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<?php

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// getID3() by James Heinrich <info@getid3.org>               //
//  available at https://github.com/JamesHeinrich/getID3       //
//            or https://www.getid3.org                        //
//            or http://getid3.sourceforge.net                 //
//  see readme.txt for more details                            //
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//                                                             //
// module.audio.ogg.php                                        //
// module for analyzing Ogg Vorbis, OggFLAC and Speex files    //
// dependencies: module.audio.flac.php                         //
//                                                            ///
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

if (!defined('GETID3_INCLUDEPATH')) { // prevent path-exposing attacks that access modules directly on public webservers
	exit;
}
getid3_lib::IncludeDependency(GETID3_INCLUDEPATH.'module.audio.flac.php', __FILE__, true);

class getid3_ogg extends getid3_handler
{
	/**
	 * @link http://xiph.org/vorbis/doc/Vorbis_I_spec.html
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public function Analyze() {
		$info = &$this->getid3->info;

		$info['fileformat'] = 'ogg';

		// Warn about illegal tags - only vorbiscomments are allowed
		if (isset($info['id3v2'])) {
			$this->warning('Illegal ID3v2 tag present.');
		}
		if (isset($info['id3v1'])) {
			$this->warning('Illegal ID3v1 tag present.');
		}
		if (isset($info['ape'])) {
			$this->warning('Illegal APE tag present.');
		}


		// Page 1 - Stream Header

		$this->fseek($info['avdataoffset']);

		$oggpageinfo = $this->ParseOggPageHeader();
		$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']] = $oggpageinfo;

		if ($this->ftell() >= $this->getid3->fread_buffer_size()) {
			$this->error('Could not find start of Ogg page in the first '.$this->getid3->fread_buffer_size().' bytes (this might not be an Ogg-Vorbis file?)');
			unset($info['fileformat']);
			unset($info['ogg']);
			return false;
		}

		$filedata = $this->fread($oggpageinfo['page_length']);
		$filedataoffset = 0;

		if (substr($filedata, 0, 4) == 'fLaC') {

			$info['audio']['dataformat']   = 'flac';
			$info['audio']['bitrate_mode'] = 'vbr';
			$info['audio']['lossless']     = true;

		} elseif (substr($filedata, 1, 6) == 'vorbis') {

			$this->ParseVorbisPageHeader($filedata, $filedataoffset, $oggpageinfo);

		} elseif (substr($filedata, 0, 8) == 'OpusHead') {

			if ($this->ParseOpusPageHeader($filedata, $filedataoffset, $oggpageinfo) === false) {
				return false;
			}

		} elseif (substr($filedata, 0, 8) == 'Speex   ') {

			// http://www.speex.org/manual/node10.html

			$info['audio']['dataformat']   = 'speex';
			$info['mime_type']             = 'audio/speex';
			$info['audio']['bitrate_mode'] = 'abr';
			$info['audio']['lossless']     = false;

			$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['speex_string']           =                              substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 8); // hard-coded to 'Speex   '
			$filedataoffset += 8;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['speex_version']          =                              substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 20);
			$filedataoffset += 20;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['speex_version_id']       = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 4));
			$filedataoffset += 4;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['header_size']            = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 4));
			$filedataoffset += 4;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['rate']                   = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 4));
			$filedataoffset += 4;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['mode']                   = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 4));
			$filedataoffset += 4;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['mode_bitstream_version'] = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 4));
			$filedataoffset += 4;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['nb_channels']            = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 4));
			$filedataoffset += 4;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['bitrate']                = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 4));
			$filedataoffset += 4;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['framesize']              = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 4));
			$filedataoffset += 4;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['vbr']                    = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 4));
			$filedataoffset += 4;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['frames_per_packet']      = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 4));
			$filedataoffset += 4;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['extra_headers']          = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 4));
			$filedataoffset += 4;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['reserved1']              = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 4));
			$filedataoffset += 4;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['reserved2']              = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 4));
			$filedataoffset += 4;

			$info['speex']['speex_version'] = trim($info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['speex_version']);
			$info['speex']['sample_rate']   = $info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['rate'];
			$info['speex']['channels']      = $info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['nb_channels'];
			$info['speex']['vbr']           = (bool) $info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['vbr'];
			$info['speex']['band_type']     = $this->SpeexBandModeLookup($info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['mode']);

			$info['audio']['sample_rate']   = $info['speex']['sample_rate'];
			$info['audio']['channels']      = $info['speex']['channels'];
			if ($info['speex']['vbr']) {
				$info['audio']['bitrate_mode'] = 'vbr';
			}

		} elseif (substr($filedata, 0, 7) == "\x80".'theora') {

			// http://www.theora.org/doc/Theora.pdf (section 6.2)

			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['theora_magic']             =                           substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  7); // hard-coded to "\x80.'theora'
			$filedataoffset += 7;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['version_major']            = getid3_lib::BigEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  1));
			$filedataoffset += 1;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['version_minor']            = getid3_lib::BigEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  1));
			$filedataoffset += 1;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['version_revision']         = getid3_lib::BigEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  1));
			$filedataoffset += 1;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['frame_width_macroblocks']  = getid3_lib::BigEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  2));
			$filedataoffset += 2;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['frame_height_macroblocks'] = getid3_lib::BigEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  2));
			$filedataoffset += 2;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['resolution_x']             = getid3_lib::BigEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  3));
			$filedataoffset += 3;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['resolution_y']             = getid3_lib::BigEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  3));
			$filedataoffset += 3;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['picture_offset_x']         = getid3_lib::BigEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  1));
			$filedataoffset += 1;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['picture_offset_y']         = getid3_lib::BigEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  1));
			$filedataoffset += 1;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['frame_rate_numerator']     = getid3_lib::BigEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  4));
			$filedataoffset += 4;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['frame_rate_denominator']   = getid3_lib::BigEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  4));
			$filedataoffset += 4;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['pixel_aspect_numerator']   = getid3_lib::BigEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  3));
			$filedataoffset += 3;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['pixel_aspect_denominator'] = getid3_lib::BigEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  3));
			$filedataoffset += 3;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['color_space_id']           = getid3_lib::BigEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  1));
			$filedataoffset += 1;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['nominal_bitrate']          = getid3_lib::BigEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  3));
			$filedataoffset += 3;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['flags']                    = getid3_lib::BigEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  2));
			$filedataoffset += 2;

			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['quality']         = ($info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['flags'] & 0xFC00) >> 10;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['kfg_shift']       = ($info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['flags'] & 0x03E0) >>  5;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['pixel_format_id'] = ($info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['flags'] & 0x0018) >>  3;
			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['reserved']        = ($info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['flags'] & 0x0007) >>  0; // should be 0
			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['color_space']     = self::TheoraColorSpace($info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['color_space_id']);
			$info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['pixel_format']    = self::TheoraPixelFormat($info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['pixel_format_id']);

			$info['video']['dataformat']   = 'theora';
			$info['mime_type']             = 'video/ogg';
			//$info['audio']['bitrate_mode'] = 'abr';
			//$info['audio']['lossless']     = false;
			$info['video']['resolution_x'] = $info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['resolution_x'];
			$info['video']['resolution_y'] = $info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['resolution_y'];
			if ($info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['frame_rate_denominator'] > 0) {
				$info['video']['frame_rate'] = (float) $info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['frame_rate_numerator'] / $info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['frame_rate_denominator'];
			}
			if ($info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['pixel_aspect_denominator'] > 0) {
				$info['video']['pixel_aspect_ratio'] = (float) $info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['pixel_aspect_numerator'] / $info['ogg']['pageheader']['theora']['pixel_aspect_denominator'];
			}
$this->warning('Ogg Theora (v3) not fully supported in this version of getID3 ['.$this->getid3->version().'] -- bitrate, playtime and all audio data are currently unavailable');


		} elseif (substr($filedata, 0, 8) == "fishead\x00") {

			// Ogg Skeleton version 3.0 Format Specification
			// http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/skeleton.html
			$filedataoffset += 8;
			$info['ogg']['skeleton']['fishead']['raw']['version_major']                = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  2));
			$filedataoffset += 2;
			$info['ogg']['skeleton']['fishead']['raw']['version_minor']                = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  2));
			$filedataoffset += 2;
			$info['ogg']['skeleton']['fishead']['raw']['presentationtime_numerator']   = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  8));
			$filedataoffset += 8;
			$info['ogg']['skeleton']['fishead']['raw']['presentationtime_denominator'] = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  8));
			$filedataoffset += 8;
			$info['ogg']['skeleton']['fishead']['raw']['basetime_numerator']           = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  8));
			$filedataoffset += 8;
			$info['ogg']['skeleton']['fishead']['raw']['basetime_denominator']         = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  8));
			$filedataoffset += 8;
			$info['ogg']['skeleton']['fishead']['raw']['utc']                          = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 20));
			$filedataoffset += 20;

			$info['ogg']['skeleton']['fishead']['version']          = $info['ogg']['skeleton']['fishead']['raw']['version_major'].'.'.$info['ogg']['skeleton']['fishead']['raw']['version_minor'];
			$info['ogg']['skeleton']['fishead']['presentationtime'] = $info['ogg']['skeleton']['fishead']['raw']['presentationtime_numerator'] / $info['ogg']['skeleton']['fishead']['raw']['presentationtime_denominator'];
			$info['ogg']['skeleton']['fishead']['basetime']         = $info['ogg']['skeleton']['fishead']['raw']['basetime_numerator']         / $info['ogg']['skeleton']['fishead']['raw']['basetime_denominator'];
			$info['ogg']['skeleton']['fishead']['utc']              = $info['ogg']['skeleton']['fishead']['raw']['utc'];


			$counter = 0;
			do {
				$oggpageinfo = $this->ParseOggPageHeader();
				$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno'].'.'.$counter++] = $oggpageinfo;
				$filedata = $this->fread($oggpageinfo['page_length']);
				$this->fseek($oggpageinfo['page_end_offset']);

				if (substr($filedata, 0, 8) == "fisbone\x00") {

					$filedataoffset = 8;
					$info['ogg']['skeleton']['fisbone']['raw']['message_header_offset']   = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  4));
					$filedataoffset += 4;
					$info['ogg']['skeleton']['fisbone']['raw']['serial_number']           = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  4));
					$filedataoffset += 4;
					$info['ogg']['skeleton']['fisbone']['raw']['number_header_packets']   = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  4));
					$filedataoffset += 4;
					$info['ogg']['skeleton']['fisbone']['raw']['granulerate_numerator']   = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  8));
					$filedataoffset += 8;
					$info['ogg']['skeleton']['fisbone']['raw']['granulerate_denominator'] = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  8));
					$filedataoffset += 8;
					$info['ogg']['skeleton']['fisbone']['raw']['basegranule']             = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  8));
					$filedataoffset += 8;
					$info['ogg']['skeleton']['fisbone']['raw']['preroll']                 = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  4));
					$filedataoffset += 4;
					$info['ogg']['skeleton']['fisbone']['raw']['granuleshift']            = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  1));
					$filedataoffset += 1;
					$info['ogg']['skeleton']['fisbone']['raw']['padding']                 =                              substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  3);
					$filedataoffset += 3;

				} elseif (substr($filedata, 1, 6) == 'theora') {

					$info['video']['dataformat'] = 'theora1';
					$this->error('Ogg Theora (v1) not correctly handled in this version of getID3 ['.$this->getid3->version().']');
					//break;

				} elseif (substr($filedata, 1, 6) == 'vorbis') {

					$this->ParseVorbisPageHeader($filedata, $filedataoffset, $oggpageinfo);

				} else {
					$this->error('unexpected');
					//break;
				}
			//} while ($oggpageinfo['page_seqno'] == 0);
			} while (($oggpageinfo['page_seqno'] == 0) && (substr($filedata, 0, 8) != "fisbone\x00"));

			$this->fseek($oggpageinfo['page_start_offset']);

			$this->error('Ogg Skeleton not correctly handled in this version of getID3 ['.$this->getid3->version().']');
			//return false;

		} elseif (substr($filedata, 0, 5) == "\x7F".'FLAC') {
			// https://xiph.org/flac/ogg_mapping.html

			$info['audio']['dataformat']   = 'flac';
			$info['audio']['bitrate_mode'] = 'vbr';
			$info['audio']['lossless']     = true;

			$info['ogg']['flac']['header']['version_major']  =                         ord(substr($filedata,  5, 1));
			$info['ogg']['flac']['header']['version_minor']  =                         ord(substr($filedata,  6, 1));
			$info['ogg']['flac']['header']['header_packets'] =   getid3_lib::BigEndian2Int(substr($filedata,  7, 2)) + 1; // "A two-byte, big-endian binary number signifying the number of header (non-audio) packets, not including this one. This number may be zero (0x0000) to signify 'unknown' but be aware that some decoders may not be able to handle such streams."
			$info['ogg']['flac']['header']['magic']          =                             substr($filedata,  9, 4);
			if ($info['ogg']['flac']['header']['magic'] != 'fLaC') {
				$this->error('Ogg-FLAC expecting "fLaC", found "'.$info['ogg']['flac']['header']['magic'].'" ('.trim(getid3_lib::PrintHexBytes($info['ogg']['flac']['header']['magic'])).')');
				return false;
			}
			$info['ogg']['flac']['header']['STREAMINFO_bytes'] = getid3_lib::BigEndian2Int(substr($filedata, 13, 4));
			$info['flac']['STREAMINFO'] = getid3_flac::parseSTREAMINFOdata(substr($filedata, 17, 34));
			if (!empty($info['flac']['STREAMINFO']['sample_rate'])) {
				$info['audio']['bitrate_mode']    = 'vbr';
				$info['audio']['sample_rate']     = $info['flac']['STREAMINFO']['sample_rate'];
				$info['audio']['channels']        = $info['flac']['STREAMINFO']['channels'];
				$info['audio']['bits_per_sample'] = $info['flac']['STREAMINFO']['bits_per_sample'];
				$info['playtime_seconds']         = $info['flac']['STREAMINFO']['samples_stream'] / $info['flac']['STREAMINFO']['sample_rate'];
			}

		} else {

			$this->error('Expecting one of "vorbis", "Speex", "OpusHead", "vorbis", "fishhead", "theora", "fLaC" identifier strings, found "'.substr($filedata, 0, 8).'"');
			unset($info['ogg']);
			unset($info['mime_type']);
			return false;

		}

		// Page 2 - Comment Header
		$oggpageinfo = $this->ParseOggPageHeader();
		$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']] = $oggpageinfo;

		switch ($info['audio']['dataformat']) {
			case 'vorbis':
				$filedata = $this->fread($info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['page_length']);
				$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['packet_type'] = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, 0, 1));
				$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['stream_type'] =                              substr($filedata, 1, 6); // hard-coded to 'vorbis'

				$this->ParseVorbisComments();
				break;

			case 'flac':
				$flac = new getid3_flac($this->getid3);
				if (!$flac->parseMETAdata()) {
					$this->error('Failed to parse FLAC headers');
					return false;
				}
				unset($flac);
				break;

			case 'speex':
				$this->fseek($info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['page_length'], SEEK_CUR);
				$this->ParseVorbisComments();
				break;

			case 'opus':
				$filedata = $this->fread($info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['page_length']);
				$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['stream_type'] = substr($filedata, 0, 8); // hard-coded to 'OpusTags'
				if(substr($filedata, 0, 8)  != 'OpusTags') {
					$this->error('Expected "OpusTags" as header but got "'.substr($filedata, 0, 8).'"');
					return false;
				}

				$this->ParseVorbisComments();
				break;

		}

		// Last Page - Number of Samples
		if (!getid3_lib::intValueSupported($info['avdataend'])) {

			$this->warning('Unable to parse Ogg end chunk file (PHP does not support file operations beyond '.round(PHP_INT_MAX / 1073741824).'GB)');

		} else {

			$this->fseek(max($info['avdataend'] - $this->getid3->fread_buffer_size(), 0));
			$LastChunkOfOgg = strrev($this->fread($this->getid3->fread_buffer_size()));
			if ($LastOggSpostion = strpos($LastChunkOfOgg, 'SggO')) {
				$this->fseek($info['avdataend'] - ($LastOggSpostion + strlen('SggO')));
				$info['avdataend'] = $this->ftell();
				$info['ogg']['pageheader']['eos'] = $this->ParseOggPageHeader();
				$info['ogg']['samples']   = $info['ogg']['pageheader']['eos']['pcm_abs_position'];
				if ($info['ogg']['samples'] == 0) {
					$this->error('Corrupt Ogg file: eos.number of samples == zero');
					return false;
				}
				if (!empty($info['audio']['sample_rate'])) {
					$info['ogg']['bitrate_average'] = (($info['avdataend'] - $info['avdataoffset']) * 8) / ($info['ogg']['samples'] / $info['audio']['sample_rate']);
				}
			}

		}

		if (!empty($info['ogg']['bitrate_average'])) {
			$info['audio']['bitrate'] = $info['ogg']['bitrate_average'];
		} elseif (!empty($info['ogg']['bitrate_nominal'])) {
			$info['audio']['bitrate'] = $info['ogg']['bitrate_nominal'];
		} elseif (!empty($info['ogg']['bitrate_min']) && !empty($info['ogg']['bitrate_max'])) {
			$info['audio']['bitrate'] = ($info['ogg']['bitrate_min'] + $info['ogg']['bitrate_max']) / 2;
		}
		if (isset($info['audio']['bitrate']) && !isset($info['playtime_seconds'])) {
			if ($info['audio']['bitrate'] == 0) {
				$this->error('Corrupt Ogg file: bitrate_audio == zero');
				return false;
			}
			$info['playtime_seconds'] = (float) ((($info['avdataend'] - $info['avdataoffset']) * 8) / $info['audio']['bitrate']);
		}

		if (isset($info['ogg']['vendor'])) {
			$info['audio']['encoder'] = preg_replace('/^Encoded with /', '', $info['ogg']['vendor']);

			// Vorbis only
			if ($info['audio']['dataformat'] == 'vorbis') {

				// Vorbis 1.0 starts with Xiph.Org
				if  (preg_match('/^Xiph.Org/', $info['audio']['encoder'])) {

					if ($info['audio']['bitrate_mode'] == 'abr') {

						// Set -b 128 on abr files
						$info['audio']['encoder_options'] = '-b '.round($info['ogg']['bitrate_nominal'] / 1000);

					} elseif (($info['audio']['bitrate_mode'] == 'vbr') && ($info['audio']['channels'] == 2) && ($info['audio']['sample_rate'] >= 44100) && ($info['audio']['sample_rate'] <= 48000)) {
						// Set -q N on vbr files
						$info['audio']['encoder_options'] = '-q '.$this->get_quality_from_nominal_bitrate($info['ogg']['bitrate_nominal']);

					}
				}

				if (empty($info['audio']['encoder_options']) && !empty($info['ogg']['bitrate_nominal'])) {
					$info['audio']['encoder_options'] = 'Nominal bitrate: '.intval(round($info['ogg']['bitrate_nominal'] / 1000)).'kbps';
				}
			}
		}

		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $filedata
	 * @param int    $filedataoffset
	 * @param array  $oggpageinfo
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public function ParseVorbisPageHeader(&$filedata, &$filedataoffset, &$oggpageinfo) {
		$info = &$this->getid3->info;
		$info['audio']['dataformat'] = 'vorbis';
		$info['audio']['lossless']   = false;

		$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['packet_type'] = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 1));
		$filedataoffset += 1;
		$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['stream_type'] = substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 6); // hard-coded to 'vorbis'
		$filedataoffset += 6;
		$info['ogg']['bitstreamversion'] = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 4));
		$filedataoffset += 4;
		$info['ogg']['numberofchannels'] = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 1));
		$filedataoffset += 1;
		$info['audio']['channels']       = $info['ogg']['numberofchannels'];
		$info['ogg']['samplerate']       = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 4));
		$filedataoffset += 4;
		if ($info['ogg']['samplerate'] == 0) {
			$this->error('Corrupt Ogg file: sample rate == zero');
			return false;
		}
		$info['audio']['sample_rate']    = $info['ogg']['samplerate'];
		$info['ogg']['samples']          = 0; // filled in later
		$info['ogg']['bitrate_average']  = 0; // filled in later
		$info['ogg']['bitrate_max']      = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 4));
		$filedataoffset += 4;
		$info['ogg']['bitrate_nominal']  = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 4));
		$filedataoffset += 4;
		$info['ogg']['bitrate_min']      = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 4));
		$filedataoffset += 4;
		$info['ogg']['blocksize_small']  = pow(2,  getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 1)) & 0x0F);
		$info['ogg']['blocksize_large']  = pow(2, (getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 1)) & 0xF0) >> 4);
		$info['ogg']['stop_bit']         = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 1)); // must be 1, marks end of packet

		$info['audio']['bitrate_mode'] = 'vbr'; // overridden if actually abr
		if ($info['ogg']['bitrate_max'] == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
			unset($info['ogg']['bitrate_max']);
			$info['audio']['bitrate_mode'] = 'abr';
		}
		if ($info['ogg']['bitrate_nominal'] == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
			unset($info['ogg']['bitrate_nominal']);
		}
		if ($info['ogg']['bitrate_min'] == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
			unset($info['ogg']['bitrate_min']);
			$info['audio']['bitrate_mode'] = 'abr';
		}
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * @link http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-codec-oggopus-03
	 *
	 * @param string $filedata
	 * @param int    $filedataoffset
	 * @param array  $oggpageinfo
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public function ParseOpusPageHeader(&$filedata, &$filedataoffset, &$oggpageinfo) {
		$info = &$this->getid3->info;
		$info['audio']['dataformat']   = 'opus';
		$info['mime_type']             = 'audio/ogg; codecs=opus';

		/** @todo find a usable way to detect abr (vbr that is padded to be abr) */
		$info['audio']['bitrate_mode'] = 'vbr';

		$info['audio']['lossless']     = false;

		$info['ogg']['pageheader']['opus']['opus_magic'] = substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 8); // hard-coded to 'OpusHead'
		$filedataoffset += 8;
		$info['ogg']['pageheader']['opus']['version']    = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  1));
		$filedataoffset += 1;

		if ($info['ogg']['pageheader']['opus']['version'] < 1 || $info['ogg']['pageheader']['opus']['version'] > 15) {
			$this->error('Unknown opus version number (only accepting 1-15)');
			return false;
		}

		$info['ogg']['pageheader']['opus']['out_channel_count'] = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  1));
		$filedataoffset += 1;

		if ($info['ogg']['pageheader']['opus']['out_channel_count'] == 0) {
			$this->error('Invalid channel count in opus header (must not be zero)');
			return false;
		}

		$info['ogg']['pageheader']['opus']['pre_skip'] = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  2));
		$filedataoffset += 2;

		$info['ogg']['pageheader']['opus']['input_sample_rate'] = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  4));
		$filedataoffset += 4;

		//$info['ogg']['pageheader']['opus']['output_gain'] = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  2));
		//$filedataoffset += 2;

		//$info['ogg']['pageheader']['opus']['channel_mapping_family'] = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset,  1));
		//$filedataoffset += 1;

		$info['opus']['opus_version']       = $info['ogg']['pageheader']['opus']['version'];
		$info['opus']['sample_rate_input']  = $info['ogg']['pageheader']['opus']['input_sample_rate'];
		$info['opus']['out_channel_count']  = $info['ogg']['pageheader']['opus']['out_channel_count'];

		$info['audio']['channels']          = $info['opus']['out_channel_count'];
		$info['audio']['sample_rate_input'] = $info['opus']['sample_rate_input'];
		$info['audio']['sample_rate']       = 48000; // "All Opus audio is coded at 48 kHz, and should also be decoded at 48 kHz for playback (unless the target hardware does not support this sampling rate). However, this field may be used to resample the audio back to the original sampling rate, for example, when saving the output to a file." -- https://mf4.xiph.org/jenkins/view/opus/job/opusfile-unix/ws/doc/html/structOpusHead.html
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * @return array|false
	 */
	public function ParseOggPageHeader() {
		// http://xiph.org/ogg/vorbis/doc/framing.html
		$oggheader = array();
		$oggheader['page_start_offset'] = $this->ftell(); // where we started from in the file

		$filedata = $this->fread($this->getid3->fread_buffer_size());
		$filedataoffset = 0;
		while ((substr($filedata, $filedataoffset++, 4) != 'OggS')) {
			if (($this->ftell() - $oggheader['page_start_offset']) >= $this->getid3->fread_buffer_size()) {
				// should be found before here
				return false;
			}
			if ((($filedataoffset + 28) > strlen($filedata)) || (strlen($filedata) < 28)) {
				if ($this->feof() || (($filedata .= $this->fread($this->getid3->fread_buffer_size())) === '')) {
					// get some more data, unless eof, in which case fail
					return false;
				}
			}
		}
		$filedataoffset += strlen('OggS') - 1; // page, delimited by 'OggS'

		$oggheader['stream_structver']  = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 1));
		$filedataoffset += 1;
		$oggheader['flags_raw']         = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 1));
		$filedataoffset += 1;
		$oggheader['flags']['fresh']    = (bool) ($oggheader['flags_raw'] & 0x01); // fresh packet
		$oggheader['flags']['bos']      = (bool) ($oggheader['flags_raw'] & 0x02); // first page of logical bitstream (bos)
		$oggheader['flags']['eos']      = (bool) ($oggheader['flags_raw'] & 0x04); // last page of logical bitstream (eos)

		$oggheader['pcm_abs_position']  = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 8));
		$filedataoffset += 8;
		$oggheader['stream_serialno']   = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 4));
		$filedataoffset += 4;
		$oggheader['page_seqno']        = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 4));
		$filedataoffset += 4;
		$oggheader['page_checksum']     = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 4));
		$filedataoffset += 4;
		$oggheader['page_segments']     = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 1));
		$filedataoffset += 1;
		$oggheader['page_length'] = 0;
		for ($i = 0; $i < $oggheader['page_segments']; $i++) {
			$oggheader['segment_table'][$i] = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($filedata, $filedataoffset, 1));
			$filedataoffset += 1;
			$oggheader['page_length'] += $oggheader['segment_table'][$i];
		}
		$oggheader['header_end_offset'] = $oggheader['page_start_offset'] + $filedataoffset;
		$oggheader['page_end_offset']   = $oggheader['header_end_offset'] + $oggheader['page_length'];
		$this->fseek($oggheader['header_end_offset']);

		return $oggheader;
	}

	/**
	 * @link http://xiph.org/vorbis/doc/Vorbis_I_spec.html#x1-810005
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public function ParseVorbisComments() {
		$info = &$this->getid3->info;

		$OriginalOffset = $this->ftell();
		$commentdata = null;
		$commentdataoffset = 0;
		$VorbisCommentPage = 1;
		$CommentStartOffset = 0;

		switch ($info['audio']['dataformat']) {
			case 'vorbis':
			case 'speex':
			case 'opus':
				$CommentStartOffset = $info['ogg']['pageheader'][$VorbisCommentPage]['page_start_offset'];  // Second Ogg page, after header block
				$this->fseek($CommentStartOffset);
				$commentdataoffset = 27 + $info['ogg']['pageheader'][$VorbisCommentPage]['page_segments'];
				$commentdata = $this->fread(self::OggPageSegmentLength($info['ogg']['pageheader'][$VorbisCommentPage], 1) + $commentdataoffset);

				if ($info['audio']['dataformat'] == 'vorbis') {
					$commentdataoffset += (strlen('vorbis') + 1);
				}
				else if ($info['audio']['dataformat'] == 'opus') {
					$commentdataoffset += strlen('OpusTags');
				}

				break;

			case 'flac':
				$CommentStartOffset = $info['flac']['VORBIS_COMMENT']['raw']['offset'] + 4;
				$this->fseek($CommentStartOffset);
				$commentdata = $this->fread($info['flac']['VORBIS_COMMENT']['raw']['block_length']);
				break;

			default:
				return false;
		}

		$VendorSize = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($commentdata, $commentdataoffset, 4));
		$commentdataoffset += 4;

		$info['ogg']['vendor'] = substr($commentdata, $commentdataoffset, $VendorSize);
		$commentdataoffset += $VendorSize;

		$CommentsCount = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($commentdata, $commentdataoffset, 4));
		$commentdataoffset += 4;
		$info['avdataoffset'] = $CommentStartOffset + $commentdataoffset;

		$basicfields = array('TITLE', 'ARTIST', 'ALBUM', 'TRACKNUMBER', 'GENRE', 'DATE', 'DESCRIPTION', 'COMMENT');
		$ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw = &$info['ogg']['comments_raw'];
		for ($i = 0; $i < $CommentsCount; $i++) {

			if ($i >= 10000) {
				// https://github.com/owncloud/music/issues/212#issuecomment-43082336
				$this->warning('Unexpectedly large number ('.$CommentsCount.') of Ogg comments - breaking after reading '.$i.' comments');
				break;
			}

			$ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw[$i]['dataoffset'] = $CommentStartOffset + $commentdataoffset;

			if ($this->ftell() < ($ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw[$i]['dataoffset'] + 4)) {
				if ($oggpageinfo = $this->ParseOggPageHeader()) {
					$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']] = $oggpageinfo;

					$VorbisCommentPage++;

					// First, save what we haven't read yet
					$AsYetUnusedData = substr($commentdata, $commentdataoffset);

					// Then take that data off the end
					$commentdata     = substr($commentdata, 0, $commentdataoffset);

					// Add [headerlength] bytes of dummy data for the Ogg Page Header, just to keep absolute offsets correct
					$commentdata .= str_repeat("\x00", 27 + $info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['page_segments']);
					$commentdataoffset += (27 + $info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['page_segments']);

					// Finally, stick the unused data back on the end
					$commentdata .= $AsYetUnusedData;

					//$commentdata .= $this->fread($info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['page_length']);
					$commentdata .= $this->fread($this->OggPageSegmentLength($info['ogg']['pageheader'][$VorbisCommentPage], 1));
				}

			}
			$ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw[$i]['size'] = getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($commentdata, $commentdataoffset, 4));

			// replace avdataoffset with position just after the last vorbiscomment
			$info['avdataoffset'] = $ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw[$i]['dataoffset'] + $ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw[$i]['size'] + 4;

			$commentdataoffset += 4;
			while ((strlen($commentdata) - $commentdataoffset) < $ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw[$i]['size']) {
				if (($ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw[$i]['size'] > $info['avdataend']) || ($ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw[$i]['size'] < 0)) {
					$this->warning('Invalid Ogg comment size (comment #'.$i.', claims to be '.number_format($ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw[$i]['size']).' bytes) - aborting reading comments');
					break 2;
				}

				$VorbisCommentPage++;

				if ($oggpageinfo = $this->ParseOggPageHeader()) {
					$info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']] = $oggpageinfo;

					// First, save what we haven't read yet
					$AsYetUnusedData = substr($commentdata, $commentdataoffset);

					// Then take that data off the end
					$commentdata     = substr($commentdata, 0, $commentdataoffset);

					// Add [headerlength] bytes of dummy data for the Ogg Page Header, just to keep absolute offsets correct
					$commentdata .= str_repeat("\x00", 27 + $info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['page_segments']);
					$commentdataoffset += (27 + $info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['page_segments']);

					// Finally, stick the unused data back on the end
					$commentdata .= $AsYetUnusedData;

					//$commentdata .= $this->fread($info['ogg']['pageheader'][$oggpageinfo['page_seqno']]['page_length']);
					if (!isset($info['ogg']['pageheader'][$VorbisCommentPage])) {
						$this->warning('undefined Vorbis Comment page "'.$VorbisCommentPage.'" at offset '.$this->ftell());
						break;
					}
					$readlength = self::OggPageSegmentLength($info['ogg']['pageheader'][$VorbisCommentPage], 1);
					if ($readlength <= 0) {
						$this->warning('invalid length Vorbis Comment page "'.$VorbisCommentPage.'" at offset '.$this->ftell());
						break;
					}
					$commentdata .= $this->fread($readlength);

					//$filebaseoffset += $oggpageinfo['header_end_offset'] - $oggpageinfo['page_start_offset'];
				} else {
					$this->warning('failed to ParseOggPageHeader() at offset '.$this->ftell());
					break;
				}
			}
			$ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw[$i]['offset'] = $commentdataoffset;
			$commentstring = substr($commentdata, $commentdataoffset, $ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw[$i]['size']);
			$commentdataoffset += $ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw[$i]['size'];

			if (!$commentstring) {

				// no comment?
				$this->warning('Blank Ogg comment ['.$i.']');

			} elseif (strstr($commentstring, '=')) {

				$commentexploded = explode('=', $commentstring, 2);
				$ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw[$i]['key']   = strtoupper($commentexploded[0]);
				$ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw[$i]['value'] = (isset($commentexploded[1]) ? $commentexploded[1] : '');

				if ($ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw[$i]['key'] == 'METADATA_BLOCK_PICTURE') {

					// http://wiki.xiph.org/VorbisComment#METADATA_BLOCK_PICTURE
					// The unencoded format is that of the FLAC picture block. The fields are stored in big endian order as in FLAC, picture data is stored according to the relevant standard.
					// http://flac.sourceforge.net/format.html#metadata_block_picture
					$flac = new getid3_flac($this->getid3);
					$flac->setStringMode(base64_decode($ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw[$i]['value']));
					$flac->parsePICTURE();
					$info['ogg']['comments']['picture'][] = $flac->getid3->info['flac']['PICTURE'][0];
					unset($flac);

				} elseif ($ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw[$i]['key'] == 'COVERART') {

					$data = base64_decode($ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw[$i]['value']);
					$this->notice('Found deprecated COVERART tag, it should be replaced in honor of METADATA_BLOCK_PICTURE structure');
					/** @todo use 'coverartmime' where available */
					$imageinfo = getid3_lib::GetDataImageSize($data);
					if ($imageinfo === false || !isset($imageinfo['mime'])) {
						$this->warning('COVERART vorbiscomment tag contains invalid image');
						continue;
					}

					$ogg = new self($this->getid3);
					$ogg->setStringMode($data);
					$info['ogg']['comments']['picture'][] = array(
						'image_mime'   => $imageinfo['mime'],
						'datalength'   => strlen($data),
						'picturetype'  => 'cover art',
						'image_height' => $imageinfo['height'],
						'image_width'  => $imageinfo['width'],
						'data'         => $ogg->saveAttachment('coverart', 0, strlen($data), $imageinfo['mime']),
					);
					unset($ogg);

				} else {

					$info['ogg']['comments'][strtolower($ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw[$i]['key'])][] = $ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw[$i]['value'];

				}

			} else {

				$this->warning('[known problem with CDex >= v1.40, < v1.50b7] Invalid Ogg comment name/value pair ['.$i.']: '.$commentstring);

			}
			unset($ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw[$i]);
		}
		unset($ThisFileInfo_ogg_comments_raw);


		// Replay Gain Adjustment
		// http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~djmrob/replaygain/
		if (isset($info['ogg']['comments']) && is_array($info['ogg']['comments'])) {
			foreach ($info['ogg']['comments'] as $index => $commentvalue) {
				switch ($index) {
					case 'rg_audiophile':
					case 'replaygain_album_gain':
						$info['replay_gain']['album']['adjustment'] = (double) $commentvalue[0];
						unset($info['ogg']['comments'][$index]);
						break;

					case 'rg_radio':
					case 'replaygain_track_gain':
						$info['replay_gain']['track']['adjustment'] = (double) $commentvalue[0];
						unset($info['ogg']['comments'][$index]);
						break;

					case 'replaygain_album_peak':
						$info['replay_gain']['album']['peak'] = (double) $commentvalue[0];
						unset($info['ogg']['comments'][$index]);
						break;

					case 'rg_peak':
					case 'replaygain_track_peak':
						$info['replay_gain']['track']['peak'] = (double) $commentvalue[0];
						unset($info['ogg']['comments'][$index]);
						break;

					case 'replaygain_reference_loudness':
						$info['replay_gain']['reference_volume'] = (double) $commentvalue[0];
						unset($info['ogg']['comments'][$index]);
						break;

					default:
						// do nothing
						break;
				}
			}
		}

		$this->fseek($OriginalOffset);

		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $mode
	 *
	 * @return string|null
	 */
	public static function SpeexBandModeLookup($mode) {
		static $SpeexBandModeLookup = array();
		if (empty($SpeexBandModeLookup)) {
			$SpeexBandModeLookup[0] = 'narrow';
			$SpeexBandModeLookup[1] = 'wide';
			$SpeexBandModeLookup[2] = 'ultra-wide';
		}
		return (isset($SpeexBandModeLookup[$mode]) ? $SpeexBandModeLookup[$mode] : null);
	}

	/**
	 * @param array $OggInfoArray
	 * @param int   $SegmentNumber
	 *
	 * @return int
	 */
	public static function OggPageSegmentLength($OggInfoArray, $SegmentNumber=1) {
		$segmentlength = 0;
		for ($i = 0; $i < $SegmentNumber; $i++) {
			$segmentlength = 0;
			foreach ($OggInfoArray['segment_table'] as $key => $value) {
				$segmentlength += $value;
				if ($value < 255) {
					break;
				}
			}
		}
		return $segmentlength;
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $nominal_bitrate
	 *
	 * @return float
	 */
	public static function get_quality_from_nominal_bitrate($nominal_bitrate) {

		// decrease precision
		$nominal_bitrate = $nominal_bitrate / 1000;

		if ($nominal_bitrate < 128) {
			// q-1 to q4
			$qval = ($nominal_bitrate - 64) / 16;
		} elseif ($nominal_bitrate < 256) {
			// q4 to q8
			$qval = $nominal_bitrate / 32;
		} elseif ($nominal_bitrate < 320) {
			// q8 to q9
			$qval = ($nominal_bitrate + 256) / 64;
		} else {
			// q9 to q10
			$qval = ($nominal_bitrate + 1300) / 180;
		}
		//return $qval; // 5.031324
		//return intval($qval); // 5
		return round($qval, 1); // 5 or 4.9
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $colorspace_id
	 *
	 * @return string|null
	 */
	public static function TheoraColorSpace($colorspace_id) {
		// http://www.theora.org/doc/Theora.pdf (table 6.3)
		static $TheoraColorSpaceLookup = array();
		if (empty($TheoraColorSpaceLookup)) {
			$TheoraColorSpaceLookup[0] = 'Undefined';
			$TheoraColorSpaceLookup[1] = 'Rec. 470M';
			$TheoraColorSpaceLookup[2] = 'Rec. 470BG';
			$TheoraColorSpaceLookup[3] = 'Reserved';
		}
		return (isset($TheoraColorSpaceLookup[$colorspace_id]) ? $TheoraColorSpaceLookup[$colorspace_id] : null);
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $pixelformat_id
	 *
	 * @return string|null
	 */
	public static function TheoraPixelFormat($pixelformat_id) {
		// http://www.theora.org/doc/Theora.pdf (table 6.4)
		static $TheoraPixelFormatLookup = array();
		if (empty($TheoraPixelFormatLookup)) {
			$TheoraPixelFormatLookup[0] = '4:2:0';
			$TheoraPixelFormatLookup[1] = 'Reserved';
			$TheoraPixelFormatLookup[2] = '4:2:2';
			$TheoraPixelFormatLookup[3] = '4:4:4';
		}
		return (isset($TheoraPixelFormatLookup[$pixelformat_id]) ? $TheoraPixelFormatLookup[$pixelformat_id] : null);
	}

}

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10 Best Real Money Online Casinos for USA Players in 2025\n<\/p>\n

Online casinos provide resources on responsible gaming, including tips for recognizing problem gambling and options for self-exclusion. Top USA online casinos implement these features to ensure players can enjoy online casino gambling responsibly and safely gamble online. You can expect welcome bonuses, no deposit bonuses バカラ ルール<\/em><\/strong><\/a> オンライン カジノ<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, free spins, and loyalty programs at online casinos to enhance your gaming experience and increase your winning potential. These bonuses can match a percentage of your deposit, offer free spins, or provide betting credits without requiring an initial deposit.\n<\/p>\n

The classic online casino experience is still the most popular way to gamble for real money at Ignition, and with so many games at your fingertips, it\u2019s easy to see why. There are hundreds of different online slots to play, along with dozens of table games, video poker, and specialty games like Keno. You can find these games under their respective menus on our home page, and you can see which games are really hot right now at Ignition by checking out the Most Popular list. You can even try out all these games for free by using the Practice mode before playing for real money.\n<\/p>\n

Whether you prefer playing slots, poker, or roulette, a well-rounded game selection can significantly impact your enjoyment. Always check if the online casino is a licensed US gambling site and meets industry standards before making a deposit. We will now delve into the unique features of each of these top online casinos which distinguish them in the competitive landscape of 2025.\n<\/p>\n

Beyond accessing a world of online gaming and winning opportunities, our signup bonus for new players helps you get started on this exciting journey. As a result, whether it\u2019s legal for you to use casinos online for real money hangs on your state. However, in between this complex web of regulations, offshore operators are available as a go-to option for American gamblers. These are international platforms that are not regulated by US laws, and many have built a trustworthy and reliable reputation. Our recommendations only include platforms that recognize this and have measures to promote responsible behavior. This includes self-exclusion options, deposit and time limits, and resources for users with gambling problems.\n<\/p>\n

Licensed casinos must comply with data protection laws, using encryption and safety protocols like SSL encryption to safeguard player data. Ignition Casino, for example, is licensed by the Kahnawake Gaming Commission and implements secure mobile gaming practices to ensure user safety. At 7Bit, you can play Bitcoin casino games online on any device of your choice. You can comfortably gamble on a home-based PC, whether it’s a Mac or Windows system. It\u2019s like having your home crypto casino オンライン カジノ<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, which you can \u2018visit\u2019 any time at just one click of a button. Submerge yourself in the exciting world of Las Atlantis Casino, where new members are greeted with a substantial no deposit bonus to explore the casino\u2019s offerings.\n<\/p>\n

Real money online casinos have been legalized in seven US states so far, but only four of those states operate with an open market, allowing players to choose from multiple licensed operators. Also known as software-based online casino games, the outcome of these games is determined using a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) software. This software ensures that every deal of the card ベラ ジョン カジノ<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, the outcome of a dice throw, or the results produced by the spinning of a slot machine or roulette wheel is totally random and unpredictable. PRNGs use a set of mathematical instructions known as an algorithm to generate a long stream of numbers that give the impression of true randomness. This is a term given to operators where games are streamed from a land-based location, such as the casino floor in Atlantic City. Players join a virtual game via a live feed and can place bets in real-time via video stream.\n<\/p>\n

Welcome to our blog バカラ ルール<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, where we’ll be diving into the captivating world of online casinos and exploring the positive direction in which they are heading. Gone are the days of traveling long distances to visit a land-based casino. With the advent of online gambling, the casino experience has become more accessible ステークカジノ<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, convenient, and enjoyable than ever before. Let’s explore the many reasons why online casinos are soaring in popularity and why they offer an exciting alternative for gaming enthusiasts around the globe. Worried about the safety of your personal and financial information?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

10 Best Real Money Online Casinos for USA Players in 2025 Online casinos provide resources on responsible gaming, including tips for recognizing problem gambling and options for self-exclusion. Top USA online casinos implement these features to ensure players can enjoy online casino gambling responsibly and safely gamble online. You can expect welcome bonuses, no deposit…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7524"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7524"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7524\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7525,"href":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7524\/revisions\/7525"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7524"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7524"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7524"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}