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<?php
/**
 * Core User API
 *
 * @package WordPress
 * @subpackage Users
 */

/**
 * Authenticates and logs a user in with 'remember' capability.
 *
 * The credentials is an array that has 'user_login', 'user_password', and
 * 'remember' indices. If the credentials is not given, then the log in form
 * will be assumed and used if set.
 *
 * The various authentication cookies will be set by this function and will be
 * set for a longer period depending on if the 'remember' credential is set to
 * true.
 *
 * Note: wp_signon() doesn't handle setting the current user. This means that if the
 * function is called before the {@see 'init'} hook is fired, is_user_logged_in() will
 * evaluate as false until that point. If is_user_logged_in() is needed in conjunction
 * with wp_signon(), wp_set_current_user() should be called explicitly.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @global string $auth_secure_cookie
 *
 * @param array       $credentials {
 *     Optional. User info in order to sign on.
 *
 *     @type string $user_login    Username.
 *     @type string $user_password User password.
 *     @type bool   $remember      Whether to 'remember' the user. Increases the time
 *                                 that the cookie will be kept. Default false.
 * }
 * @param string|bool $secure_cookie Optional. Whether to use secure cookie.
 * @return WP_User|WP_Error WP_User on success, WP_Error on failure.
 */
function wp_signon( $credentials = array(), $secure_cookie = '' ) {
	if ( empty( $credentials ) ) {
		$credentials = array(
			'user_login'    => '',
			'user_password' => '',
			'remember'      => false,
		);

		if ( ! empty( $_POST['log'] ) ) {
			$credentials['user_login'] = wp_unslash( $_POST['log'] );
		}
		if ( ! empty( $_POST['pwd'] ) ) {
			$credentials['user_password'] = $_POST['pwd'];
		}
		if ( ! empty( $_POST['rememberme'] ) ) {
			$credentials['remember'] = $_POST['rememberme'];
		}
	}

	if ( ! empty( $credentials['remember'] ) ) {
		$credentials['remember'] = true;
	} else {
		$credentials['remember'] = false;
	}

	/**
	 * Fires before the user is authenticated.
	 *
	 * The variables passed to the callbacks are passed by reference,
	 * and can be modified by callback functions.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.1
	 *
	 * @todo Decide whether to deprecate the wp_authenticate action.
	 *
	 * @param string $user_login    Username (passed by reference).
	 * @param string $user_password User password (passed by reference).
	 */
	do_action_ref_array( 'wp_authenticate', array( &$credentials['user_login'], &$credentials['user_password'] ) );

	if ( '' === $secure_cookie ) {
		$secure_cookie = is_ssl();
	}

	/**
	 * Filters whether to use a secure sign-on cookie.
	 *
	 * @since 3.1.0
	 *
	 * @param bool  $secure_cookie Whether to use a secure sign-on cookie.
	 * @param array $credentials {
	 *     Array of entered sign-on data.
	 *
	 *     @type string $user_login    Username.
	 *     @type string $user_password Password entered.
	 *     @type bool   $remember      Whether to 'remember' the user. Increases the time
	 *                                 that the cookie will be kept. Default false.
	 * }
	 */
	$secure_cookie = apply_filters( 'secure_signon_cookie', $secure_cookie, $credentials );

	global $auth_secure_cookie; // XXX ugly hack to pass this to wp_authenticate_cookie().
	$auth_secure_cookie = $secure_cookie;

	add_filter( 'authenticate', 'wp_authenticate_cookie', 30, 3 );

	$user = wp_authenticate( $credentials['user_login'], $credentials['user_password'] );

	if ( is_wp_error( $user ) ) {
		return $user;
	}

	wp_set_auth_cookie( $user->ID, $credentials['remember'], $secure_cookie );
	/**
	 * Fires after the user has successfully logged in.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.0
	 *
	 * @param string  $user_login Username.
	 * @param WP_User $user       WP_User object of the logged-in user.
	 */
	do_action( 'wp_login', $user->user_login, $user );
	return $user;
}

/**
 * Authenticates a user, confirming the username and password are valid.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param WP_User|WP_Error|null $user     WP_User or WP_Error object from a previous callback. Default null.
 * @param string                $username Username for authentication.
 * @param string                $password Password for authentication.
 * @return WP_User|WP_Error WP_User on success, WP_Error on failure.
 */
function wp_authenticate_username_password( $user, $username, $password ) {
	if ( $user instanceof WP_User ) {
		return $user;
	}

	if ( empty( $username ) || empty( $password ) ) {
		if ( is_wp_error( $user ) ) {
			return $user;
		}

		$error = new WP_Error();

		if ( empty( $username ) ) {
			$error->add( 'empty_username', __( '<strong>Error:</strong> The username field is empty.' ) );
		}

		if ( empty( $password ) ) {
			$error->add( 'empty_password', __( '<strong>Error:</strong> The password field is empty.' ) );
		}

		return $error;
	}

	$user = get_user_by( 'login', $username );

	if ( ! $user ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			'invalid_username',
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: User name. */
				__( '<strong>Error:</strong> The username <strong>%s</strong> is not registered on this site. If you are unsure of your username, try your email address instead.' ),
				$username
			)
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Filters whether the given user can be authenticated with the provided password.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_User|WP_Error $user     WP_User or WP_Error object if a previous
	 *                                   callback failed authentication.
	 * @param string           $password Password to check against the user.
	 */
	$user = apply_filters( 'wp_authenticate_user', $user, $password );
	if ( is_wp_error( $user ) ) {
		return $user;
	}

	if ( ! wp_check_password( $password, $user->user_pass, $user->ID ) ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			'incorrect_password',
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: User name. */
				__( '<strong>Error:</strong> The password you entered for the username %s is incorrect.' ),
				'<strong>' . $username . '</strong>'
			) .
			' <a href="' . wp_lostpassword_url() . '">' .
			__( 'Lost your password?' ) .
			'</a>'
		);
	}

	return $user;
}

/**
 * Authenticates a user using the email and password.
 *
 * @since 4.5.0
 *
 * @param WP_User|WP_Error|null $user     WP_User or WP_Error object if a previous
 *                                        callback failed authentication.
 * @param string                $email    Email address for authentication.
 * @param string                $password Password for authentication.
 * @return WP_User|WP_Error WP_User on success, WP_Error on failure.
 */
function wp_authenticate_email_password( $user, $email, $password ) {
	if ( $user instanceof WP_User ) {
		return $user;
	}

	if ( empty( $email ) || empty( $password ) ) {
		if ( is_wp_error( $user ) ) {
			return $user;
		}

		$error = new WP_Error();

		if ( empty( $email ) ) {
			// Uses 'empty_username' for back-compat with wp_signon().
			$error->add( 'empty_username', __( '<strong>Error:</strong> The email field is empty.' ) );
		}

		if ( empty( $password ) ) {
			$error->add( 'empty_password', __( '<strong>Error:</strong> The password field is empty.' ) );
		}

		return $error;
	}

	if ( ! is_email( $email ) ) {
		return $user;
	}

	$user = get_user_by( 'email', $email );

	if ( ! $user ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			'invalid_email',
			__( 'Unknown email address. Check again or try your username.' )
		);
	}

	/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/user.php */
	$user = apply_filters( 'wp_authenticate_user', $user, $password );

	if ( is_wp_error( $user ) ) {
		return $user;
	}

	if ( ! wp_check_password( $password, $user->user_pass, $user->ID ) ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			'incorrect_password',
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: Email address. */
				__( '<strong>Error:</strong> The password you entered for the email address %s is incorrect.' ),
				'<strong>' . $email . '</strong>'
			) .
			' <a href="' . wp_lostpassword_url() . '">' .
			__( 'Lost your password?' ) .
			'</a>'
		);
	}

	return $user;
}

/**
 * Authenticates the user using the WordPress auth cookie.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @global string $auth_secure_cookie
 *
 * @param WP_User|WP_Error|null $user     WP_User or WP_Error object from a previous callback. Default null.
 * @param string                $username Username. If not empty, cancels the cookie authentication.
 * @param string                $password Password. If not empty, cancels the cookie authentication.
 * @return WP_User|WP_Error WP_User on success, WP_Error on failure.
 */
function wp_authenticate_cookie( $user, $username, $password ) {
	if ( $user instanceof WP_User ) {
		return $user;
	}

	if ( empty( $username ) && empty( $password ) ) {
		$user_id = wp_validate_auth_cookie();
		if ( $user_id ) {
			return new WP_User( $user_id );
		}

		global $auth_secure_cookie;

		if ( $auth_secure_cookie ) {
			$auth_cookie = SECURE_AUTH_COOKIE;
		} else {
			$auth_cookie = AUTH_COOKIE;
		}

		if ( ! empty( $_COOKIE[ $auth_cookie ] ) ) {
			return new WP_Error( 'expired_session', __( 'Please log in again.' ) );
		}

		// If the cookie is not set, be silent.
	}

	return $user;
}

/**
 * Authenticates the user using an application password.
 *
 * @since 5.6.0
 *
 * @param WP_User|WP_Error|null $input_user WP_User or WP_Error object if a previous
 *                                          callback failed authentication.
 * @param string                $username   Username for authentication.
 * @param string                $password   Password for authentication.
 * @return WP_User|WP_Error|null WP_User on success, WP_Error on failure, null if
 *                               null is passed in and this isn't an API request.
 */
function wp_authenticate_application_password( $input_user, $username, $password ) {
	if ( $input_user instanceof WP_User ) {
		return $input_user;
	}

	if ( ! WP_Application_Passwords::is_in_use() ) {
		return $input_user;
	}

	$is_api_request = ( ( defined( 'XMLRPC_REQUEST' ) && XMLRPC_REQUEST ) || ( defined( 'REST_REQUEST' ) && REST_REQUEST ) );

	/**
	 * Filters whether this is an API request that Application Passwords can be used on.
	 *
	 * By default, Application Passwords is available for the REST API and XML-RPC.
	 *
	 * @since 5.6.0
	 *
	 * @param bool $is_api_request If this is an acceptable API request.
	 */
	$is_api_request = apply_filters( 'application_password_is_api_request', $is_api_request );

	if ( ! $is_api_request ) {
		return $input_user;
	}

	$error = null;
	$user  = get_user_by( 'login', $username );

	if ( ! $user && is_email( $username ) ) {
		$user = get_user_by( 'email', $username );
	}

	// If the login name is invalid, short circuit.
	if ( ! $user ) {
		if ( is_email( $username ) ) {
			$error = new WP_Error(
				'invalid_email',
				__( '<strong>Error:</strong> Unknown email address. Check again or try your username.' )
			);
		} else {
			$error = new WP_Error(
				'invalid_username',
				__( '<strong>Error:</strong> Unknown username. Check again or try your email address.' )
			);
		}
	} elseif ( ! wp_is_application_passwords_available() ) {
		$error = new WP_Error(
			'application_passwords_disabled',
			__( 'Application passwords are not available.' )
		);
	} elseif ( ! wp_is_application_passwords_available_for_user( $user ) ) {
		$error = new WP_Error(
			'application_passwords_disabled_for_user',
			__( 'Application passwords are not available for your account. Please contact the site administrator for assistance.' )
		);
	}

	if ( $error ) {
		/**
		 * Fires when an application password failed to authenticate the user.
		 *
		 * @since 5.6.0
		 *
		 * @param WP_Error $error The authentication error.
		 */
		do_action( 'application_password_failed_authentication', $error );

		return $error;
	}

	/*
	 * Strips out anything non-alphanumeric. This is so passwords can be used with
	 * or without spaces to indicate the groupings for readability.
	 *
	 * Generated application passwords are exclusively alphanumeric.
	 */
	$password = preg_replace( '/[^a-z\d]/i', '', $password );

	$hashed_passwords = WP_Application_Passwords::get_user_application_passwords( $user->ID );

	foreach ( $hashed_passwords as $key => $item ) {
		if ( ! wp_check_password( $password, $item['password'], $user->ID ) ) {
			continue;
		}

		$error = new WP_Error();

		/**
		 * Fires when an application password has been successfully checked as valid.
		 *
		 * This allows for plugins to add additional constraints to prevent an application password from being used.
		 *
		 * @since 5.6.0
		 *
		 * @param WP_Error $error    The error object.
		 * @param WP_User  $user     The user authenticating.
		 * @param array    $item     The details about the application password.
		 * @param string   $password The raw supplied password.
		 */
		do_action( 'wp_authenticate_application_password_errors', $error, $user, $item, $password );

		if ( is_wp_error( $error ) && $error->has_errors() ) {
			/** This action is documented in wp-includes/user.php */
			do_action( 'application_password_failed_authentication', $error );

			return $error;
		}

		WP_Application_Passwords::record_application_password_usage( $user->ID, $item['uuid'] );

		/**
		 * Fires after an application password was used for authentication.
		 *
		 * @since 5.6.0
		 *
		 * @param WP_User $user The user who was authenticated.
		 * @param array   $item The application password used.
		 */
		do_action( 'application_password_did_authenticate', $user, $item );

		return $user;
	}

	$error = new WP_Error(
		'incorrect_password',
		__( 'The provided password is an invalid application password.' )
	);

	/** This action is documented in wp-includes/user.php */
	do_action( 'application_password_failed_authentication', $error );

	return $error;
}

/**
 * Validates the application password credentials passed via Basic Authentication.
 *
 * @since 5.6.0
 *
 * @param int|false $input_user User ID if one has been determined, false otherwise.
 * @return int|false The authenticated user ID if successful, false otherwise.
 */
function wp_validate_application_password( $input_user ) {
	// Don't authenticate twice.
	if ( ! empty( $input_user ) ) {
		return $input_user;
	}

	if ( ! wp_is_application_passwords_available() ) {
		return $input_user;
	}

	// Both $_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_USER'] and $_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_PW'] must be set in order to attempt authentication.
	if ( ! isset( $_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_USER'], $_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_PW'] ) ) {
		return $input_user;
	}

	$authenticated = wp_authenticate_application_password( null, $_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_USER'], $_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_PW'] );

	if ( $authenticated instanceof WP_User ) {
		return $authenticated->ID;
	}

	// If it wasn't a user what got returned, just pass on what we had received originally.
	return $input_user;
}

/**
 * For Multisite blogs, checks if the authenticated user has been marked as a
 * spammer, or if the user's primary blog has been marked as spam.
 *
 * @since 3.7.0
 *
 * @param WP_User|WP_Error|null $user WP_User or WP_Error object from a previous callback. Default null.
 * @return WP_User|WP_Error WP_User on success, WP_Error if the user is considered a spammer.
 */
function wp_authenticate_spam_check( $user ) {
	if ( $user instanceof WP_User && is_multisite() ) {
		/**
		 * Filters whether the user has been marked as a spammer.
		 *
		 * @since 3.7.0
		 *
		 * @param bool    $spammed Whether the user is considered a spammer.
		 * @param WP_User $user    User to check against.
		 */
		$spammed = apply_filters( 'check_is_user_spammed', is_user_spammy( $user ), $user );

		if ( $spammed ) {
			return new WP_Error( 'spammer_account', __( '<strong>Error:</strong> Your account has been marked as a spammer.' ) );
		}
	}
	return $user;
}

/**
 * Validates the logged-in cookie.
 *
 * Checks the logged-in cookie if the previous auth cookie could not be
 * validated and parsed.
 *
 * This is a callback for the {@see 'determine_current_user'} filter, rather than API.
 *
 * @since 3.9.0
 *
 * @param int|false $user_id The user ID (or false) as received from
 *                           the `determine_current_user` filter.
 * @return int|false User ID if validated, false otherwise. If a user ID from
 *                   an earlier filter callback is received, that value is returned.
 */
function wp_validate_logged_in_cookie( $user_id ) {
	if ( $user_id ) {
		return $user_id;
	}

	if ( is_blog_admin() || is_network_admin() || empty( $_COOKIE[ LOGGED_IN_COOKIE ] ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	return wp_validate_auth_cookie( $_COOKIE[ LOGGED_IN_COOKIE ], 'logged_in' );
}

/**
 * Gets the number of posts a user has written.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 * @since 4.1.0 Added `$post_type` argument.
 * @since 4.3.0 Added `$public_only` argument. Added the ability to pass an array
 *              of post types to `$post_type`.
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int          $userid      User ID.
 * @param array|string $post_type   Optional. Single post type or array of post types to count the number of posts for. Default 'post'.
 * @param bool         $public_only Optional. Whether to only return counts for public posts. Default false.
 * @return string Number of posts the user has written in this post type.
 */
function count_user_posts( $userid, $post_type = 'post', $public_only = false ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$where = get_posts_by_author_sql( $post_type, true, $userid, $public_only );

	$count = $wpdb->get_var( "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb->posts $where" );

	/**
	 * Filters the number of posts a user has written.
	 *
	 * @since 2.7.0
	 * @since 4.1.0 Added `$post_type` argument.
	 * @since 4.3.1 Added `$public_only` argument.
	 *
	 * @param int          $count       The user's post count.
	 * @param int          $userid      User ID.
	 * @param string|array $post_type   Single post type or array of post types to count the number of posts for.
	 * @param bool         $public_only Whether to limit counted posts to public posts.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'get_usernumposts', $count, $userid, $post_type, $public_only );
}

/**
 * Gets the number of posts written by a list of users.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int[]           $users       Array of user IDs.
 * @param string|string[] $post_type   Optional. Single post type or array of post types to check. Defaults to 'post'.
 * @param bool            $public_only Optional. Only return counts for public posts.  Defaults to false.
 * @return string[] Amount of posts each user has written, as strings, keyed by user ID.
 */
function count_many_users_posts( $users, $post_type = 'post', $public_only = false ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$count = array();
	if ( empty( $users ) || ! is_array( $users ) ) {
		return $count;
	}

	$userlist = implode( ',', array_map( 'absint', $users ) );
	$where    = get_posts_by_author_sql( $post_type, true, null, $public_only );

	$result = $wpdb->get_results( "SELECT post_author, COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb->posts $where AND post_author IN ($userlist) GROUP BY post_author", ARRAY_N );
	foreach ( $result as $row ) {
		$count[ $row[0] ] = $row[1];
	}

	foreach ( $users as $id ) {
		if ( ! isset( $count[ $id ] ) ) {
			$count[ $id ] = 0;
		}
	}

	return $count;
}

//
// User option functions.
//

/**
 * Gets the current user's ID.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @return int The current user's ID, or 0 if no user is logged in.
 */
function get_current_user_id() {
	if ( ! function_exists( 'wp_get_current_user' ) ) {
		return 0;
	}
	$user = wp_get_current_user();
	return ( isset( $user->ID ) ? (int) $user->ID : 0 );
}

/**
 * Retrieves user option that can be either per Site or per Network.
 *
 * If the user ID is not given, then the current user will be used instead. If
 * the user ID is given, then the user data will be retrieved. The filter for
 * the result, will also pass the original option name and finally the user data
 * object as the third parameter.
 *
 * The option will first check for the per site name and then the per Network name.
 *
 * @since 2.0.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string $option     User option name.
 * @param int    $user       Optional. User ID.
 * @param string $deprecated Use get_option() to check for an option in the options table.
 * @return mixed User option value on success, false on failure.
 */
function get_user_option( $option, $user = 0, $deprecated = '' ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( ! empty( $deprecated ) ) {
		_deprecated_argument( __FUNCTION__, '3.0.0' );
	}

	if ( empty( $user ) ) {
		$user = get_current_user_id();
	}

	$user = get_userdata( $user );
	if ( ! $user ) {
		return false;
	}

	$prefix = $wpdb->get_blog_prefix();
	if ( $user->has_prop( $prefix . $option ) ) { // Blog-specific.
		$result = $user->get( $prefix . $option );
	} elseif ( $user->has_prop( $option ) ) { // User-specific and cross-blog.
		$result = $user->get( $option );
	} else {
		$result = false;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters a specific user option value.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$option`, refers to the user option name.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 * @param mixed   $result Value for the user's option.
	 * @param string  $option Name of the option being retrieved.
	 * @param WP_User $user   WP_User object of the user whose option is being retrieved.
	 */
	return apply_filters( "get_user_option_{$option}", $result, $option, $user );
}

/**
 * Updates user option with global blog capability.
 *
 * User options are just like user metadata except that they have support for
 * global blog options. If the 'is_global' parameter is false, which it is by default,
 * it will prepend the WordPress table prefix to the option name.
 *
 * Deletes the user option if $newvalue is empty.
 *
 * @since 2.0.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int    $user_id     User ID.
 * @param string $option_name User option name.
 * @param mixed  $newvalue    User option value.
 * @param bool   $is_global   Optional. Whether option name is global or blog specific.
 *                            Default false (blog specific).
 * @return int|bool User meta ID if the option didn't exist, true on successful update,
 *                  false on failure.
 */
function update_user_option( $user_id, $option_name, $newvalue, $is_global = false ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( ! $is_global ) {
		$option_name = $wpdb->get_blog_prefix() . $option_name;
	}

	return update_user_meta( $user_id, $option_name, $newvalue );
}

/**
 * Deletes user option with global blog capability.
 *
 * User options are just like user metadata except that they have support for
 * global blog options. If the 'is_global' parameter is false, which it is by default,
 * it will prepend the WordPress table prefix to the option name.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int    $user_id     User ID
 * @param string $option_name User option name.
 * @param bool   $is_global   Optional. Whether option name is global or blog specific.
 *                            Default false (blog specific).
 * @return bool True on success, false on failure.
 */
function delete_user_option( $user_id, $option_name, $is_global = false ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( ! $is_global ) {
		$option_name = $wpdb->get_blog_prefix() . $option_name;
	}

	return delete_user_meta( $user_id, $option_name );
}

/**
 * Retrieves list of users matching criteria.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 *
 * @see WP_User_Query
 *
 * @param array $args Optional. Arguments to retrieve users. See WP_User_Query::prepare_query()
 *                    for more information on accepted arguments.
 * @return array List of users.
 */
function get_users( $args = array() ) {

	$args                = wp_parse_args( $args );
	$args['count_total'] = false;

	$user_search = new WP_User_Query( $args );

	return (array) $user_search->get_results();
}

/**
 * Lists all the users of the site, with several options available.
 *
 * @since 5.9.0
 *
 * @param string|array $args {
 *     Optional. Array or string of default arguments.
 *
 *     @type string $orderby       How to sort the users. Accepts 'nicename', 'email', 'url', 'registered',
 *                                 'user_nicename', 'user_email', 'user_url', 'user_registered', 'name',
 *                                 'display_name', 'post_count', 'ID', 'meta_value', 'user_login'. Default 'name'.
 *     @type string $order         Sorting direction for $orderby. Accepts 'ASC', 'DESC'. Default 'ASC'.
 *     @type int    $number        Maximum users to return or display. Default empty (all users).
 *     @type bool   $exclude_admin Whether to exclude the 'admin' account, if it exists. Default false.
 *     @type bool   $show_fullname Whether to show the user's full name. Default false.
 *     @type string $feed          If not empty, show a link to the user's feed and use this text as the alt
 *                                 parameter of the link. Default empty.
 *     @type string $feed_image    If not empty, show a link to the user's feed and use this image URL as
 *                                 clickable anchor. Default empty.
 *     @type string $feed_type     The feed type to link to, such as 'rss2'. Defaults to default feed type.
 *     @type bool   $echo          Whether to output the result or instead return it. Default true.
 *     @type string $style         If 'list', each user is wrapped in an `<li>` element, otherwise the users
 *                                 will be separated by commas.
 *     @type bool   $html          Whether to list the items in HTML form or plaintext. Default true.
 *     @type string $exclude       An array, comma-, or space-separated list of user IDs to exclude. Default empty.
 *     @type string $include       An array, comma-, or space-separated list of user IDs to include. Default empty.
 * }
 * @return string|null The output if echo is false. Otherwise null.
 */
function wp_list_users( $args = array() ) {
	$defaults = array(
		'orderby'       => 'name',
		'order'         => 'ASC',
		'number'        => '',
		'exclude_admin' => true,
		'show_fullname' => false,
		'feed'          => '',
		'feed_image'    => '',
		'feed_type'     => '',
		'echo'          => true,
		'style'         => 'list',
		'html'          => true,
		'exclude'       => '',
		'include'       => '',
	);

	$parsed_args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );

	$return = '';

	$query_args           = wp_array_slice_assoc( $parsed_args, array( 'orderby', 'order', 'number', 'exclude', 'include' ) );
	$query_args['fields'] = 'ids';

	/**
	 * Filters the query arguments for the list of all users of the site.
	 *
	 * @since 6.1.0
	 *
	 * @param array $query_args  The query arguments for get_users().
	 * @param array $parsed_args The arguments passed to wp_list_users() combined with the defaults.
	 */
	$query_args = apply_filters( 'wp_list_users_args', $query_args, $parsed_args );

	$users = get_users( $query_args );

	foreach ( $users as $user_id ) {
		$user = get_userdata( $user_id );

		if ( $parsed_args['exclude_admin'] && 'admin' === $user->display_name ) {
			continue;
		}

		if ( $parsed_args['show_fullname'] && '' !== $user->first_name && '' !== $user->last_name ) {
			$name = sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: User's first name, 2: Last name. */
				_x( '%1$s %2$s', 'Display name based on first name and last name' ),
				$user->first_name,
				$user->last_name
			);
		} else {
			$name = $user->display_name;
		}

		if ( ! $parsed_args['html'] ) {
			$return .= $name . ', ';

			continue; // No need to go further to process HTML.
		}

		if ( 'list' === $parsed_args['style'] ) {
			$return .= '<li>';
		}

		$row = $name;

		if ( ! empty( $parsed_args['feed_image'] ) || ! empty( $parsed_args['feed'] ) ) {
			$row .= ' ';
			if ( empty( $parsed_args['feed_image'] ) ) {
				$row .= '(';
			}

			$row .= '<a href="' . get_author_feed_link( $user->ID, $parsed_args['feed_type'] ) . '"';

			$alt = '';
			if ( ! empty( $parsed_args['feed'] ) ) {
				$alt  = ' alt="' . esc_attr( $parsed_args['feed'] ) . '"';
				$name = $parsed_args['feed'];
			}

			$row .= '>';

			if ( ! empty( $parsed_args['feed_image'] ) ) {
				$row .= '<img src="' . esc_url( $parsed_args['feed_image'] ) . '" style="border: none;"' . $alt . ' />';
			} else {
				$row .= $name;
			}

			$row .= '</a>';

			if ( empty( $parsed_args['feed_image'] ) ) {
				$row .= ')';
			}
		}

		$return .= $row;
		$return .= ( 'list' === $parsed_args['style'] ) ? '</li>' : ', ';
	}

	$return = rtrim( $return, ', ' );

	if ( ! $parsed_args['echo'] ) {
		return $return;
	}
	echo $return;
}

/**
 * Gets the sites a user belongs to.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 * @since 4.7.0 Converted to use `get_sites()`.
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int  $user_id User ID
 * @param bool $all     Whether to retrieve all sites, or only sites that are not
 *                      marked as deleted, archived, or spam.
 * @return object[] A list of the user's sites. An empty array if the user doesn't exist
 *                  or belongs to no sites.
 */
function get_blogs_of_user( $user_id, $all = false ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$user_id = (int) $user_id;

	// Logged out users can't have sites.
	if ( empty( $user_id ) ) {
		return array();
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the list of a user's sites before it is populated.
	 *
	 * Returning a non-null value from the filter will effectively short circuit
	 * get_blogs_of_user(), returning that value instead.
	 *
	 * @since 4.6.0
	 *
	 * @param null|object[] $sites   An array of site objects of which the user is a member.
	 * @param int           $user_id User ID.
	 * @param bool          $all     Whether the returned array should contain all sites, including
	 *                               those marked 'deleted', 'archived', or 'spam'. Default false.
	 */
	$sites = apply_filters( 'pre_get_blogs_of_user', null, $user_id, $all );

	if ( null !== $sites ) {
		return $sites;
	}

	$keys = get_user_meta( $user_id );
	if ( empty( $keys ) ) {
		return array();
	}

	if ( ! is_multisite() ) {
		$site_id                        = get_current_blog_id();
		$sites                          = array( $site_id => new stdClass() );
		$sites[ $site_id ]->userblog_id = $site_id;
		$sites[ $site_id ]->blogname    = get_option( 'blogname' );
		$sites[ $site_id ]->domain      = '';
		$sites[ $site_id ]->path        = '';
		$sites[ $site_id ]->site_id     = 1;
		$sites[ $site_id ]->siteurl     = get_option( 'siteurl' );
		$sites[ $site_id ]->archived    = 0;
		$sites[ $site_id ]->spam        = 0;
		$sites[ $site_id ]->deleted     = 0;
		return $sites;
	}

	$site_ids = array();

	if ( isset( $keys[ $wpdb->base_prefix . 'capabilities' ] ) && defined( 'MULTISITE' ) ) {
		$site_ids[] = 1;
		unset( $keys[ $wpdb->base_prefix . 'capabilities' ] );
	}

	$keys = array_keys( $keys );

	foreach ( $keys as $key ) {
		if ( 'capabilities' !== substr( $key, -12 ) ) {
			continue;
		}
		if ( $wpdb->base_prefix && 0 !== strpos( $key, $wpdb->base_prefix ) ) {
			continue;
		}
		$site_id = str_replace( array( $wpdb->base_prefix, '_capabilities' ), '', $key );
		if ( ! is_numeric( $site_id ) ) {
			continue;
		}

		$site_ids[] = (int) $site_id;
	}

	$sites = array();

	if ( ! empty( $site_ids ) ) {
		$args = array(
			'number'                 => '',
			'site__in'               => $site_ids,
			'update_site_meta_cache' => false,
		);
		if ( ! $all ) {
			$args['archived'] = 0;
			$args['spam']     = 0;
			$args['deleted']  = 0;
		}

		$_sites = get_sites( $args );

		foreach ( $_sites as $site ) {
			$sites[ $site->id ] = (object) array(
				'userblog_id' => $site->id,
				'blogname'    => $site->blogname,
				'domain'      => $site->domain,
				'path'        => $site->path,
				'site_id'     => $site->network_id,
				'siteurl'     => $site->siteurl,
				'archived'    => $site->archived,
				'mature'      => $site->mature,
				'spam'        => $site->spam,
				'deleted'     => $site->deleted,
			);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the list of sites a user belongs to.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param object[] $sites   An array of site objects belonging to the user.
	 * @param int      $user_id User ID.
	 * @param bool     $all     Whether the returned sites array should contain all sites, including
	 *                          those marked 'deleted', 'archived', or 'spam'. Default false.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'get_blogs_of_user', $sites, $user_id, $all );
}

/**
 * Finds out whether a user is a member of a given blog.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int $user_id Optional. The unique ID of the user. Defaults to the current user.
 * @param int $blog_id Optional. ID of the blog to check. Defaults to the current site.
 * @return bool
 */
function is_user_member_of_blog( $user_id = 0, $blog_id = 0 ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$user_id = (int) $user_id;
	$blog_id = (int) $blog_id;

	if ( empty( $user_id ) ) {
		$user_id = get_current_user_id();
	}

	// Technically not needed, but does save calls to get_site() and get_user_meta()
	// in the event that the function is called when a user isn't logged in.
	if ( empty( $user_id ) ) {
		return false;
	} else {
		$user = get_userdata( $user_id );
		if ( ! $user instanceof WP_User ) {
			return false;
		}
	}

	if ( ! is_multisite() ) {
		return true;
	}

	if ( empty( $blog_id ) ) {
		$blog_id = get_current_blog_id();
	}

	$blog = get_site( $blog_id );

	if ( ! $blog || ! isset( $blog->domain ) || $blog->archived || $blog->spam || $blog->deleted ) {
		return false;
	}

	$keys = get_user_meta( $user_id );
	if ( empty( $keys ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	// No underscore before capabilities in $base_capabilities_key.
	$base_capabilities_key = $wpdb->base_prefix . 'capabilities';
	$site_capabilities_key = $wpdb->base_prefix . $blog_id . '_capabilities';

	if ( isset( $keys[ $base_capabilities_key ] ) && 1 == $blog_id ) {
		return true;
	}

	if ( isset( $keys[ $site_capabilities_key ] ) ) {
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

/**
 * Adds meta data to a user.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @param int    $user_id    User ID.
 * @param string $meta_key   Metadata name.
 * @param mixed  $meta_value Metadata value. Must be serializable if non-scalar.
 * @param bool   $unique     Optional. Whether the same key should not be added.
 *                           Default false.
 * @return int|false Meta ID on success, false on failure.
 */
function add_user_meta( $user_id, $meta_key, $meta_value, $unique = false ) {
	return add_metadata( 'user', $user_id, $meta_key, $meta_value, $unique );
}

/**
 * Removes metadata matching criteria from a user.
 *
 * You can match based on the key, or key and value. Removing based on key and
 * value, will keep from removing duplicate metadata with the same key. It also
 * allows removing all metadata matching key, if needed.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @link https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/delete_user_meta/
 *
 * @param int    $user_id    User ID
 * @param string $meta_key   Metadata name.
 * @param mixed  $meta_value Optional. Metadata value. If provided,
 *                           rows will only be removed that match the value.
 *                           Must be serializable if non-scalar. Default empty.
 * @return bool True on success, false on failure.
 */
function delete_user_meta( $user_id, $meta_key, $meta_value = '' ) {
	return delete_metadata( 'user', $user_id, $meta_key, $meta_value );
}

/**
 * Retrieves user meta field for a user.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @link https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/get_user_meta/
 *
 * @param int    $user_id User ID.
 * @param string $key     Optional. The meta key to retrieve. By default,
 *                        returns data for all keys.
 * @param bool   $single  Optional. Whether to return a single value.
 *                        This parameter has no effect if `$key` is not specified.
 *                        Default false.
 * @return mixed An array of values if `$single` is false.
 *               The value of meta data field if `$single` is true.
 *               False for an invalid `$user_id` (non-numeric, zero, or negative value).
 *               An empty string if a valid but non-existing user ID is passed.
 */
function get_user_meta( $user_id, $key = '', $single = false ) {
	return get_metadata( 'user', $user_id, $key, $single );
}

/**
 * Updates user meta field based on user ID.
 *
 * Use the $prev_value parameter to differentiate between meta fields with the
 * same key and user ID.
 *
 * If the meta field for the user does not exist, it will be added.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @link https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/update_user_meta/
 *
 * @param int    $user_id    User ID.
 * @param string $meta_key   Metadata key.
 * @param mixed  $meta_value Metadata value. Must be serializable if non-scalar.
 * @param mixed  $prev_value Optional. Previous value to check before updating.
 *                           If specified, only update existing metadata entries with
 *                           this value. Otherwise, update all entries. Default empty.
 * @return int|bool Meta ID if the key didn't exist, true on successful update,
 *                  false on failure or if the value passed to the function
 *                  is the same as the one that is already in the database.
 */
function update_user_meta( $user_id, $meta_key, $meta_value, $prev_value = '' ) {
	return update_metadata( 'user', $user_id, $meta_key, $meta_value, $prev_value );
}

/**
 * Counts number of users who have each of the user roles.
 *
 * Assumes there are neither duplicated nor orphaned capabilities meta_values.
 * Assumes role names are unique phrases. Same assumption made by WP_User_Query::prepare_query()
 * Using $strategy = 'time' this is CPU-intensive and should handle around 10^7 users.
 * Using $strategy = 'memory' this is memory-intensive and should handle around 10^5 users, but see WP Bug #12257.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 * @since 4.4.0 The number of users with no role is now included in the `none` element.
 * @since 4.9.0 The `$site_id` parameter was added to support multisite.
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string   $strategy Optional. The computational strategy to use when counting the users.
 *                           Accepts either 'time' or 'memory'. Default 'time'.
 * @param int|null $site_id  Optional. The site ID to count users for. Defaults to the current site.
 * @return array {
 *     User counts.
 *
 *     @type int   $total_users Total number of users on the site.
 *     @type int[] $avail_roles Array of user counts keyed by user role.
 * }
 */
function count_users( $strategy = 'time', $site_id = null ) {
	global $wpdb;

	// Initialize.
	if ( ! $site_id ) {
		$site_id = get_current_blog_id();
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the user count before queries are run.
	 *
	 * Return a non-null value to cause count_users() to return early.
	 *
	 * @since 5.1.0
	 *
	 * @param null|array $result   The value to return instead. Default null to continue with the query.
	 * @param string     $strategy Optional. The computational strategy to use when counting the users.
	 *                             Accepts either 'time' or 'memory'. Default 'time'.
	 * @param int        $site_id  The site ID to count users for.
	 */
	$pre = apply_filters( 'pre_count_users', null, $strategy, $site_id );

	if ( null !== $pre ) {
		return $pre;
	}

	$blog_prefix = $wpdb->get_blog_prefix( $site_id );
	$result      = array();

	if ( 'time' === $strategy ) {
		if ( is_multisite() && get_current_blog_id() != $site_id ) {
			switch_to_blog( $site_id );
			$avail_roles = wp_roles()->get_names();
			restore_current_blog();
		} else {
			$avail_roles = wp_roles()->get_names();
		}

		// Build a CPU-intensive query that will return concise information.
		$select_count = array();
		foreach ( $avail_roles as $this_role => $name ) {
			$select_count[] = $wpdb->prepare( 'COUNT(NULLIF(`meta_value` LIKE %s, false))', '%' . $wpdb->esc_like( '"' . $this_role . '"' ) . '%' );
		}
		$select_count[] = "COUNT(NULLIF(`meta_value` = 'a:0:{}', false))";
		$select_count   = implode( ', ', $select_count );

		// Add the meta_value index to the selection list, then run the query.
		$row = $wpdb->get_row(
			"
			SELECT {$select_count}, COUNT(*)
			FROM {$wpdb->usermeta}
			INNER JOIN {$wpdb->users} ON user_id = ID
			WHERE meta_key = '{$blog_prefix}capabilities'
		",
			ARRAY_N
		);

		// Run the previous loop again to associate results with role names.
		$col         = 0;
		$role_counts = array();
		foreach ( $avail_roles as $this_role => $name ) {
			$count = (int) $row[ $col++ ];
			if ( $count > 0 ) {
				$role_counts[ $this_role ] = $count;
			}
		}

		$role_counts['none'] = (int) $row[ $col++ ];

		// Get the meta_value index from the end of the result set.
		$total_users = (int) $row[ $col ];

		$result['total_users'] = $total_users;
		$result['avail_roles'] =& $role_counts;
	} else {
		$avail_roles = array(
			'none' => 0,
		);

		$users_of_blog = $wpdb->get_col(
			"
			SELECT meta_value
			FROM {$wpdb->usermeta}
			INNER JOIN {$wpdb->users} ON user_id = ID
			WHERE meta_key = '{$blog_prefix}capabilities'
		"
		);

		foreach ( $users_of_blog as $caps_meta ) {
			$b_roles = maybe_unserialize( $caps_meta );
			if ( ! is_array( $b_roles ) ) {
				continue;
			}
			if ( empty( $b_roles ) ) {
				$avail_roles['none']++;
			}
			foreach ( $b_roles as $b_role => $val ) {
				if ( isset( $avail_roles[ $b_role ] ) ) {
					$avail_roles[ $b_role ]++;
				} else {
					$avail_roles[ $b_role ] = 1;
				}
			}
		}

		$result['total_users'] = count( $users_of_blog );
		$result['avail_roles'] =& $avail_roles;
	}

	return $result;
}

/**
 * Returns the number of active users in your installation.
 *
 * Note that on a large site the count may be cached and only updated twice daily.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 * @since 4.8.0 The `$network_id` parameter has been added.
 * @since 6.0.0 Moved to wp-includes/user.php.
 *
 * @param int|null $network_id ID of the network. Defaults to the current network.
 * @return int Number of active users on the network.
 */
function get_user_count( $network_id = null ) {
	if ( ! is_multisite() && null !== $network_id ) {
		_doing_it_wrong(
			__FUNCTION__,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: $network_id */
				__( 'Unable to pass %s if not using multisite.' ),
				'<code>$network_id</code>'
			),
			'6.0.0'
		);
	}

	return (int) get_network_option( $network_id, 'user_count', -1 );
}

/**
 * Updates the total count of users on the site if live user counting is enabled.
 *
 * @since 6.0.0
 *
 * @param int|null $network_id ID of the network. Defaults to the current network.
 * @return bool Whether the update was successful.
 */
function wp_maybe_update_user_counts( $network_id = null ) {
	if ( ! is_multisite() && null !== $network_id ) {
		_doing_it_wrong(
			__FUNCTION__,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: $network_id */
				__( 'Unable to pass %s if not using multisite.' ),
				'<code>$network_id</code>'
			),
			'6.0.0'
		);
	}

	$is_small_network = ! wp_is_large_user_count( $network_id );
	/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/ms-functions.php */
	if ( ! apply_filters( 'enable_live_network_counts', $is_small_network, 'users' ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	return wp_update_user_counts( $network_id );
}

/**
 * Updates the total count of users on the site.
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 * @since 6.0.0
 *
 * @param int|null $network_id ID of the network. Defaults to the current network.
 * @return bool Whether the update was successful.
 */
function wp_update_user_counts( $network_id = null ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( ! is_multisite() && null !== $network_id ) {
		_doing_it_wrong(
			__FUNCTION__,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: $network_id */
				__( 'Unable to pass %s if not using multisite.' ),
				'<code>$network_id</code>'
			),
			'6.0.0'
		);
	}

	$query = "SELECT COUNT(ID) as c FROM $wpdb->users";
	if ( is_multisite() ) {
		$query .= " WHERE spam = '0' AND deleted = '0'";
	}

	$count = $wpdb->get_var( $query );

	return update_network_option( $network_id, 'user_count', $count );
}

/**
 * Schedules a recurring recalculation of the total count of users.
 *
 * @since 6.0.0
 */
function wp_schedule_update_user_counts() {
	if ( ! is_main_site() ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( ! wp_next_scheduled( 'wp_update_user_counts' ) && ! wp_installing() ) {
		wp_schedule_event( time(), 'twicedaily', 'wp_update_user_counts' );
	}
}

/**
 * Determines whether the site has a large number of users.
 *
 * The default criteria for a large site is more than 10,000 users.
 *
 * @since 6.0.0
 *
 * @param int|null $network_id ID of the network. Defaults to the current network.
 * @return bool Whether the site has a large number of users.
 */
function wp_is_large_user_count( $network_id = null ) {
	if ( ! is_multisite() && null !== $network_id ) {
		_doing_it_wrong(
			__FUNCTION__,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: $network_id */
				__( 'Unable to pass %s if not using multisite.' ),
				'<code>$network_id</code>'
			),
			'6.0.0'
		);
	}

	$count = get_user_count( $network_id );

	/**
	 * Filters whether the site is considered large, based on its number of users.
	 *
	 * @since 6.0.0
	 *
	 * @param bool     $is_large_user_count Whether the site has a large number of users.
	 * @param int      $count               The total number of users.
	 * @param int|null $network_id          ID of the network. `null` represents the current network.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'wp_is_large_user_count', $count > 10000, $count, $network_id );
}

//
// Private helper functions.
//

/**
 * Sets up global user vars.
 *
 * Used by wp_set_current_user() for back compat. Might be deprecated in the future.
 *
 * @since 2.0.4
 *
 * @global string  $user_login    The user username for logging in
 * @global WP_User $userdata      User data.
 * @global int     $user_level    The level of the user
 * @global int     $user_ID       The ID of the user
 * @global string  $user_email    The email address of the user
 * @global string  $user_url      The url in the user's profile
 * @global string  $user_identity The display name of the user
 *
 * @param int $for_user_id Optional. User ID to set up global data. Default 0.
 */
function setup_userdata( $for_user_id = 0 ) {
	global $user_login, $userdata, $user_level, $user_ID, $user_email, $user_url, $user_identity;

	if ( ! $for_user_id ) {
		$for_user_id = get_current_user_id();
	}
	$user = get_userdata( $for_user_id );

	if ( ! $user ) {
		$user_ID       = 0;
		$user_level    = 0;
		$userdata      = null;
		$user_login    = '';
		$user_email    = '';
		$user_url      = '';
		$user_identity = '';
		return;
	}

	$user_ID       = (int) $user->ID;
	$user_level    = (int) $user->user_level;
	$userdata      = $user;
	$user_login    = $user->user_login;
	$user_email    = $user->user_email;
	$user_url      = $user->user_url;
	$user_identity = $user->display_name;
}

/**
 * Creates dropdown HTML content of users.
 *
 * The content can either be displayed, which it is by default or retrieved by
 * setting the 'echo' argument. The 'include' and 'exclude' arguments do not
 * need to be used; all users will be displayed in that case. Only one can be
 * used, either 'include' or 'exclude', but not both.
 *
 * The available arguments are as follows:
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 * @since 4.5.0 Added the 'display_name_with_login' value for 'show'.
 * @since 4.7.0 Added the `$role`, `$role__in`, and `$role__not_in` parameters.
 *
 * @param array|string $args {
 *     Optional. Array or string of arguments to generate a drop-down of users.
 *     See WP_User_Query::prepare_query() for additional available arguments.
 *
 *     @type string       $show_option_all         Text to show as the drop-down default (all).
 *                                                 Default empty.
 *     @type string       $show_option_none        Text to show as the drop-down default when no
 *                                                 users were found. Default empty.
 *     @type int|string   $option_none_value       Value to use for $show_option_none when no users
 *                                                 were found. Default -1.
 *     @type string       $hide_if_only_one_author Whether to skip generating the drop-down
 *                                                 if only one user was found. Default empty.
 *     @type string       $orderby                 Field to order found users by. Accepts user fields.
 *                                                 Default 'display_name'.
 *     @type string       $order                   Whether to order users in ascending or descending
 *                                                 order. Accepts 'ASC' (ascending) or 'DESC' (descending).
 *                                                 Default 'ASC'.
 *     @type int[]|string $include                 Array or comma-separated list of user IDs to include.
 *                                                 Default empty.
 *     @type int[]|string $exclude                 Array or comma-separated list of user IDs to exclude.
 *                                                 Default empty.
 *     @type bool|int     $multi                   Whether to skip the ID attribute on the 'select' element.
 *                                                 Accepts 1|true or 0|false. Default 0|false.
 *     @type string       $show                    User data to display. If the selected item is empty
 *                                                 then the 'user_login' will be displayed in parentheses.
 *                                                 Accepts any user field, or 'display_name_with_login' to show
 *                                                 the display name with user_login in parentheses.
 *                                                 Default 'display_name'.
 *     @type int|bool     $echo                    Whether to echo or return the drop-down. Accepts 1|true (echo)
 *                                                 or 0|false (return). Default 1|true.
 *     @type int          $selected                Which user ID should be selected. Default 0.
 *     @type bool         $include_selected        Whether to always include the selected user ID in the drop-
 *                                                 down. Default false.
 *     @type string       $name                    Name attribute of select element. Default 'user'.
 *     @type string       $id                      ID attribute of the select element. Default is the value of $name.
 *     @type string       $class                   Class attribute of the select element. Default empty.
 *     @type int          $blog_id                 ID of blog (Multisite only). Default is ID of the current blog.
 *     @type string       $who                     Which type of users to query. Accepts only an empty string or
 *                                                 'authors'. Default empty.
 *     @type string|array $role                    An array or a comma-separated list of role names that users must
 *                                                 match to be included in results. Note that this is an inclusive
 *                                                 list: users must match *each* role. Default empty.
 *     @type string[]     $role__in                An array of role names. Matched users must have at least one of
 *                                                 these roles. Default empty array.
 *     @type string[]     $role__not_in            An array of role names to exclude. Users matching one or more of
 *                                                 these roles will not be included in results. Default empty array.
 * }
 * @return string HTML dropdown list of users.
 */
function wp_dropdown_users( $args = '' ) {
	$defaults = array(
		'show_option_all'         => '',
		'show_option_none'        => '',
		'hide_if_only_one_author' => '',
		'orderby'                 => 'display_name',
		'order'                   => 'ASC',
		'include'                 => '',
		'exclude'                 => '',
		'multi'                   => 0,
		'show'                    => 'display_name',
		'echo'                    => 1,
		'selected'                => 0,
		'name'                    => 'user',
		'class'                   => '',
		'id'                      => '',
		'blog_id'                 => get_current_blog_id(),
		'who'                     => '',
		'include_selected'        => false,
		'option_none_value'       => -1,
		'role'                    => '',
		'role__in'                => array(),
		'role__not_in'            => array(),
		'capability'              => '',
		'capability__in'          => array(),
		'capability__not_in'      => array(),
	);

	$defaults['selected'] = is_author() ? get_query_var( 'author' ) : 0;

	$parsed_args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );

	$query_args = wp_array_slice_assoc(
		$parsed_args,
		array(
			'blog_id',
			'include',
			'exclude',
			'orderby',
			'order',
			'who',
			'role',
			'role__in',
			'role__not_in',
			'capability',
			'capability__in',
			'capability__not_in',
		)
	);

	$fields = array( 'ID', 'user_login' );

	$show = ! empty( $parsed_args['show'] ) ? $parsed_args['show'] : 'display_name';
	if ( 'display_name_with_login' === $show ) {
		$fields[] = 'display_name';
	} else {
		$fields[] = $show;
	}

	$query_args['fields'] = $fields;

	$show_option_all   = $parsed_args['show_option_all'];
	$show_option_none  = $parsed_args['show_option_none'];
	$option_none_value = $parsed_args['option_none_value'];

	/**
	 * Filters the query arguments for the list of users in the dropdown.
	 *
	 * @since 4.4.0
	 *
	 * @param array $query_args  The query arguments for get_users().
	 * @param array $parsed_args The arguments passed to wp_dropdown_users() combined with the defaults.
	 */
	$query_args = apply_filters( 'wp_dropdown_users_args', $query_args, $parsed_args );

	$users = get_users( $query_args );

	$output = '';
	if ( ! empty( $users ) && ( empty( $parsed_args['hide_if_only_one_author'] ) || count( $users ) > 1 ) ) {
		$name = esc_attr( $parsed_args['name'] );
		if ( $parsed_args['multi'] && ! $parsed_args['id'] ) {
			$id = '';
		} else {
			$id = $parsed_args['id'] ? " id='" . esc_attr( $parsed_args['id'] ) . "'" : " id='$name'";
		}
		$output = "<select name='{$name}'{$id} class='" . $parsed_args['class'] . "'>\n";

		if ( $show_option_all ) {
			$output .= "\t<option value='0'>$show_option_all</option>\n";
		}

		if ( $show_option_none ) {
			$_selected = selected( $option_none_value, $parsed_args['selected'], false );
			$output   .= "\t<option value='" . esc_attr( $option_none_value ) . "'$_selected>$show_option_none</option>\n";
		}

		if ( $parsed_args['include_selected'] && ( $parsed_args['selected'] > 0 ) ) {
			$found_selected          = false;
			$parsed_args['selected'] = (int) $parsed_args['selected'];

			foreach ( (array) $users as $user ) {
				$user->ID = (int) $user->ID;
				if ( $user->ID === $parsed_args['selected'] ) {
					$found_selected = true;
				}
			}

			if ( ! $found_selected ) {
				$selected_user = get_userdata( $parsed_args['selected'] );
				if ( $selected_user ) {
					$users[] = $selected_user;
				}
			}
		}

		foreach ( (array) $users as $user ) {
			if ( 'display_name_with_login' === $show ) {
				/* translators: 1: User's display name, 2: User login. */
				$display = sprintf( _x( '%1$s (%2$s)', 'user dropdown' ), $user->display_name, $user->user_login );
			} elseif ( ! empty( $user->$show ) ) {
				$display = $user->$show;
			} else {
				$display = '(' . $user->user_login . ')';
			}

			$_selected = selected( $user->ID, $parsed_args['selected'], false );
			$output   .= "\t<option value='$user->ID'$_selected>" . esc_html( $display ) . "</option>\n";
		}

		$output .= '</select>';
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the wp_dropdown_users() HTML output.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @param string $output HTML output generated by wp_dropdown_users().
	 */
	$html = apply_filters( 'wp_dropdown_users', $output );

	if ( $parsed_args['echo'] ) {
		echo $html;
	}
	return $html;
}

/**
 * Sanitizes user field based on context.
 *
 * Possible context values are:  'raw', 'edit', 'db', 'display', 'attribute' and 'js'. The
 * 'display' context is used by default. 'attribute' and 'js' contexts are treated like 'display'
 * when calling filters.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param string $field   The user Object field name.
 * @param mixed  $value   The user Object value.
 * @param int    $user_id User ID.
 * @param string $context How to sanitize user fields. Looks for 'raw', 'edit', 'db', 'display',
 *                        'attribute' and 'js'.
 * @return mixed Sanitized value.
 */
function sanitize_user_field( $field, $value, $user_id, $context ) {
	$int_fields = array( 'ID' );
	if ( in_array( $field, $int_fields, true ) ) {
		$value = (int) $value;
	}

	if ( 'raw' === $context ) {
		return $value;
	}

	if ( ! is_string( $value ) && ! is_numeric( $value ) ) {
		return $value;
	}

	$prefixed = false !== strpos( $field, 'user_' );

	if ( 'edit' === $context ) {
		if ( $prefixed ) {

			/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/post.php */
			$value = apply_filters( "edit_{$field}", $value, $user_id );
		} else {

			/**
			 * Filters a user field value in the 'edit' context.
			 *
			 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$field`, refers to the prefixed user
			 * field being filtered, such as 'user_login', 'user_email', 'first_name', etc.
			 *
			 * @since 2.9.0
			 *
			 * @param mixed $value   Value of the prefixed user field.
			 * @param int   $user_id User ID.
			 */
			$value = apply_filters( "edit_user_{$field}", $value, $user_id );
		}

		if ( 'description' === $field ) {
			$value = esc_html( $value ); // textarea_escaped?
		} else {
			$value = esc_attr( $value );
		}
	} elseif ( 'db' === $context ) {
		if ( $prefixed ) {
			/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/post.php */
			$value = apply_filters( "pre_{$field}", $value );
		} else {

			/**
			 * Filters the value of a user field in the 'db' context.
			 *
			 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$field`, refers to the prefixed user
			 * field being filtered, such as 'user_login', 'user_email', 'first_name', etc.
			 *
			 * @since 2.9.0
			 *
			 * @param mixed $value Value of the prefixed user field.
			 */
			$value = apply_filters( "pre_user_{$field}", $value );
		}
	} else {
		// Use display filters by default.
		if ( $prefixed ) {

			/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/post.php */
			$value = apply_filters( "{$field}", $value, $user_id, $context );
		} else {

			/**
			 * Filters the value of a user field in a standard context.
			 *
			 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$field`, refers to the prefixed user
			 * field being filtered, such as 'user_login', 'user_email', 'first_name', etc.
			 *
			 * @since 2.9.0
			 *
			 * @param mixed  $value   The user object value to sanitize.
			 * @param int    $user_id User ID.
			 * @param string $context The context to filter within.
			 */
			$value = apply_filters( "user_{$field}", $value, $user_id, $context );
		}
	}

	if ( 'user_url' === $field ) {
		$value = esc_url( $value );
	}

	if ( 'attribute' === $context ) {
		$value = esc_attr( $value );
	} elseif ( 'js' === $context ) {
		$value = esc_js( $value );
	}

	// Restore the type for integer fields after esc_attr().
	if ( in_array( $field, $int_fields, true ) ) {
		$value = (int) $value;
	}

	return $value;
}

/**
 * Updates all user caches.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @param object|WP_User $user User object or database row to be cached
 * @return void|false Void on success, false on failure.
 */
function update_user_caches( $user ) {
	if ( $user instanceof WP_User ) {
		if ( ! $user->exists() ) {
			return false;
		}

		$user = $user->data;
	}

	wp_cache_add( $user->ID, $user, 'users' );
	wp_cache_add( $user->user_login, $user->ID, 'userlogins' );
	wp_cache_add( $user->user_nicename, $user->ID, 'userslugs' );

	if ( ! empty( $user->user_email ) ) {
		wp_cache_add( $user->user_email, $user->ID, 'useremail' );
	}
}

/**
 * Cleans all user caches.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 * @since 4.4.0 'clean_user_cache' action was added.
 * @since 6.2.0 User metadata caches are now cleared.
 *
 * @param WP_User|int $user User object or ID to be cleaned from the cache
 */
function clean_user_cache( $user ) {
	if ( is_numeric( $user ) ) {
		$user = new WP_User( $user );
	}

	if ( ! $user->exists() ) {
		return;
	}

	wp_cache_delete( $user->ID, 'users' );
	wp_cache_delete( $user->user_login, 'userlogins' );
	wp_cache_delete( $user->user_nicename, 'userslugs' );

	if ( ! empty( $user->user_email ) ) {
		wp_cache_delete( $user->user_email, 'useremail' );
	}

	wp_cache_delete( $user->ID, 'user_meta' );

	/**
	 * Fires immediately after the given user's cache is cleaned.
	 *
	 * @since 4.4.0
	 *
	 * @param int     $user_id User ID.
	 * @param WP_User $user    User object.
	 */
	do_action( 'clean_user_cache', $user->ID, $user );
}

/**
 * Determines whether the given username exists.
 *
 * For more information on this and similar theme functions, check out
 * the {@link https://developer.wordpress.org/themes/basics/conditional-tags/
 * Conditional Tags} article in the Theme Developer Handbook.
 *
 * @since 2.0.0
 *
 * @param string $username The username to check for existence.
 * @return int|false The user ID on success, false on failure.
 */
function username_exists( $username ) {
	$user = get_user_by( 'login', $username );
	if ( $user ) {
		$user_id = $user->ID;
	} else {
		$user_id = false;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters whether the given username exists.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.0
	 *
	 * @param int|false $user_id  The user ID associated with the username,
	 *                            or false if the username does not exist.
	 * @param string    $username The username to check for existence.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'username_exists', $user_id, $username );
}

/**
 * Determines whether the given email exists.
 *
 * For more information on this and similar theme functions, check out
 * the {@link https://developer.wordpress.org/themes/basics/conditional-tags/
 * Conditional Tags} article in the Theme Developer Handbook.
 *
 * @since 2.1.0
 *
 * @param string $email The email to check for existence.
 * @return int|false The user ID on success, false on failure.
 */
function email_exists( $email ) {
	$user = get_user_by( 'email', $email );
	if ( $user ) {
		$user_id = $user->ID;
	} else {
		$user_id = false;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters whether the given email exists.
	 *
	 * @since 5.6.0
	 *
	 * @param int|false $user_id The user ID associated with the email,
	 *                           or false if the email does not exist.
	 * @param string    $email   The email to check for existence.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'email_exists', $user_id, $email );
}

/**
 * Checks whether a username is valid.
 *
 * @since 2.0.1
 * @since 4.4.0 Empty sanitized usernames are now considered invalid.
 *
 * @param string $username Username.
 * @return bool Whether username given is valid.
 */
function validate_username( $username ) {
	$sanitized = sanitize_user( $username, true );
	$valid     = ( $sanitized == $username && ! empty( $sanitized ) );

	/**
	 * Filters whether the provided username is valid.
	 *
	 * @since 2.0.1
	 *
	 * @param bool   $valid    Whether given username is valid.
	 * @param string $username Username to check.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'validate_username', $valid, $username );
}

/**
 * Inserts a user into the database.
 *
 * Most of the `$userdata` array fields have filters associated with the values. Exceptions are
 * 'ID', 'rich_editing', 'syntax_highlighting', 'comment_shortcuts', 'admin_color', 'use_ssl',
 * 'user_registered', 'user_activation_key', 'spam', and 'role'. The filters have the prefix
 * 'pre_user_' followed by the field name. An example using 'description' would have the filter
 * called 'pre_user_description' that can be hooked into.
 *
 * @since 2.0.0
 * @since 3.6.0 The `aim`, `jabber`, and `yim` fields were removed as default user contact
 *              methods for new installations. See wp_get_user_contact_methods().
 * @since 4.7.0 The `locale` field can be passed to `$userdata`.
 * @since 5.3.0 The `user_activation_key` field can be passed to `$userdata`.
 * @since 5.3.0 The `spam` field can be passed to `$userdata` (Multisite only).
 * @since 5.9.0 The `meta_input` field can be passed to `$userdata` to allow addition of user meta data.
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param array|object|WP_User $userdata {
 *     An array, object, or WP_User object of user data arguments.
 *
 *     @type int    $ID                   User ID. If supplied, the user will be updated.
 *     @type string $user_pass            The plain-text user password.
 *     @type string $user_login           The user's login username.
 *     @type string $user_nicename        The URL-friendly user name.
 *     @type string $user_url             The user URL.
 *     @type string $user_email           The user email address.
 *     @type string $display_name         The user's display name.
 *                                        Default is the user's username.
 *     @type string $nickname             The user's nickname.
 *                                        Default is the user's username.
 *     @type string $first_name           The user's first name. For new users, will be used
 *                                        to build the first part of the user's display name
 *                                        if `$display_name` is not specified.
 *     @type string $last_name            The user's last name. For new users, will be used
 *                                        to build the second part of the user's display name
 *                                        if `$display_name` is not specified.
 *     @type string $description          The user's biographical description.
 *     @type string $rich_editing         Whether to enable the rich-editor for the user.
 *                                        Accepts 'true' or 'false' as a string literal,
 *                                        not boolean. Default 'true'.
 *     @type string $syntax_highlighting  Whether to enable the rich code editor for the user.
 *                                        Accepts 'true' or 'false' as a string literal,
 *                                        not boolean. Default 'true'.
 *     @type string $comment_shortcuts    Whether to enable comment moderation keyboard
 *                                        shortcuts for the user. Accepts 'true' or 'false'
 *                                        as a string literal, not boolean. Default 'false'.
 *     @type string $admin_color          Admin color scheme for the user. Default 'fresh'.
 *     @type bool   $use_ssl              Whether the user should always access the admin over
 *                                        https. Default false.
 *     @type string $user_registered      Date the user registered in UTC. Format is 'Y-m-d H:i:s'.
 *     @type string $user_activation_key  Password reset key. Default empty.
 *     @type bool   $spam                 Multisite only. Whether the user is marked as spam.
 *                                        Default false.
 *     @type string $show_admin_bar_front Whether to display the Admin Bar for the user
 *                                        on the site's front end. Accepts 'true' or 'false'
 *                                        as a string literal, not boolean. Default 'true'.
 *     @type string $role                 User's role.
 *     @type string $locale               User's locale. Default empty.
 *     @type array  $meta_input           Array of custom user meta values keyed by meta key.
 *                                        Default empty.
 * }
 * @return int|WP_Error The newly created user's ID or a WP_Error object if the user could not
 *                      be created.
 */
function wp_insert_user( $userdata ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( $userdata instanceof stdClass ) {
		$userdata = get_object_vars( $userdata );
	} elseif ( $userdata instanceof WP_User ) {
		$userdata = $userdata->to_array();
	}

	// Are we updating or creating?
	if ( ! empty( $userdata['ID'] ) ) {
		$user_id       = (int) $userdata['ID'];
		$update        = true;
		$old_user_data = get_userdata( $user_id );

		if ( ! $old_user_data ) {
			return new WP_Error( 'invalid_user_id', __( 'Invalid user ID.' ) );
		}

		// Hashed in wp_update_user(), plaintext if called directly.
		$user_pass = ! empty( $userdata['user_pass'] ) ? $userdata['user_pass'] : $old_user_data->user_pass;
	} else {
		$update = false;
		// Hash the password.
		$user_pass = wp_hash_password( $userdata['user_pass'] );
	}

	$sanitized_user_login = sanitize_user( $userdata['user_login'], true );

	/**
	 * Filters a username after it has been sanitized.
	 *
	 * This filter is called before the user is created or updated.
	 *
	 * @since 2.0.3
	 *
	 * @param string $sanitized_user_login Username after it has been sanitized.
	 */
	$pre_user_login = apply_filters( 'pre_user_login', $sanitized_user_login );

	// Remove any non-printable chars from the login string to see if we have ended up with an empty username.
	$user_login = trim( $pre_user_login );

	// user_login must be between 0 and 60 characters.
	if ( empty( $user_login ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'empty_user_login', __( 'Cannot create a user with an empty login name.' ) );
	} elseif ( mb_strlen( $user_login ) > 60 ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'user_login_too_long', __( 'Username may not be longer than 60 characters.' ) );
	}

	if ( ! $update && username_exists( $user_login ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'existing_user_login', __( 'Sorry, that username already exists!' ) );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the list of disallowed usernames.
	 *
	 * @since 4.4.0
	 *
	 * @param array $usernames Array of disallowed usernames.
	 */
	$illegal_logins = (array) apply_filters( 'illegal_user_logins', array() );

	if ( in_array( strtolower( $user_login ), array_map( 'strtolower', $illegal_logins ), true ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_username', __( 'Sorry, that username is not allowed.' ) );
	}

	/*
	 * If a nicename is provided, remove unsafe user characters before using it.
	 * Otherwise build a nicename from the user_login.
	 */
	if ( ! empty( $userdata['user_nicename'] ) ) {
		$user_nicename = sanitize_user( $userdata['user_nicename'], true );
	} else {
		$user_nicename = mb_substr( $user_login, 0, 50 );
	}

	$user_nicename = sanitize_title( $user_nicename );

	/**
	 * Filters a user's nicename before the user is created or updated.
	 *
	 * @since 2.0.3
	 *
	 * @param string $user_nicename The user's nicename.
	 */
	$user_nicename = apply_filters( 'pre_user_nicename', $user_nicename );

	if ( mb_strlen( $user_nicename ) > 50 ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'user_nicename_too_long', __( 'Nicename may not be longer than 50 characters.' ) );
	}

	$user_nicename_check = $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT ID FROM $wpdb->users WHERE user_nicename = %s AND user_login != %s LIMIT 1", $user_nicename, $user_login ) );

	if ( $user_nicename_check ) {
		$suffix = 2;
		while ( $user_nicename_check ) {
			// user_nicename allows 50 chars. Subtract one for a hyphen, plus the length of the suffix.
			$base_length         = 49 - mb_strlen( $suffix );
			$alt_user_nicename   = mb_substr( $user_nicename, 0, $base_length ) . "-$suffix";
			$user_nicename_check = $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT ID FROM $wpdb->users WHERE user_nicename = %s AND user_login != %s LIMIT 1", $alt_user_nicename, $user_login ) );
			$suffix++;
		}
		$user_nicename = $alt_user_nicename;
	}

	$raw_user_email = empty( $userdata['user_email'] ) ? '' : $userdata['user_email'];

	/**
	 * Filters a user's email before the user is created or updated.
	 *
	 * @since 2.0.3
	 *
	 * @param string $raw_user_email The user's email.
	 */
	$user_email = apply_filters( 'pre_user_email', $raw_user_email );

	/*
	 * If there is no update, just check for `email_exists`. If there is an update,
	 * check if current email and new email are the same, and check `email_exists`
	 * accordingly.
	 */
	if ( ( ! $update || ( ! empty( $old_user_data ) && 0 !== strcasecmp( $user_email, $old_user_data->user_email ) ) )
		&& ! defined( 'WP_IMPORTING' )
		&& email_exists( $user_email )
	) {
		return new WP_Error( 'existing_user_email', __( 'Sorry, that email address is already used!' ) );
	}

	$raw_user_url = empty( $userdata['user_url'] ) ? '' : $userdata['user_url'];

	/**
	 * Filters a user's URL before the user is created or updated.
	 *
	 * @since 2.0.3
	 *
	 * @param string $raw_user_url The user's URL.
	 */
	$user_url = apply_filters( 'pre_user_url', $raw_user_url );

	if ( mb_strlen( $user_url ) > 100 ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'user_url_too_long', __( 'User URL may not be longer than 100 characters.' ) );
	}

	$user_registered = empty( $userdata['user_registered'] ) ? gmdate( 'Y-m-d H:i:s' ) : $userdata['user_registered'];

	$user_activation_key = empty( $userdata['user_activation_key'] ) ? '' : $userdata['user_activation_key'];

	if ( ! empty( $userdata['spam'] ) && ! is_multisite() ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'no_spam', __( 'Sorry, marking a user as spam is only supported on Multisite.' ) );
	}

	$spam = empty( $userdata['spam'] ) ? 0 : (bool) $userdata['spam'];

	// Store values to save in user meta.
	$meta = array();

	$nickname = empty( $userdata['nickname'] ) ? $user_login : $userdata['nickname'];

	/**
	 * Filters a user's nickname before the user is created or updated.
	 *
	 * @since 2.0.3
	 *
	 * @param string $nickname The user's nickname.
	 */
	$meta['nickname'] = apply_filters( 'pre_user_nickname', $nickname );

	$first_name = empty( $userdata['first_name'] ) ? '' : $userdata['first_name'];

	/**
	 * Filters a user's first name before the user is created or updated.
	 *
	 * @since 2.0.3
	 *
	 * @param string $first_name The user's first name.
	 */
	$meta['first_name'] = apply_filters( 'pre_user_first_name', $first_name );

	$last_name = empty( $userdata['last_name'] ) ? '' : $userdata['last_name'];

	/**
	 * Filters a user's last name before the user is created or updated.
	 *
	 * @since 2.0.3
	 *
	 * @param string $last_name The user's last name.
	 */
	$meta['last_name'] = apply_filters( 'pre_user_last_name', $last_name );

	if ( empty( $userdata['display_name'] ) ) {
		if ( $update ) {
			$display_name = $user_login;
		} elseif ( $meta['first_name'] && $meta['last_name'] ) {
			$display_name = sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: User's first name, 2: Last name. */
				_x( '%1$s %2$s', 'Display name based on first name and last name' ),
				$meta['first_name'],
				$meta['last_name']
			);
		} elseif ( $meta['first_name'] ) {
			$display_name = $meta['first_name'];
		} elseif ( $meta['last_name'] ) {
			$display_name = $meta['last_name'];
		} else {
			$display_name = $user_login;
		}
	} else {
		$display_name = $userdata['display_name'];
	}

	/**
	 * Filters a user's display name before the user is created or updated.
	 *
	 * @since 2.0.3
	 *
	 * @param string $display_name The user's display name.
	 */
	$display_name = apply_filters( 'pre_user_display_name', $display_name );

	$description = empty( $userdata['description'] ) ? '' : $userdata['description'];

	/**
	 * Filters a user's description before the user is created or updated.
	 *
	 * @since 2.0.3
	 *
	 * @param string $description The user's description.
	 */
	$meta['description'] = apply_filters( 'pre_user_description', $description );

	$meta['rich_editing'] = empty( $userdata['rich_editing'] ) ? 'true' : $userdata['rich_editing'];

	$meta['syntax_highlighting'] = empty( $userdata['syntax_highlighting'] ) ? 'true' : $userdata['syntax_highlighting'];

	$meta['comment_shortcuts'] = empty( $userdata['comment_shortcuts'] ) || 'false' === $userdata['comment_shortcuts'] ? 'false' : 'true';

	$admin_color         = empty( $userdata['admin_color'] ) ? 'fresh' : $userdata['admin_color'];
	$meta['admin_color'] = preg_replace( '|[^a-z0-9 _.\-@]|i', '', $admin_color );

	$meta['use_ssl'] = empty( $userdata['use_ssl'] ) ? 0 : (bool) $userdata['use_ssl'];

	$meta['show_admin_bar_front'] = empty( $userdata['show_admin_bar_front'] ) ? 'true' : $userdata['show_admin_bar_front'];

	$meta['locale'] = isset( $userdata['locale'] ) ? $userdata['locale'] : '';

	$compacted = compact( 'user_pass', 'user_nicename', 'user_email', 'user_url', 'user_registered', 'user_activation_key', 'display_name' );
	$data      = wp_unslash( $compacted );

	if ( ! $update ) {
		$data = $data + compact( 'user_login' );
	}

	if ( is_multisite() ) {
		$data = $data + compact( 'spam' );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters user data before the record is created or updated.
	 *
	 * It only includes data in the users table, not any user metadata.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.0
	 * @since 5.8.0 The `$userdata` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param array    $data {
	 *     Values and keys for the user.
	 *
	 *     @type string $user_login      The user's login. Only included if $update == false
	 *     @type string $user_pass       The user's password.
	 *     @type string $user_email      The user's email.
	 *     @type string $user_url        The user's url.
	 *     @type string $user_nicename   The user's nice name. Defaults to a URL-safe version of user's login
	 *     @type string $display_name    The user's display name.
	 *     @type string $user_registered MySQL timestamp describing the moment when the user registered. Defaults to
	 *                                   the current UTC timestamp.
	 * }
	 * @param bool     $update   Whether the user is being updated rather than created.
	 * @param int|null $user_id  ID of the user to be updated, or NULL if the user is being created.
	 * @param array    $userdata The raw array of data passed to wp_insert_user().
	 */
	$data = apply_filters( 'wp_pre_insert_user_data', $data, $update, ( $update ? $user_id : null ), $userdata );

	if ( empty( $data ) || ! is_array( $data ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'empty_data', __( 'Not enough data to create this user.' ) );
	}

	if ( $update ) {
		if ( $user_email !== $old_user_data->user_email || $user_pass !== $old_user_data->user_pass ) {
			$data['user_activation_key'] = '';
		}
		$wpdb->update( $wpdb->users, $data, array( 'ID' => $user_id ) );
	} else {
		$wpdb->insert( $wpdb->users, $data );
		$user_id = (int) $wpdb->insert_id;
	}

	$user = new WP_User( $user_id );

	/**
	 * Filters a user's meta values and keys immediately after the user is created or updated
	 * and before any user meta is inserted or updated.
	 *
	 * Does not include contact methods. These are added using `wp_get_user_contact_methods( $user )`.
	 *
	 * For custom meta fields, see the {@see 'insert_custom_user_meta'} filter.
	 *
	 * @since 4.4.0
	 * @since 5.8.0 The `$userdata` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param array $meta {
	 *     Default meta values and keys for the user.
	 *
	 *     @type string   $nickname             The user's nickname. Default is the user's username.
	 *     @type string   $first_name           The user's first name.
	 *     @type string   $last_name            The user's last name.
	 *     @type string   $description          The user's description.
	 *     @type string   $rich_editing         Whether to enable the rich-editor for the user. Default 'true'.
	 *     @type string   $syntax_highlighting  Whether to enable the rich code editor for the user. Default 'true'.
	 *     @type string   $comment_shortcuts    Whether to enable keyboard shortcuts for the user. Default 'false'.
	 *     @type string   $admin_color          The color scheme for a user's admin screen. Default 'fresh'.
	 *     @type int|bool $use_ssl              Whether to force SSL on the user's admin area. 0|false if SSL
	 *                                          is not forced.
	 *     @type string   $show_admin_bar_front Whether to show the admin bar on the front end for the user.
	 *                                          Default 'true'.
	 *     @type string   $locale               User's locale. Default empty.
	 * }
	 * @param WP_User $user     User object.
	 * @param bool    $update   Whether the user is being updated rather than created.
	 * @param array   $userdata The raw array of data passed to wp_insert_user().
	 */
	$meta = apply_filters( 'insert_user_meta', $meta, $user, $update, $userdata );

	$custom_meta = array();
	if ( array_key_exists( 'meta_input', $userdata ) && is_array( $userdata['meta_input'] ) && ! empty( $userdata['meta_input'] ) ) {
		$custom_meta = $userdata['meta_input'];
	}

	/**
	 * Filters a user's custom meta values and keys immediately after the user is created or updated
	 * and before any user meta is inserted or updated.
	 *
	 * For non-custom meta fields, see the {@see 'insert_user_meta'} filter.
	 *
	 * @since 5.9.0
	 *
	 * @param array   $custom_meta Array of custom user meta values keyed by meta key.
	 * @param WP_User $user        User object.
	 * @param bool    $update      Whether the user is being updated rather than created.
	 * @param array   $userdata    The raw array of data passed to wp_insert_user().
	 */
	$custom_meta = apply_filters( 'insert_custom_user_meta', $custom_meta, $user, $update, $userdata );

	$meta = array_merge( $meta, $custom_meta );

	// Update user meta.
	foreach ( $meta as $key => $value ) {
		update_user_meta( $user_id, $key, $value );
	}

	foreach ( wp_get_user_contact_methods( $user ) as $key => $value ) {
		if ( isset( $userdata[ $key ] ) ) {
			update_user_meta( $user_id, $key, $userdata[ $key ] );
		}
	}

	if ( isset( $userdata['role'] ) ) {
		$user->set_role( $userdata['role'] );
	} elseif ( ! $update ) {
		$user->set_role( get_option( 'default_role' ) );
	}

	clean_user_cache( $user_id );

	if ( $update ) {
		/**
		 * Fires immediately after an existing user is updated.
		 *
		 * @since 2.0.0
		 * @since 5.8.0 The `$userdata` parameter was added.
		 *
		 * @param int     $user_id       User ID.
		 * @param WP_User $old_user_data Object containing user's data prior to update.
		 * @param array   $userdata      The raw array of data passed to wp_insert_user().
		 */
		do_action( 'profile_update', $user_id, $old_user_data, $userdata );

		if ( isset( $userdata['spam'] ) && $userdata['spam'] != $old_user_data->spam ) {
			if ( 1 == $userdata['spam'] ) {
				/**
				 * Fires after the user is marked as a SPAM user.
				 *
				 * @since 3.0.0
				 *
				 * @param int $user_id ID of the user marked as SPAM.
				 */
				do_action( 'make_spam_user', $user_id );
			} else {
				/**
				 * Fires after the user is marked as a HAM user. Opposite of SPAM.
				 *
				 * @since 3.0.0
				 *
				 * @param int $user_id ID of the user marked as HAM.
				 */
				do_action( 'make_ham_user', $user_id );
			}
		}
	} else {
		/**
		 * Fires immediately after a new user is registered.
		 *
		 * @since 1.5.0
		 * @since 5.8.0 The `$userdata` parameter was added.
		 *
		 * @param int   $user_id  User ID.
		 * @param array $userdata The raw array of data passed to wp_insert_user().
		 */
		do_action( 'user_register', $user_id, $userdata );
	}

	return $user_id;
}

/**
 * Updates a user in the database.
 *
 * It is possible to update a user's password by specifying the 'user_pass'
 * value in the $userdata parameter array.
 *
 * If current user's password is being updated, then the cookies will be
 * cleared.
 *
 * @since 2.0.0
 *
 * @see wp_insert_user() For what fields can be set in $userdata.
 *
 * @param array|object|WP_User $userdata An array of user data or a user object of type stdClass or WP_User.
 * @return int|WP_Error The updated user's ID or a WP_Error object if the user could not be updated.
 */
function wp_update_user( $userdata ) {
	if ( $userdata instanceof stdClass ) {
		$userdata = get_object_vars( $userdata );
	} elseif ( $userdata instanceof WP_User ) {
		$userdata = $userdata->to_array();
	}

	$user_id = isset( $userdata['ID'] ) ? (int) $userdata['ID'] : 0;
	if ( ! $user_id ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_user_id', __( 'Invalid user ID.' ) );
	}

	// First, get all of the original fields.
	$user_obj = get_userdata( $user_id );
	if ( ! $user_obj ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_user_id', __( 'Invalid user ID.' ) );
	}

	$user = $user_obj->to_array();

	// Add additional custom fields.
	foreach ( _get_additional_user_keys( $user_obj ) as $key ) {
		$user[ $key ] = get_user_meta( $user_id, $key, true );
	}

	// Escape data pulled from DB.
	$user = add_magic_quotes( $user );

	if ( ! empty( $userdata['user_pass'] ) && $userdata['user_pass'] !== $user_obj->user_pass ) {
		// If password is changing, hash it now.
		$plaintext_pass        = $userdata['user_pass'];
		$userdata['user_pass'] = wp_hash_password( $userdata['user_pass'] );

		/**
		 * Filters whether to send the password change email.
		 *
		 * @since 4.3.0
		 *
		 * @see wp_insert_user() For `$user` and `$userdata` fields.
		 *
		 * @param bool  $send     Whether to send the email.
		 * @param array $user     The original user array.
		 * @param array $userdata The updated user array.
		 */
		$send_password_change_email = apply_filters( 'send_password_change_email', true, $user, $userdata );
	}

	if ( isset( $userdata['user_email'] ) && $user['user_email'] !== $userdata['user_email'] ) {
		/**
		 * Filters whether to send the email change email.
		 *
		 * @since 4.3.0
		 *
		 * @see wp_insert_user() For `$user` and `$userdata` fields.
		 *
		 * @param bool  $send     Whether to send the email.
		 * @param array $user     The original user array.
		 * @param array $userdata The updated user array.
		 */
		$send_email_change_email = apply_filters( 'send_email_change_email', true, $user, $userdata );
	}

	clean_user_cache( $user_obj );

	// Merge old and new fields with new fields overwriting old ones.
	$userdata = array_merge( $user, $userdata );
	$user_id  = wp_insert_user( $userdata );

	if ( is_wp_error( $user_id ) ) {
		return $user_id;
	}

	$blog_name = wp_specialchars_decode( get_option( 'blogname' ), ENT_QUOTES );

	$switched_locale = false;
	if ( ! empty( $send_password_change_email ) || ! empty( $send_email_change_email ) ) {
		$switched_locale = switch_to_user_locale( $user_id );
	}

	if ( ! empty( $send_password_change_email ) ) {
		/* translators: Do not translate USERNAME, ADMIN_EMAIL, EMAIL, SITENAME, SITEURL: those are placeholders. */
		$pass_change_text = __(
			'Hi ###USERNAME###,

This notice confirms that your password was changed on ###SITENAME###.

If you did not change your password, please contact the Site Administrator at
###ADMIN_EMAIL###

This email has been sent to ###EMAIL###

Regards,
All at ###SITENAME###
###SITEURL###'
		);

		$pass_change_email = array(
			'to'      => $user['user_email'],
			/* translators: Password change notification email subject. %s: Site title. */
			'subject' => __( '[%s] Password Changed' ),
			'message' => $pass_change_text,
			'headers' => '',
		);

		/**
		 * Filters the contents of the email sent when the user's password is changed.
		 *
		 * @since 4.3.0
		 *
		 * @param array $pass_change_email {
		 *     Used to build wp_mail().
		 *
		 *     @type string $to      The intended recipients. Add emails in a comma separated string.
		 *     @type string $subject The subject of the email.
		 *     @type string $message The content of the email.
		 *         The following strings have a special meaning and will get replaced dynamically:
		 *         - ###USERNAME###    The current user's username.
		 *         - ###ADMIN_EMAIL### The admin email in case this was unexpected.
		 *         - ###EMAIL###       The user's email address.
		 *         - ###SITENAME###    The name of the site.
		 *         - ###SITEURL###     The URL to the site.
		 *     @type string $headers Headers. Add headers in a newline (\r\n) separated string.
		 * }
		 * @param array $user     The original user array.
		 * @param array $userdata The updated user array.
		 */
		$pass_change_email = apply_filters( 'password_change_email', $pass_change_email, $user, $userdata );

		$pass_change_email['message'] = str_replace( '###USERNAME###', $user['user_login'], $pass_change_email['message'] );
		$pass_change_email['message'] = str_replace( '###ADMIN_EMAIL###', get_option( 'admin_email' ), $pass_change_email['message'] );
		$pass_change_email['message'] = str_replace( '###EMAIL###', $user['user_email'], $pass_change_email['message'] );
		$pass_change_email['message'] = str_replace( '###SITENAME###', $blog_name, $pass_change_email['message'] );
		$pass_change_email['message'] = str_replace( '###SITEURL###', home_url(), $pass_change_email['message'] );

		wp_mail( $pass_change_email['to'], sprintf( $pass_change_email['subject'], $blog_name ), $pass_change_email['message'], $pass_change_email['headers'] );
	}

	if ( ! empty( $send_email_change_email ) ) {
		/* translators: Do not translate USERNAME, ADMIN_EMAIL, NEW_EMAIL, EMAIL, SITENAME, SITEURL: those are placeholders. */
		$email_change_text = __(
			'Hi ###USERNAME###,

This notice confirms that your email address on ###SITENAME### was changed to ###NEW_EMAIL###.

If you did not change your email, please contact the Site Administrator at
###ADMIN_EMAIL###

This email has been sent to ###EMAIL###

Regards,
All at ###SITENAME###
###SITEURL###'
		);

		$email_change_email = array(
			'to'      => $user['user_email'],
			/* translators: Email change notification email subject. %s: Site title. */
			'subject' => __( '[%s] Email Changed' ),
			'message' => $email_change_text,
			'headers' => '',
		);

		/**
		 * Filters the contents of the email sent when the user's email is changed.
		 *
		 * @since 4.3.0
		 *
		 * @param array $email_change_email {
		 *     Used to build wp_mail().
		 *
		 *     @type string $to      The intended recipients.
		 *     @type string $subject The subject of the email.
		 *     @type string $message The content of the email.
		 *         The following strings have a special meaning and will get replaced dynamically:
		 *         - ###USERNAME###    The current user's username.
		 *         - ###ADMIN_EMAIL### The admin email in case this was unexpected.
		 *         - ###NEW_EMAIL###   The new email address.
		 *         - ###EMAIL###       The old email address.
		 *         - ###SITENAME###    The name of the site.
		 *         - ###SITEURL###     The URL to the site.
		 *     @type string $headers Headers.
		 * }
		 * @param array $user     The original user array.
		 * @param array $userdata The updated user array.
		 */
		$email_change_email = apply_filters( 'email_change_email', $email_change_email, $user, $userdata );

		$email_change_email['message'] = str_replace( '###USERNAME###', $user['user_login'], $email_change_email['message'] );
		$email_change_email['message'] = str_replace( '###ADMIN_EMAIL###', get_option( 'admin_email' ), $email_change_email['message'] );
		$email_change_email['message'] = str_replace( '###NEW_EMAIL###', $userdata['user_email'], $email_change_email['message'] );
		$email_change_email['message'] = str_replace( '###EMAIL###', $user['user_email'], $email_change_email['message'] );
		$email_change_email['message'] = str_replace( '###SITENAME###', $blog_name, $email_change_email['message'] );
		$email_change_email['message'] = str_replace( '###SITEURL###', home_url(), $email_change_email['message'] );

		wp_mail( $email_change_email['to'], sprintf( $email_change_email['subject'], $blog_name ), $email_change_email['message'], $email_change_email['headers'] );
	}

	if ( $switched_locale ) {
		restore_previous_locale();
	}

	// Update the cookies if the password changed.
	$current_user = wp_get_current_user();
	if ( $current_user->ID == $user_id ) {
		if ( isset( $plaintext_pass ) ) {
			wp_clear_auth_cookie();

			// Here we calculate the expiration length of the current auth cookie and compare it to the default expiration.
			// If it's greater than this, then we know the user checked 'Remember Me' when they logged in.
			$logged_in_cookie = wp_parse_auth_cookie( '', 'logged_in' );
			/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/pluggable.php */
			$default_cookie_life = apply_filters( 'auth_cookie_expiration', ( 2 * DAY_IN_SECONDS ), $user_id, false );
			$remember            = false;
			if ( false !== $logged_in_cookie && ( $logged_in_cookie['expiration'] - time() ) > $default_cookie_life ) {
				$remember = true;
			}

			wp_set_auth_cookie( $user_id, $remember );
		}
	}

	return $user_id;
}

/**
 * Provides a simpler way of inserting a user into the database.
 *
 * Creates a new user with just the username, password, and email. For more
 * complex user creation use wp_insert_user() to specify more information.
 *
 * @since 2.0.0
 *
 * @see wp_insert_user() More complete way to create a new user.
 *
 * @param string $username The user's username.
 * @param string $password The user's password.
 * @param string $email    Optional. The user's email. Default empty.
 * @return int|WP_Error The newly created user's ID or a WP_Error object if the user could not
 *                      be created.
 */
function wp_create_user( $username, $password, $email = '' ) {
	$user_login = wp_slash( $username );
	$user_email = wp_slash( $email );
	$user_pass  = $password;

	$userdata = compact( 'user_login', 'user_email', 'user_pass' );
	return wp_insert_user( $userdata );
}

/**
 * Returns a list of meta keys to be (maybe) populated in wp_update_user().
 *
 * The list of keys returned via this function are dependent on the presence
 * of those keys in the user meta data to be set.
 *
 * @since 3.3.0
 * @access private
 *
 * @param WP_User $user WP_User instance.
 * @return string[] List of user keys to be populated in wp_update_user().
 */
function _get_additional_user_keys( $user ) {
	$keys = array( 'first_name', 'last_name', 'nickname', 'description', 'rich_editing', 'syntax_highlighting', 'comment_shortcuts', 'admin_color', 'use_ssl', 'show_admin_bar_front', 'locale' );
	return array_merge( $keys, array_keys( wp_get_user_contact_methods( $user ) ) );
}

/**
 * Sets up the user contact methods.
 *
 * Default contact methods were removed in 3.6. A filter dictates contact methods.
 *
 * @since 3.7.0
 *
 * @param WP_User|null $user Optional. WP_User object.
 * @return string[] Array of contact method labels keyed by contact method.
 */
function wp_get_user_contact_methods( $user = null ) {
	$methods = array();
	if ( get_site_option( 'initial_db_version' ) < 23588 ) {
		$methods = array(
			'aim'    => __( 'AIM' ),
			'yim'    => __( 'Yahoo IM' ),
			'jabber' => __( 'Jabber / Google Talk' ),
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the user contact methods.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0
	 *
	 * @param string[]     $methods Array of contact method labels keyed by contact method.
	 * @param WP_User|null $user    WP_User object or null if none was provided.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'user_contactmethods', $methods, $user );
}

/**
 * The old private function for setting up user contact methods.
 *
 * Use wp_get_user_contact_methods() instead.
 *
 * @since 2.9.0
 * @access private
 *
 * @param WP_User|null $user Optional. WP_User object. Default null.
 * @return string[] Array of contact method labels keyed by contact method.
 */
function _wp_get_user_contactmethods( $user = null ) {
	return wp_get_user_contact_methods( $user );
}

/**
 * Gets the text suggesting how to create strong passwords.
 *
 * @since 4.1.0
 *
 * @return string The password hint text.
 */
function wp_get_password_hint() {
	$hint = __( 'Hint: The password should be at least twelve characters long. To make it stronger, use upper and lower case letters, numbers, and symbols like ! " ? $ % ^ &amp; ).' );

	/**
	 * Filters the text describing the site's password complexity policy.
	 *
	 * @since 4.1.0
	 *
	 * @param string $hint The password hint text.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'password_hint', $hint );
}

/**
 * Creates, stores, then returns a password reset key for user.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @global PasswordHash $wp_hasher Portable PHP password hashing framework.
 *
 * @param WP_User $user User to retrieve password reset key for.
 * @return string|WP_Error Password reset key on success. WP_Error on error.
 */
function get_password_reset_key( $user ) {
	global $wp_hasher;

	if ( ! ( $user instanceof WP_User ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalidcombo', __( '<strong>Error:</strong> There is no account with that username or email address.' ) );
	}

	/**
	 * Fires before a new password is retrieved.
	 *
	 * Use the {@see 'retrieve_password'} hook instead.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.0
	 * @deprecated 1.5.1 Misspelled. Use {@see 'retrieve_password'} hook instead.
	 *
	 * @param string $user_login The user login name.
	 */
	do_action_deprecated( 'retreive_password', array( $user->user_login ), '1.5.1', 'retrieve_password' );

	/**
	 * Fires before a new password is retrieved.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.1
	 *
	 * @param string $user_login The user login name.
	 */
	do_action( 'retrieve_password', $user->user_login );

	$allow = true;
	if ( is_multisite() && is_user_spammy( $user ) ) {
		$allow = false;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters whether to allow a password to be reset.
	 *
	 * @since 2.7.0
	 *
	 * @param bool $allow   Whether to allow the password to be reset. Default true.
	 * @param int  $user_id The ID of the user attempting to reset a password.
	 */
	$allow = apply_filters( 'allow_password_reset', $allow, $user->ID );

	if ( ! $allow ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'no_password_reset', __( 'Password reset is not allowed for this user' ) );
	} elseif ( is_wp_error( $allow ) ) {
		return $allow;
	}

	// Generate something random for a password reset key.
	$key = wp_generate_password( 20, false );

	/**
	 * Fires when a password reset key is generated.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 * @param string $user_login The username for the user.
	 * @param string $key        The generated password reset key.
	 */
	do_action( 'retrieve_password_key', $user->user_login, $key );

	// Now insert the key, hashed, into the DB.
	if ( empty( $wp_hasher ) ) {
		require_once ABSPATH . WPINC . '/class-phpass.php';
		$wp_hasher = new PasswordHash( 8, true );
	}

	$hashed = time() . ':' . $wp_hasher->HashPassword( $key );

	$key_saved = wp_update_user(
		array(
			'ID'                  => $user->ID,
			'user_activation_key' => $hashed,
		)
	);

	if ( is_wp_error( $key_saved ) ) {
		return $key_saved;
	}

	return $key;
}

/**
 * Retrieves a user row based on password reset key and login.
 *
 * A key is considered 'expired' if it exactly matches the value of the
 * user_activation_key field, rather than being matched after going through the
 * hashing process. This field is now hashed; old values are no longer accepted
 * but have a different WP_Error code so good user feedback can be provided.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 *
 * @global wpdb         $wpdb      WordPress database object for queries.
 * @global PasswordHash $wp_hasher Portable PHP password hashing framework instance.
 *
 * @param string $key       Hash to validate sending user's password.
 * @param string $login     The user login.
 * @return WP_User|WP_Error WP_User object on success, WP_Error object for invalid or expired keys.
 */
function check_password_reset_key( $key, $login ) {
	global $wpdb, $wp_hasher;

	$key = preg_replace( '/[^a-z0-9]/i', '', $key );

	if ( empty( $key ) || ! is_string( $key ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_key', __( 'Invalid key.' ) );
	}

	if ( empty( $login ) || ! is_string( $login ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_key', __( 'Invalid key.' ) );
	}

	$user = get_user_by( 'login', $login );

	if ( ! $user ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_key', __( 'Invalid key.' ) );
	}

	if ( empty( $wp_hasher ) ) {
		require_once ABSPATH . WPINC . '/class-phpass.php';
		$wp_hasher = new PasswordHash( 8, true );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the expiration time of password reset keys.
	 *
	 * @since 4.3.0
	 *
	 * @param int $expiration The expiration time in seconds.
	 */
	$expiration_duration = apply_filters( 'password_reset_expiration', DAY_IN_SECONDS );

	if ( false !== strpos( $user->user_activation_key, ':' ) ) {
		list( $pass_request_time, $pass_key ) = explode( ':', $user->user_activation_key, 2 );
		$expiration_time                      = $pass_request_time + $expiration_duration;
	} else {
		$pass_key        = $user->user_activation_key;
		$expiration_time = false;
	}

	if ( ! $pass_key ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_key', __( 'Invalid key.' ) );
	}

	$hash_is_correct = $wp_hasher->CheckPassword( $key, $pass_key );

	if ( $hash_is_correct && $expiration_time && time() < $expiration_time ) {
		return $user;
	} elseif ( $hash_is_correct && $expiration_time ) {
		// Key has an expiration time that's passed.
		return new WP_Error( 'expired_key', __( 'Invalid key.' ) );
	}

	if ( hash_equals( $user->user_activation_key, $key ) || ( $hash_is_correct && ! $expiration_time ) ) {
		$return  = new WP_Error( 'expired_key', __( 'Invalid key.' ) );
		$user_id = $user->ID;

		/**
		 * Filters the return value of check_password_reset_key() when an
		 * old-style key is used.
		 *
		 * @since 3.7.0 Previously plain-text keys were stored in the database.
		 * @since 4.3.0 Previously key hashes were stored without an expiration time.
		 *
		 * @param WP_Error $return  A WP_Error object denoting an expired key.
		 *                          Return a WP_User object to validate the key.
		 * @param int      $user_id The matched user ID.
		 */
		return apply_filters( 'password_reset_key_expired', $return, $user_id );
	}

	return new WP_Error( 'invalid_key', __( 'Invalid key.' ) );
}

/**
 * Handles sending a password retrieval email to a user.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 * @since 5.7.0 Added `$user_login` parameter.
 *
 * @global wpdb         $wpdb       WordPress database abstraction object.
 * @global PasswordHash $wp_hasher  Portable PHP password hashing framework.
 *
 * @param string $user_login Optional. Username to send a password retrieval email for.
 *                           Defaults to `$_POST['user_login']` if not set.
 * @return true|WP_Error True when finished, WP_Error object on error.
 */
function retrieve_password( $user_login = null ) {
	$errors    = new WP_Error();
	$user_data = false;

	// Use the passed $user_login if available, otherwise use $_POST['user_login'].
	if ( ! $user_login && ! empty( $_POST['user_login'] ) ) {
		$user_login = $_POST['user_login'];
	}

	$user_login = trim( wp_unslash( $user_login ) );

	if ( empty( $user_login ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'empty_username', __( '<strong>Error:</strong> Please enter a username or email address.' ) );
	} elseif ( strpos( $user_login, '@' ) ) {
		$user_data = get_user_by( 'email', $user_login );

		if ( empty( $user_data ) ) {
			$user_data = get_user_by( 'login', $user_login );
		}

		if ( empty( $user_data ) ) {
			$errors->add( 'invalid_email', __( '<strong>Error:</strong> There is no account with that username or email address.' ) );
		}
	} else {
		$user_data = get_user_by( 'login', $user_login );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the user data during a password reset request.
	 *
	 * Allows, for example, custom validation using data other than username or email address.
	 *
	 * @since 5.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_User|false $user_data WP_User object if found, false if the user does not exist.
	 * @param WP_Error      $errors    A WP_Error object containing any errors generated
	 *                                 by using invalid credentials.
	 */
	$user_data = apply_filters( 'lostpassword_user_data', $user_data, $errors );

	/**
	 * Fires before errors are returned from a password reset request.
	 *
	 * @since 2.1.0
	 * @since 4.4.0 Added the `$errors` parameter.
	 * @since 5.4.0 Added the `$user_data` parameter.
	 *
	 * @param WP_Error      $errors    A WP_Error object containing any errors generated
	 *                                 by using invalid credentials.
	 * @param WP_User|false $user_data WP_User object if found, false if the user does not exist.
	 */
	do_action( 'lostpassword_post', $errors, $user_data );

	/**
	 * Filters the errors encountered on a password reset request.
	 *
	 * The filtered WP_Error object may, for example, contain errors for an invalid
	 * username or email address. A WP_Error object should always be returned,
	 * but may or may not contain errors.
	 *
	 * If any errors are present in $errors, this will abort the password reset request.
	 *
	 * @since 5.5.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_Error      $errors    A WP_Error object containing any errors generated
	 *                                 by using invalid credentials.
	 * @param WP_User|false $user_data WP_User object if found, false if the user does not exist.
	 */
	$errors = apply_filters( 'lostpassword_errors', $errors, $user_data );

	if ( $errors->has_errors() ) {
		return $errors;
	}

	if ( ! $user_data ) {
		$errors->add( 'invalidcombo', __( '<strong>Error:</strong> There is no account with that username or email address.' ) );
		return $errors;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters whether to send the retrieve password email.
	 *
	 * Return false to disable sending the email.
	 *
	 * @since 6.0.0
	 *
	 * @param bool    $send       Whether to send the email.
	 * @param string  $user_login The username for the user.
	 * @param WP_User $user_data  WP_User object.
	 */
	if ( ! apply_filters( 'send_retrieve_password_email', true, $user_login, $user_data ) ) {
		return true;
	}

	// Redefining user_login ensures we return the right case in the email.
	$user_login = $user_data->user_login;
	$user_email = $user_data->user_email;
	$key        = get_password_reset_key( $user_data );

	if ( is_wp_error( $key ) ) {
		return $key;
	}

	// Localize password reset message content for user.
	$locale = get_user_locale( $user_data );

	$switched_locale = switch_to_user_locale( $user_data->ID );

	if ( is_multisite() ) {
		$site_name = get_network()->site_name;
	} else {
		/*
		 * The blogname option is escaped with esc_html on the way into the database
		 * in sanitize_option. We want to reverse this for the plain text arena of emails.
		 */
		$site_name = wp_specialchars_decode( get_option( 'blogname' ), ENT_QUOTES );
	}

	$message = __( 'Someone has requested a password reset for the following account:' ) . "\r\n\r\n";
	/* translators: %s: Site name. */
	$message .= sprintf( __( 'Site Name: %s' ), $site_name ) . "\r\n\r\n";
	/* translators: %s: User login. */
	$message .= sprintf( __( 'Username: %s' ), $user_login ) . "\r\n\r\n";
	$message .= __( 'If this was a mistake, ignore this email and nothing will happen.' ) . "\r\n\r\n";
	$message .= __( 'To reset your password, visit the following address:' ) . "\r\n\r\n";
	$message .= network_site_url( "wp-login.php?action=rp&key=$key&login=" . rawurlencode( $user_login ), 'login' ) . '&wp_lang=' . $locale . "\r\n\r\n";

	if ( ! is_user_logged_in() ) {
		$requester_ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
		if ( $requester_ip ) {
			$message .= sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: IP address of password reset requester. */
				__( 'This password reset request originated from the IP address %s.' ),
				$requester_ip
			) . "\r\n";
		}
	}

	/* translators: Password reset notification email subject. %s: Site title. */
	$title = sprintf( __( '[%s] Password Reset' ), $site_name );

	/**
	 * Filters the subject of the password reset email.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 * @since 4.4.0 Added the `$user_login` and `$user_data` parameters.
	 *
	 * @param string  $title      Email subject.
	 * @param string  $user_login The username for the user.
	 * @param WP_User $user_data  WP_User object.
	 */
	$title = apply_filters( 'retrieve_password_title', $title, $user_login, $user_data );

	/**
	 * Filters the message body of the password reset mail.
	 *
	 * If the filtered message is empty, the password reset email will not be sent.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 * @since 4.1.0 Added `$user_login` and `$user_data` parameters.
	 *
	 * @param string  $message    Email message.
	 * @param string  $key        The activation key.
	 * @param string  $user_login The username for the user.
	 * @param WP_User $user_data  WP_User object.
	 */
	$message = apply_filters( 'retrieve_password_message', $message, $key, $user_login, $user_data );

	// Short-circuit on falsey $message value for backwards compatibility.
	if ( ! $message ) {
		return true;
	}

	/*
	 * Wrap the single notification email arguments in an array
	 * to pass them to the retrieve_password_notification_email filter.
	 */
	$defaults = array(
		'to'      => $user_email,
		'subject' => $title,
		'message' => $message,
		'headers' => '',
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the contents of the reset password notification email sent to the user.
	 *
	 * @since 6.0.0
	 *
	 * @param array $defaults {
	 *     The default notification email arguments. Used to build wp_mail().
	 *
	 *     @type string $to      The intended recipient - user email address.
	 *     @type string $subject The subject of the email.
	 *     @type string $message The body of the email.
	 *     @type string $headers The headers of the email.
	 * }
	 * @type string  $key        The activation key.
	 * @type string  $user_login The username for the user.
	 * @type WP_User $user_data  WP_User object.
	 */
	$notification_email = apply_filters( 'retrieve_password_notification_email', $defaults, $key, $user_login, $user_data );

	if ( $switched_locale ) {
		restore_previous_locale();
	}

	if ( is_array( $notification_email ) ) {
		// Force key order and merge defaults in case any value is missing in the filtered array.
		$notification_email = array_merge( $defaults, $notification_email );
	} else {
		$notification_email = $defaults;
	}

	list( $to, $subject, $message, $headers ) = array_values( $notification_email );

	$subject = wp_specialchars_decode( $subject );

	if ( ! wp_mail( $to, $subject, $message, $headers ) ) {
		$errors->add(
			'retrieve_password_email_failure',
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: Documentation URL. */
				__( '<strong>Error:</strong> The email could not be sent. Your site may not be correctly configured to send emails. <a href="%s">Get support for resetting your password</a>.' ),
				esc_url( __( 'https://wordpress.org/documentation/article/reset-your-password/' ) )
			)
		);
		return $errors;
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Handles resetting the user's password.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param WP_User $user     The user
 * @param string  $new_pass New password for the user in plaintext
 */
function reset_password( $user, $new_pass ) {
	/**
	 * Fires before the user's password is reset.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_User $user     The user.
	 * @param string  $new_pass New user password.
	 */
	do_action( 'password_reset', $user, $new_pass );

	wp_set_password( $new_pass, $user->ID );
	update_user_meta( $user->ID, 'default_password_nag', false );

	/**
	 * Fires after the user's password is reset.
	 *
	 * @since 4.4.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_User $user     The user.
	 * @param string  $new_pass New user password.
	 */
	do_action( 'after_password_reset', $user, $new_pass );
}

/**
 * Handles registering a new user.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param string $user_login User's username for logging in
 * @param string $user_email User's email address to send password and add
 * @return int|WP_Error Either user's ID or error on failure.
 */
function register_new_user( $user_login, $user_email ) {
	$errors = new WP_Error();

	$sanitized_user_login = sanitize_user( $user_login );
	/**
	 * Filters the email address of a user being registered.
	 *
	 * @since 2.1.0
	 *
	 * @param string $user_email The email address of the new user.
	 */
	$user_email = apply_filters( 'user_registration_email', $user_email );

	// Check the username.
	if ( '' === $sanitized_user_login ) {
		$errors->add( 'empty_username', __( '<strong>Error:</strong> Please enter a username.' ) );
	} elseif ( ! validate_username( $user_login ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'invalid_username', __( '<strong>Error:</strong> This username is invalid because it uses illegal characters. Please enter a valid username.' ) );
		$sanitized_user_login = '';
	} elseif ( username_exists( $sanitized_user_login ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'username_exists', __( '<strong>Error:</strong> This username is already registered. Please choose another one.' ) );
	} else {
		/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/user.php */
		$illegal_user_logins = (array) apply_filters( 'illegal_user_logins', array() );
		if ( in_array( strtolower( $sanitized_user_login ), array_map( 'strtolower', $illegal_user_logins ), true ) ) {
			$errors->add( 'invalid_username', __( '<strong>Error:</strong> Sorry, that username is not allowed.' ) );
		}
	}

	// Check the email address.
	if ( '' === $user_email ) {
		$errors->add( 'empty_email', __( '<strong>Error:</strong> Please type your email address.' ) );
	} elseif ( ! is_email( $user_email ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'invalid_email', __( '<strong>Error:</strong> The email address is not correct.' ) );
		$user_email = '';
	} elseif ( email_exists( $user_email ) ) {
		$errors->add(
			'email_exists',
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: Link to the login page. */
				__( '<strong>Error:</strong> This email address is already registered. <a href="%s">Log in</a> with this address or choose another one.' ),
				wp_login_url()
			)
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Fires when submitting registration form data, before the user is created.
	 *
	 * @since 2.1.0
	 *
	 * @param string   $sanitized_user_login The submitted username after being sanitized.
	 * @param string   $user_email           The submitted email.
	 * @param WP_Error $errors               Contains any errors with submitted username and email,
	 *                                       e.g., an empty field, an invalid username or email,
	 *                                       or an existing username or email.
	 */
	do_action( 'register_post', $sanitized_user_login, $user_email, $errors );

	/**
	 * Filters the errors encountered when a new user is being registered.
	 *
	 * The filtered WP_Error object may, for example, contain errors for an invalid
	 * or existing username or email address. A WP_Error object should always be returned,
	 * but may or may not contain errors.
	 *
	 * If any errors are present in $errors, this will abort the user's registration.
	 *
	 * @since 2.1.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_Error $errors               A WP_Error object containing any errors encountered
	 *                                       during registration.
	 * @param string   $sanitized_user_login User's username after it has been sanitized.
	 * @param string   $user_email           User's email.
	 */
	$errors = apply_filters( 'registration_errors', $errors, $sanitized_user_login, $user_email );

	if ( $errors->has_errors() ) {
		return $errors;
	}

	$user_pass = wp_generate_password( 12, false );
	$user_id   = wp_create_user( $sanitized_user_login, $user_pass, $user_email );
	if ( ! $user_id || is_wp_error( $user_id ) ) {
		$errors->add(
			'registerfail',
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: Admin email address. */
				__( '<strong>Error:</strong> Could not register you&hellip; please contact the <a href="mailto:%s">site admin</a>!' ),
				get_option( 'admin_email' )
			)
		);
		return $errors;
	}

	update_user_meta( $user_id, 'default_password_nag', true ); // Set up the password change nag.

	if ( ! empty( $_COOKIE['wp_lang'] ) ) {
		$wp_lang = sanitize_text_field( $_COOKIE['wp_lang'] );
		if ( in_array( $wp_lang, get_available_languages(), true ) ) {
			update_user_meta( $user_id, 'locale', $wp_lang ); // Set user locale if defined on registration.
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Fires after a new user registration has been recorded.
	 *
	 * @since 4.4.0
	 *
	 * @param int $user_id ID of the newly registered user.
	 */
	do_action( 'register_new_user', $user_id );

	return $user_id;
}

/**
 * Initiates email notifications related to the creation of new users.
 *
 * Notifications are sent both to the site admin and to the newly created user.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 * @since 4.6.0 Converted the `$notify` parameter to accept 'user' for sending
 *              notifications only to the user created.
 *
 * @param int    $user_id ID of the newly created user.
 * @param string $notify  Optional. Type of notification that should happen. Accepts 'admin'
 *                        or an empty string (admin only), 'user', or 'both' (admin and user).
 *                        Default 'both'.
 */
function wp_send_new_user_notifications( $user_id, $notify = 'both' ) {
	wp_new_user_notification( $user_id, null, $notify );
}

/**
 * Retrieves the current session token from the logged_in cookie.
 *
 * @since 4.0.0
 *
 * @return string Token.
 */
function wp_get_session_token() {
	$cookie = wp_parse_auth_cookie( '', 'logged_in' );
	return ! empty( $cookie['token'] ) ? $cookie['token'] : '';
}

/**
 * Retrieves a list of sessions for the current user.
 *
 * @since 4.0.0
 *
 * @return array Array of sessions.
 */
function wp_get_all_sessions() {
	$manager = WP_Session_Tokens::get_instance( get_current_user_id() );
	return $manager->get_all();
}

/**
 * Removes the current session token from the database.
 *
 * @since 4.0.0
 */
function wp_destroy_current_session() {
	$token = wp_get_session_token();
	if ( $token ) {
		$manager = WP_Session_Tokens::get_instance( get_current_user_id() );
		$manager->destroy( $token );
	}
}

/**
 * Removes all but the current session token for the current user for the database.
 *
 * @since 4.0.0
 */
function wp_destroy_other_sessions() {
	$token = wp_get_session_token();
	if ( $token ) {
		$manager = WP_Session_Tokens::get_instance( get_current_user_id() );
		$manager->destroy_others( $token );
	}
}

/**
 * Removes all session tokens for the current user from the database.
 *
 * @since 4.0.0
 */
function wp_destroy_all_sessions() {
	$manager = WP_Session_Tokens::get_instance( get_current_user_id() );
	$manager->destroy_all();
}

/**
 * Gets the user IDs of all users with no role on this site.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 * @since 4.9.0 The `$site_id` parameter was added to support multisite.
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int|null $site_id Optional. The site ID to get users with no role for. Defaults to the current site.
 * @return string[] Array of user IDs as strings.
 */
function wp_get_users_with_no_role( $site_id = null ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( ! $site_id ) {
		$site_id = get_current_blog_id();
	}

	$prefix = $wpdb->get_blog_prefix( $site_id );

	if ( is_multisite() && get_current_blog_id() != $site_id ) {
		switch_to_blog( $site_id );
		$role_names = wp_roles()->get_names();
		restore_current_blog();
	} else {
		$role_names = wp_roles()->get_names();
	}

	$regex = implode( '|', array_keys( $role_names ) );
	$regex = preg_replace( '/[^a-zA-Z_\|-]/', '', $regex );
	$users = $wpdb->get_col(
		$wpdb->prepare(
			"
		SELECT user_id
		FROM $wpdb->usermeta
		WHERE meta_key = '{$prefix}capabilities'
		AND meta_value NOT REGEXP %s
	",
			$regex
		)
	);

	return $users;
}

/**
 * Retrieves the current user object.
 *
 * Will set the current user, if the current user is not set. The current user
 * will be set to the logged-in person. If no user is logged-in, then it will
 * set the current user to 0, which is invalid and won't have any permissions.
 *
 * This function is used by the pluggable functions wp_get_current_user() and
 * get_currentuserinfo(), the latter of which is deprecated but used for backward
 * compatibility.
 *
 * @since 4.5.0
 * @access private
 *
 * @see wp_get_current_user()
 * @global WP_User $current_user Checks if the current user is set.
 *
 * @return WP_User Current WP_User instance.
 */
function _wp_get_current_user() {
	global $current_user;

	if ( ! empty( $current_user ) ) {
		if ( $current_user instanceof WP_User ) {
			return $current_user;
		}

		// Upgrade stdClass to WP_User.
		if ( is_object( $current_user ) && isset( $current_user->ID ) ) {
			$cur_id       = $current_user->ID;
			$current_user = null;
			wp_set_current_user( $cur_id );
			return $current_user;
		}

		// $current_user has a junk value. Force to WP_User with ID 0.
		$current_user = null;
		wp_set_current_user( 0 );
		return $current_user;
	}

	if ( defined( 'XMLRPC_REQUEST' ) && XMLRPC_REQUEST ) {
		wp_set_current_user( 0 );
		return $current_user;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the current user.
	 *
	 * The default filters use this to determine the current user from the
	 * request's cookies, if available.
	 *
	 * Returning a value of false will effectively short-circuit setting
	 * the current user.
	 *
	 * @since 3.9.0
	 *
	 * @param int|false $user_id User ID if one has been determined, false otherwise.
	 */
	$user_id = apply_filters( 'determine_current_user', false );
	if ( ! $user_id ) {
		wp_set_current_user( 0 );
		return $current_user;
	}

	wp_set_current_user( $user_id );

	return $current_user;
}

/**
 * Sends a confirmation request email when a change of user email address is attempted.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 * @since 4.9.0 This function was moved from wp-admin/includes/ms.php so it's no longer Multisite specific.
 *
 * @global WP_Error $errors WP_Error object.
 */
function send_confirmation_on_profile_email() {
	global $errors;

	$current_user = wp_get_current_user();
	if ( ! is_object( $errors ) ) {
		$errors = new WP_Error();
	}

	if ( $current_user->ID != $_POST['user_id'] ) {
		return false;
	}

	if ( $current_user->user_email != $_POST['email'] ) {
		if ( ! is_email( $_POST['email'] ) ) {
			$errors->add(
				'user_email',
				__( '<strong>Error:</strong> The email address is not correct.' ),
				array(
					'form-field' => 'email',
				)
			);

			return;
		}

		if ( email_exists( $_POST['email'] ) ) {
			$errors->add(
				'user_email',
				__( '<strong>Error:</strong> The email address is already used.' ),
				array(
					'form-field' => 'email',
				)
			);
			delete_user_meta( $current_user->ID, '_new_email' );

			return;
		}

		$hash           = md5( $_POST['email'] . time() . wp_rand() );
		$new_user_email = array(
			'hash'     => $hash,
			'newemail' => $_POST['email'],
		);
		update_user_meta( $current_user->ID, '_new_email', $new_user_email );

		$sitename = wp_specialchars_decode( get_option( 'blogname' ), ENT_QUOTES );

		/* translators: Do not translate USERNAME, ADMIN_URL, EMAIL, SITENAME, SITEURL: those are placeholders. */
		$email_text = __(
			'Howdy ###USERNAME###,

You recently requested to have the email address on your account changed.

If this is correct, please click on the following link to change it:
###ADMIN_URL###

You can safely ignore and delete this email if you do not want to
take this action.

This email has been sent to ###EMAIL###

Regards,
All at ###SITENAME###
###SITEURL###'
		);

		/**
		 * Filters the text of the email sent when a change of user email address is attempted.
		 *
		 * The following strings have a special meaning and will get replaced dynamically:
		 * - ###USERNAME###  The current user's username.
		 * - ###ADMIN_URL### The link to click on to confirm the email change.
		 * - ###EMAIL###     The new email.
		 * - ###SITENAME###  The name of the site.
		 * - ###SITEURL###   The URL to the site.
		 *
		 * @since MU (3.0.0)
		 * @since 4.9.0 This filter is no longer Multisite specific.
		 *
		 * @param string $email_text     Text in the email.
		 * @param array  $new_user_email {
		 *     Data relating to the new user email address.
		 *
		 *     @type string $hash     The secure hash used in the confirmation link URL.
		 *     @type string $newemail The proposed new email address.
		 * }
		 */
		$content = apply_filters( 'new_user_email_content', $email_text, $new_user_email );

		$content = str_replace( '###USERNAME###', $current_user->user_login, $content );
		$content = str_replace( '###ADMIN_URL###', esc_url( self_admin_url( 'profile.php?newuseremail=' . $hash ) ), $content );
		$content = str_replace( '###EMAIL###', $_POST['email'], $content );
		$content = str_replace( '###SITENAME###', $sitename, $content );
		$content = str_replace( '###SITEURL###', home_url(), $content );

		/* translators: New email address notification email subject. %s: Site title. */
		wp_mail( $_POST['email'], sprintf( __( '[%s] Email Change Request' ), $sitename ), $content );

		$_POST['email'] = $current_user->user_email;
	}
}

/**
 * Adds an admin notice alerting the user to check for confirmation request email
 * after email address change.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 * @since 4.9.0 This function was moved from wp-admin/includes/ms.php so it's no longer Multisite specific.
 *
 * @global string $pagenow The filename of the current screen.
 */
function new_user_email_admin_notice() {
	global $pagenow;

	if ( 'profile.php' === $pagenow && isset( $_GET['updated'] ) ) {
		$email = get_user_meta( get_current_user_id(), '_new_email', true );
		if ( $email ) {
			/* translators: %s: New email address. */
			echo '<div class="notice notice-info"><p>' . sprintf( __( 'Your email address has not been updated yet. Please check your inbox at %s for a confirmation email.' ), '<code>' . esc_html( $email['newemail'] ) . '</code>' ) . '</p></div>';
		}
	}
}

/**
 * Gets all personal data request types.
 *
 * @since 4.9.6
 * @access private
 *
 * @return string[] List of core privacy action types.
 */
function _wp_privacy_action_request_types() {
	return array(
		'export_personal_data',
		'remove_personal_data',
	);
}

/**
 * Registers the personal data exporter for users.
 *
 * @since 4.9.6
 *
 * @param array[] $exporters An array of personal data exporters.
 * @return array[] An array of personal data exporters.
 */
function wp_register_user_personal_data_exporter( $exporters ) {
	$exporters['wordpress-user'] = array(
		'exporter_friendly_name' => __( 'WordPress User' ),
		'callback'               => 'wp_user_personal_data_exporter',
	);

	return $exporters;
}

/**
 * Finds and exports personal data associated with an email address from the user and user_meta table.
 *
 * @since 4.9.6
 * @since 5.4.0 Added 'Community Events Location' group to the export data.
 * @since 5.4.0 Added 'Session Tokens' group to the export data.
 *
 * @param string $email_address  The user's email address.
 * @return array An array of personal data.
 */
function wp_user_personal_data_exporter( $email_address ) {
	$email_address = trim( $email_address );

	$data_to_export = array();

	$user = get_user_by( 'email', $email_address );

	if ( ! $user ) {
		return array(
			'data' => array(),
			'done' => true,
		);
	}

	$user_meta = get_user_meta( $user->ID );

	$user_props_to_export = array(
		'ID'              => __( 'User ID' ),
		'user_login'      => __( 'User Login Name' ),
		'user_nicename'   => __( 'User Nice Name' ),
		'user_email'      => __( 'User Email' ),
		'user_url'        => __( 'User URL' ),
		'user_registered' => __( 'User Registration Date' ),
		'display_name'    => __( 'User Display Name' ),
		'nickname'        => __( 'User Nickname' ),
		'first_name'      => __( 'User First Name' ),
		'last_name'       => __( 'User Last Name' ),
		'description'     => __( 'User Description' ),
	);

	$user_data_to_export = array();

	foreach ( $user_props_to_export as $key => $name ) {
		$value = '';

		switch ( $key ) {
			case 'ID':
			case 'user_login':
			case 'user_nicename':
			case 'user_email':
			case 'user_url':
			case 'user_registered':
			case 'display_name':
				$value = $user->data->$key;
				break;
			case 'nickname':
			case 'first_name':
			case 'last_name':
			case 'description':
				$value = $user_meta[ $key ][0];
				break;
		}

		if ( ! empty( $value ) ) {
			$user_data_to_export[] = array(
				'name'  => $name,
				'value' => $value,
			);
		}
	}

	// Get the list of reserved names.
	$reserved_names = array_values( $user_props_to_export );

	/**
	 * Filters the user's profile data for the privacy exporter.
	 *
	 * @since 5.4.0
	 *
	 * @param array    $additional_user_profile_data {
	 *     An array of name-value pairs of additional user data items. Default empty array.
	 *
	 *     @type string $name  The user-facing name of an item name-value pair,e.g. 'IP Address'.
	 *     @type string $value The user-facing value of an item data pair, e.g. '50.60.70.0'.
	 * }
	 * @param WP_User  $user           The user whose data is being exported.
	 * @param string[] $reserved_names An array of reserved names. Any item in `$additional_user_data`
	 *                                 that uses one of these for its `name` will not be included in the export.
	 */
	$_extra_data = apply_filters( 'wp_privacy_additional_user_profile_data', array(), $user, $reserved_names );

	if ( is_array( $_extra_data ) && ! empty( $_extra_data ) ) {
		// Remove items that use reserved names.
		$extra_data = array_filter(
			$_extra_data,
			static function( $item ) use ( $reserved_names ) {
				return ! in_array( $item['name'], $reserved_names, true );
			}
		);

		if ( count( $extra_data ) !== count( $_extra_data ) ) {
			_doing_it_wrong(
				__FUNCTION__,
				sprintf(
					/* translators: %s: wp_privacy_additional_user_profile_data */
					__( 'Filter %s returned items with reserved names.' ),
					'<code>wp_privacy_additional_user_profile_data</code>'
				),
				'5.4.0'
			);
		}

		if ( ! empty( $extra_data ) ) {
			$user_data_to_export = array_merge( $user_data_to_export, $extra_data );
		}
	}

	$data_to_export[] = array(
		'group_id'          => 'user',
		'group_label'       => __( 'User' ),
		'group_description' => __( 'User&#8217;s profile data.' ),
		'item_id'           => "user-{$user->ID}",
		'data'              => $user_data_to_export,
	);

	if ( isset( $user_meta['community-events-location'] ) ) {
		$location = maybe_unserialize( $user_meta['community-events-location'][0] );

		$location_props_to_export = array(
			'description' => __( 'City' ),
			'country'     => __( 'Country' ),
			'latitude'    => __( 'Latitude' ),
			'longitude'   => __( 'Longitude' ),
			'ip'          => __( 'IP' ),
		);

		$location_data_to_export = array();

		foreach ( $location_props_to_export as $key => $name ) {
			if ( ! empty( $location[ $key ] ) ) {
				$location_data_to_export[] = array(
					'name'  => $name,
					'value' => $location[ $key ],
				);
			}
		}

		$data_to_export[] = array(
			'group_id'          => 'community-events-location',
			'group_label'       => __( 'Community Events Location' ),
			'group_description' => __( 'User&#8217;s location data used for the Community Events in the WordPress Events and News dashboard widget.' ),
			'item_id'           => "community-events-location-{$user->ID}",
			'data'              => $location_data_to_export,
		);
	}

	if ( isset( $user_meta['session_tokens'] ) ) {
		$session_tokens = maybe_unserialize( $user_meta['session_tokens'][0] );

		$session_tokens_props_to_export = array(
			'expiration' => __( 'Expiration' ),
			'ip'         => __( 'IP' ),
			'ua'         => __( 'User Agent' ),
			'login'      => __( 'Last Login' ),
		);

		foreach ( $session_tokens as $token_key => $session_token ) {
			$session_tokens_data_to_export = array();

			foreach ( $session_tokens_props_to_export as $key => $name ) {
				if ( ! empty( $session_token[ $key ] ) ) {
					$value = $session_token[ $key ];
					if ( in_array( $key, array( 'expiration', 'login' ), true ) ) {
						$value = date_i18n( 'F d, Y H:i A', $value );
					}
					$session_tokens_data_to_export[] = array(
						'name'  => $name,
						'value' => $value,
					);
				}
			}

			$data_to_export[] = array(
				'group_id'          => 'session-tokens',
				'group_label'       => __( 'Session Tokens' ),
				'group_description' => __( 'User&#8217;s Session Tokens data.' ),
				'item_id'           => "session-tokens-{$user->ID}-{$token_key}",
				'data'              => $session_tokens_data_to_export,
			);
		}
	}

	return array(
		'data' => $data_to_export,
		'done' => true,
	);
}

/**
 * Updates log when privacy request is confirmed.
 *
 * @since 4.9.6
 * @access private
 *
 * @param int $request_id ID of the request.
 */
function _wp_privacy_account_request_confirmed( $request_id ) {
	$request = wp_get_user_request( $request_id );

	if ( ! $request ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( ! in_array( $request->status, array( 'request-pending', 'request-failed' ), true ) ) {
		return;
	}

	update_post_meta( $request_id, '_wp_user_request_confirmed_timestamp', time() );
	wp_update_post(
		array(
			'ID'          => $request_id,
			'post_status' => 'request-confirmed',
		)
	);
}

/**
 * Notifies the site administrator via email when a request is confirmed.
 *
 * Without this, the admin would have to manually check the site to see if any
 * action was needed on their part yet.
 *
 * @since 4.9.6
 *
 * @param int $request_id The ID of the request.
 */
function _wp_privacy_send_request_confirmation_notification( $request_id ) {
	$request = wp_get_user_request( $request_id );

	if ( ! is_a( $request, 'WP_User_Request' ) || 'request-confirmed' !== $request->status ) {
		return;
	}

	$already_notified = (bool) get_post_meta( $request_id, '_wp_admin_notified', true );

	if ( $already_notified ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( 'export_personal_data' === $request->action_name ) {
		$manage_url = admin_url( 'export-personal-data.php' );
	} elseif ( 'remove_personal_data' === $request->action_name ) {
		$manage_url = admin_url( 'erase-personal-data.php' );
	}
	$action_description = wp_user_request_action_description( $request->action_name );

	/**
	 * Filters the recipient of the data request confirmation notification.
	 *
	 * In a Multisite environment, this will default to the email address of the
	 * network admin because, by default, single site admins do not have the
	 * capabilities required to process requests. Some networks may wish to
	 * delegate those capabilities to a single-site admin, or a dedicated person
	 * responsible for managing privacy requests.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.6
	 *
	 * @param string          $admin_email The email address of the notification recipient.
	 * @param WP_User_Request $request     The request that is initiating the notification.
	 */
	$admin_email = apply_filters( 'user_request_confirmed_email_to', get_site_option( 'admin_email' ), $request );

	$email_data = array(
		'request'     => $request,
		'user_email'  => $request->email,
		'description' => $action_description,
		'manage_url'  => $manage_url,
		'sitename'    => wp_specialchars_decode( get_option( 'blogname' ), ENT_QUOTES ),
		'siteurl'     => home_url(),
		'admin_email' => $admin_email,
	);

	$subject = sprintf(
		/* translators: Privacy data request confirmed notification email subject. 1: Site title, 2: Name of the confirmed action. */
		__( '[%1$s] Action Confirmed: %2$s' ),
		$email_data['sitename'],
		$action_description
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the subject of the user request confirmation email.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.8
	 *
	 * @param string $subject    The email subject.
	 * @param string $sitename   The name of the site.
	 * @param array  $email_data {
	 *     Data relating to the account action email.
	 *
	 *     @type WP_User_Request $request     User request object.
	 *     @type string          $user_email  The email address confirming a request
	 *     @type string          $description Description of the action being performed so the user knows what the email is for.
	 *     @type string          $manage_url  The link to click manage privacy requests of this type.
	 *     @type string          $sitename    The site name sending the mail.
	 *     @type string          $siteurl     The site URL sending the mail.
	 *     @type string          $admin_email The administrator email receiving the mail.
	 * }
	 */
	$subject = apply_filters( 'user_request_confirmed_email_subject', $subject, $email_data['sitename'], $email_data );

	/* translators: Do not translate SITENAME, USER_EMAIL, DESCRIPTION, MANAGE_URL, SITEURL; those are placeholders. */
	$content = __(
		'Howdy,

A user data privacy request has been confirmed on ###SITENAME###:

User: ###USER_EMAIL###
Request: ###DESCRIPTION###

You can view and manage these data privacy requests here:

###MANAGE_URL###

Regards,
All at ###SITENAME###
###SITEURL###'
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the body of the user request confirmation email.
	 *
	 * The email is sent to an administrator when a user request is confirmed.
	 *
	 * The following strings have a special meaning and will get replaced dynamically:
	 *
	 * ###SITENAME###    The name of the site.
	 * ###USER_EMAIL###  The user email for the request.
	 * ###DESCRIPTION### Description of the action being performed so the user knows what the email is for.
	 * ###MANAGE_URL###  The URL to manage requests.
	 * ###SITEURL###     The URL to the site.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.6
	 * @deprecated 5.8.0 Use {@see 'user_request_confirmed_email_content'} instead.
	 *                   For user erasure fulfillment email content
	 *                   use {@see 'user_erasure_fulfillment_email_content'} instead.
	 *
	 * @param string $content    The email content.
	 * @param array  $email_data {
	 *     Data relating to the account action email.
	 *
	 *     @type WP_User_Request $request     User request object.
	 *     @type string          $user_email  The email address confirming a request
	 *     @type string          $description Description of the action being performed
	 *                                        so the user knows what the email is for.
	 *     @type string          $manage_url  The link to click manage privacy requests of this type.
	 *     @type string          $sitename    The site name sending the mail.
	 *     @type string          $siteurl     The site URL sending the mail.
	 *     @type string          $admin_email The administrator email receiving the mail.
	 * }
	 */
	$content = apply_filters_deprecated(
		'user_confirmed_action_email_content',
		array( $content, $email_data ),
		'5.8.0',
		sprintf(
			/* translators: 1 & 2: Deprecation replacement options. */
			__( '%1$s or %2$s' ),
			'user_request_confirmed_email_content',
			'user_erasure_fulfillment_email_content'
		)
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the body of the user request confirmation email.
	 *
	 * The email is sent to an administrator when a user request is confirmed.
	 * The following strings have a special meaning and will get replaced dynamically:
	 *
	 * ###SITENAME###    The name of the site.
	 * ###USER_EMAIL###  The user email for the request.
	 * ###DESCRIPTION### Description of the action being performed so the user knows what the email is for.
	 * ###MANAGE_URL###  The URL to manage requests.
	 * ###SITEURL###     The URL to the site.
	 *
	 * @since 5.8.0
	 *
	 * @param string $content    The email content.
	 * @param array  $email_data {
	 *     Data relating to the account action email.
	 *
	 *     @type WP_User_Request $request     User request object.
	 *     @type string          $user_email  The email address confirming a request
	 *     @type string          $description Description of the action being performed so the user knows what the email is for.
	 *     @type string          $manage_url  The link to click manage privacy requests of this type.
	 *     @type string          $sitename    The site name sending the mail.
	 *     @type string          $siteurl     The site URL sending the mail.
	 *     @type string          $admin_email The administrator email receiving the mail.
	 * }
	 */
	$content = apply_filters( 'user_request_confirmed_email_content', $content, $email_data );

	$content = str_replace( '###SITENAME###', $email_data['sitename'], $content );
	$content = str_replace( '###USER_EMAIL###', $email_data['user_email'], $content );
	$content = str_replace( '###DESCRIPTION###', $email_data['description'], $content );
	$content = str_replace( '###MANAGE_URL###', sanitize_url( $email_data['manage_url'] ), $content );
	$content = str_replace( '###SITEURL###', sanitize_url( $email_data['siteurl'] ), $content );

	$headers = '';

	/**
	 * Filters the headers of the user request confirmation email.
	 *
	 * @since 5.4.0
	 *
	 * @param string|array $headers    The email headers.
	 * @param string       $subject    The email subject.
	 * @param string       $content    The email content.
	 * @param int          $request_id The request ID.
	 * @param array        $email_data {
	 *     Data relating to the account action email.
	 *
	 *     @type WP_User_Request $request     User request object.
	 *     @type string          $user_email  The email address confirming a request
	 *     @type string          $description Description of the action being performed so the user knows what the email is for.
	 *     @type string          $manage_url  The link to click manage privacy requests of this type.
	 *     @type string          $sitename    The site name sending the mail.
	 *     @type string          $siteurl     The site URL sending the mail.
	 *     @type string          $admin_email The administrator email receiving the mail.
	 * }
	 */
	$headers = apply_filters( 'user_request_confirmed_email_headers', $headers, $subject, $content, $request_id, $email_data );

	$email_sent = wp_mail( $email_data['admin_email'], $subject, $content, $headers );

	if ( $email_sent ) {
		update_post_meta( $request_id, '_wp_admin_notified', true );
	}
}

/**
 * Notifies the user when their erasure request is fulfilled.
 *
 * Without this, the user would never know if their data was actually erased.
 *
 * @since 4.9.6
 *
 * @param int $request_id The privacy request post ID associated with this request.
 */
function _wp_privacy_send_erasure_fulfillment_notification( $request_id ) {
	$request = wp_get_user_request( $request_id );

	if ( ! is_a( $request, 'WP_User_Request' ) || 'request-completed' !== $request->status ) {
		return;
	}

	$already_notified = (bool) get_post_meta( $request_id, '_wp_user_notified', true );

	if ( $already_notified ) {
		return;
	}

	// Localize message content for user; fallback to site default for visitors.
	if ( ! empty( $request->user_id ) ) {
		$switched_locale = switch_to_user_locale( $request->user_id );
	} else {
		$switched_locale = switch_to_locale( get_locale() );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the recipient of the data erasure fulfillment notification.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.6
	 *
	 * @param string          $user_email The email address of the notification recipient.
	 * @param WP_User_Request $request    The request that is initiating the notification.
	 */
	$user_email = apply_filters( 'user_erasure_fulfillment_email_to', $request->email, $request );

	$email_data = array(
		'request'            => $request,
		'message_recipient'  => $user_email,
		'privacy_policy_url' => get_privacy_policy_url(),
		'sitename'           => wp_specialchars_decode( get_option( 'blogname' ), ENT_QUOTES ),
		'siteurl'            => home_url(),
	);

	$subject = sprintf(
		/* translators: Erasure request fulfilled notification email subject. %s: Site title. */
		__( '[%s] Erasure Request Fulfilled' ),
		$email_data['sitename']
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the subject of the email sent when an erasure request is completed.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.8
	 * @deprecated 5.8.0 Use {@see 'user_erasure_fulfillment_email_subject'} instead.
	 *
	 * @param string $subject    The email subject.
	 * @param string $sitename   The name of the site.
	 * @param array  $email_data {
	 *     Data relating to the account action email.
	 *
	 *     @type WP_User_Request $request            User request object.
	 *     @type string          $message_recipient  The address that the email will be sent to. Defaults
	 *                                               to the value of `$request->email`, but can be changed
	 *                                               by the `user_erasure_fulfillment_email_to` filter.
	 *     @type string          $privacy_policy_url Privacy policy URL.
	 *     @type string          $sitename           The site name sending the mail.
	 *     @type string          $siteurl            The site URL sending the mail.
	 * }
	 */
	$subject = apply_filters_deprecated(
		'user_erasure_complete_email_subject',
		array( $subject, $email_data['sitename'], $email_data ),
		'5.8.0',
		'user_erasure_fulfillment_email_subject'
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the subject of the email sent when an erasure request is completed.
	 *
	 * @since 5.8.0
	 *
	 * @param string $subject    The email subject.
	 * @param string $sitename   The name of the site.
	 * @param array  $email_data {
	 *     Data relating to the account action email.
	 *
	 *     @type WP_User_Request $request            User request object.
	 *     @type string          $message_recipient  The address that the email will be sent to. Defaults
	 *                                               to the value of `$request->email`, but can be changed
	 *                                               by the `user_erasure_fulfillment_email_to` filter.
	 *     @type string          $privacy_policy_url Privacy policy URL.
	 *     @type string          $sitename           The site name sending the mail.
	 *     @type string          $siteurl            The site URL sending the mail.
	 * }
	 */
	$subject = apply_filters( 'user_erasure_fulfillment_email_subject', $subject, $email_data['sitename'], $email_data );

	/* translators: Do not translate SITENAME, SITEURL; those are placeholders. */
	$content = __(
		'Howdy,

Your request to erase your personal data on ###SITENAME### has been completed.

If you have any follow-up questions or concerns, please contact the site administrator.

Regards,
All at ###SITENAME###
###SITEURL###'
	);

	if ( ! empty( $email_data['privacy_policy_url'] ) ) {
		/* translators: Do not translate SITENAME, SITEURL, PRIVACY_POLICY_URL; those are placeholders. */
		$content = __(
			'Howdy,

Your request to erase your personal data on ###SITENAME### has been completed.

If you have any follow-up questions or concerns, please contact the site administrator.

For more information, you can also read our privacy policy: ###PRIVACY_POLICY_URL###

Regards,
All at ###SITENAME###
###SITEURL###'
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the body of the data erasure fulfillment notification.
	 *
	 * The email is sent to a user when their data erasure request is fulfilled
	 * by an administrator.
	 *
	 * The following strings have a special meaning and will get replaced dynamically:
	 *
	 * ###SITENAME###           The name of the site.
	 * ###PRIVACY_POLICY_URL### Privacy policy page URL.
	 * ###SITEURL###            The URL to the site.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.6
	 * @deprecated 5.8.0 Use {@see 'user_erasure_fulfillment_email_content'} instead.
	 *                   For user request confirmation email content
	 *                   use {@see 'user_request_confirmed_email_content'} instead.
	 *
	 * @param string $content The email content.
	 * @param array  $email_data {
	 *     Data relating to the account action email.
	 *
	 *     @type WP_User_Request $request            User request object.
	 *     @type string          $message_recipient  The address that the email will be sent to. Defaults
	 *                                               to the value of `$request->email`, but can be changed
	 *                                               by the `user_erasure_fulfillment_email_to` filter.
	 *     @type string          $privacy_policy_url Privacy policy URL.
	 *     @type string          $sitename           The site name sending the mail.
	 *     @type string          $siteurl            The site URL sending the mail.
	 * }
	 */
	$content = apply_filters_deprecated(
		'user_confirmed_action_email_content',
		array( $content, $email_data ),
		'5.8.0',
		sprintf(
			/* translators: 1 & 2: Deprecation replacement options. */
			__( '%1$s or %2$s' ),
			'user_erasure_fulfillment_email_content',
			'user_request_confirmed_email_content'
		)
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the body of the data erasure fulfillment notification.
	 *
	 * The email is sent to a user when their data erasure request is fulfilled
	 * by an administrator.
	 *
	 * The following strings have a special meaning and will get replaced dynamically:
	 *
	 * ###SITENAME###           The name of the site.
	 * ###PRIVACY_POLICY_URL### Privacy policy page URL.
	 * ###SITEURL###            The URL to the site.
	 *
	 * @since 5.8.0
	 *
	 * @param string $content The email content.
	 * @param array  $email_data {
	 *     Data relating to the account action email.
	 *
	 *     @type WP_User_Request $request            User request object.
	 *     @type string          $message_recipient  The address that the email will be sent to. Defaults
	 *                                               to the value of `$request->email`, but can be changed
	 *                                               by the `user_erasure_fulfillment_email_to` filter.
	 *     @type string          $privacy_policy_url Privacy policy URL.
	 *     @type string          $sitename           The site name sending the mail.
	 *     @type string          $siteurl            The site URL sending the mail.
	 * }
	 */
	$content = apply_filters( 'user_erasure_fulfillment_email_content', $content, $email_data );

	$content = str_replace( '###SITENAME###', $email_data['sitename'], $content );
	$content = str_replace( '###PRIVACY_POLICY_URL###', $email_data['privacy_policy_url'], $content );
	$content = str_replace( '###SITEURL###', sanitize_url( $email_data['siteurl'] ), $content );

	$headers = '';

	/**
	 * Filters the headers of the data erasure fulfillment notification.
	 *
	 * @since 5.4.0
	 * @deprecated 5.8.0 Use {@see 'user_erasure_fulfillment_email_headers'} instead.
	 *
	 * @param string|array $headers    The email headers.
	 * @param string       $subject    The email subject.
	 * @param string       $content    The email content.
	 * @param int          $request_id The request ID.
	 * @param array        $email_data {
	 *     Data relating to the account action email.
	 *
	 *     @type WP_User_Request $request            User request object.
	 *     @type string          $message_recipient  The address that the email will be sent to. Defaults
	 *                                               to the value of `$request->email`, but can be changed
	 *                                               by the `user_erasure_fulfillment_email_to` filter.
	 *     @type string          $privacy_policy_url Privacy policy URL.
	 *     @type string          $sitename           The site name sending the mail.
	 *     @type string          $siteurl            The site URL sending the mail.
	 * }
	 */
	$headers = apply_filters_deprecated(
		'user_erasure_complete_email_headers',
		array( $headers, $subject, $content, $request_id, $email_data ),
		'5.8.0',
		'user_erasure_fulfillment_email_headers'
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the headers of the data erasure fulfillment notification.
	 *
	 * @since 5.8.0
	 *
	 * @param string|array $headers    The email headers.
	 * @param string       $subject    The email subject.
	 * @param string       $content    The email content.
	 * @param int          $request_id The request ID.
	 * @param array        $email_data {
	 *     Data relating to the account action email.
	 *
	 *     @type WP_User_Request $request            User request object.
	 *     @type string          $message_recipient  The address that the email will be sent to. Defaults
	 *                                               to the value of `$request->email`, but can be changed
	 *                                               by the `user_erasure_fulfillment_email_to` filter.
	 *     @type string          $privacy_policy_url Privacy policy URL.
	 *     @type string          $sitename           The site name sending the mail.
	 *     @type string          $siteurl            The site URL sending the mail.
	 * }
	 */
	$headers = apply_filters( 'user_erasure_fulfillment_email_headers', $headers, $subject, $content, $request_id, $email_data );

	$email_sent = wp_mail( $user_email, $subject, $content, $headers );

	if ( $switched_locale ) {
		restore_previous_locale();
	}

	if ( $email_sent ) {
		update_post_meta( $request_id, '_wp_user_notified', true );
	}
}

/**
 * Returns request confirmation message HTML.
 *
 * @since 4.9.6
 * @access private
 *
 * @param int $request_id The request ID being confirmed.
 * @return string The confirmation message.
 */
function _wp_privacy_account_request_confirmed_message( $request_id ) {
	$request = wp_get_user_request( $request_id );

	$message  = '<p class="success">' . __( 'Action has been confirmed.' ) . '</p>';
	$message .= '<p>' . __( 'The site administrator has been notified and will fulfill your request as soon as possible.' ) . '</p>';

	if ( $request && in_array( $request->action_name, _wp_privacy_action_request_types(), true ) ) {
		if ( 'export_personal_data' === $request->action_name ) {
			$message  = '<p class="success">' . __( 'Thanks for confirming your export request.' ) . '</p>';
			$message .= '<p>' . __( 'The site administrator has been notified. You will receive a link to download your export via email when they fulfill your request.' ) . '</p>';
		} elseif ( 'remove_personal_data' === $request->action_name ) {
			$message  = '<p class="success">' . __( 'Thanks for confirming your erasure request.' ) . '</p>';
			$message .= '<p>' . __( 'The site administrator has been notified. You will receive an email confirmation when they erase your data.' ) . '</p>';
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the message displayed to a user when they confirm a data request.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.6
	 *
	 * @param string $message    The message to the user.
	 * @param int    $request_id The ID of the request being confirmed.
	 */
	$message = apply_filters( 'user_request_action_confirmed_message', $message, $request_id );

	return $message;
}

/**
 * Creates and logs a user request to perform a specific action.
 *
 * Requests are stored inside a post type named `user_request` since they can apply to both
 * users on the site, or guests without a user account.
 *
 * @since 4.9.6
 * @since 5.7.0 Added the `$status` parameter.
 *
 * @param string $email_address           User email address. This can be the address of a registered
 *                                        or non-registered user.
 * @param string $action_name             Name of the action that is being confirmed. Required.
 * @param array  $request_data            Misc data you want to send with the verification request and pass
 *                                        to the actions once the request is confirmed.
 * @param string $status                  Optional request status (pending or confirmed). Default 'pending'.
 * @return int|WP_Error                   Returns the request ID if successful, or a WP_Error object on failure.
 */
function wp_create_user_request( $email_address = '', $action_name = '', $request_data = array(), $status = 'pending' ) {
	$email_address = sanitize_email( $email_address );
	$action_name   = sanitize_key( $action_name );

	if ( ! is_email( $email_address ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_email', __( 'Invalid email address.' ) );
	}

	if ( ! in_array( $action_name, _wp_privacy_action_request_types(), true ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_action', __( 'Invalid action name.' ) );
	}

	if ( ! in_array( $status, array( 'pending', 'confirmed' ), true ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_status', __( 'Invalid request status.' ) );
	}

	$user    = get_user_by( 'email', $email_address );
	$user_id = $user && ! is_wp_error( $user ) ? $user->ID : 0;

	// Check for duplicates.
	$requests_query = new WP_Query(
		array(
			'post_type'     => 'user_request',
			'post_name__in' => array( $action_name ), // Action name stored in post_name column.
			'title'         => $email_address,        // Email address stored in post_title column.
			'post_status'   => array(
				'request-pending',
				'request-confirmed',
			),
			'fields'        => 'ids',
		)
	);

	if ( $requests_query->found_posts ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'duplicate_request', __( 'An incomplete personal data request for this email address already exists.' ) );
	}

	$request_id = wp_insert_post(
		array(
			'post_author'   => $user_id,
			'post_name'     => $action_name,
			'post_title'    => $email_address,
			'post_content'  => wp_json_encode( $request_data ),
			'post_status'   => 'request-' . $status,
			'post_type'     => 'user_request',
			'post_date'     => current_time( 'mysql', false ),
			'post_date_gmt' => current_time( 'mysql', true ),
		),
		true
	);

	return $request_id;
}

/**
 * Gets action description from the name and return a string.
 *
 * @since 4.9.6
 *
 * @param string $action_name Action name of the request.
 * @return string Human readable action name.
 */
function wp_user_request_action_description( $action_name ) {
	switch ( $action_name ) {
		case 'export_personal_data':
			$description = __( 'Export Personal Data' );
			break;
		case 'remove_personal_data':
			$description = __( 'Erase Personal Data' );
			break;
		default:
			/* translators: %s: Action name. */
			$description = sprintf( __( 'Confirm the "%s" action' ), $action_name );
			break;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the user action description.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.6
	 *
	 * @param string $description The default description.
	 * @param string $action_name The name of the request.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'user_request_action_description', $description, $action_name );
}

/**
 * Send a confirmation request email to confirm an action.
 *
 * If the request is not already pending, it will be updated.
 *
 * @since 4.9.6
 *
 * @param string $request_id ID of the request created via wp_create_user_request().
 * @return true|WP_Error True on success, `WP_Error` on failure.
 */
function wp_send_user_request( $request_id ) {
	$request_id = absint( $request_id );
	$request    = wp_get_user_request( $request_id );

	if ( ! $request ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_request', __( 'Invalid personal data request.' ) );
	}

	// Localize message content for user; fallback to site default for visitors.
	if ( ! empty( $request->user_id ) ) {
		$switched_locale = switch_to_user_locale( $request->user_id );
	} else {
		$switched_locale = switch_to_locale( get_locale() );
	}

	$email_data = array(
		'request'     => $request,
		'email'       => $request->email,
		'description' => wp_user_request_action_description( $request->action_name ),
		'confirm_url' => add_query_arg(
			array(
				'action'      => 'confirmaction',
				'request_id'  => $request_id,
				'confirm_key' => wp_generate_user_request_key( $request_id ),
			),
			wp_login_url()
		),
		'sitename'    => wp_specialchars_decode( get_option( 'blogname' ), ENT_QUOTES ),
		'siteurl'     => home_url(),
	);

	/* translators: Confirm privacy data request notification email subject. 1: Site title, 2: Name of the action. */
	$subject = sprintf( __( '[%1$s] Confirm Action: %2$s' ), $email_data['sitename'], $email_data['description'] );

	/**
	 * Filters the subject of the email sent when an account action is attempted.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.6
	 *
	 * @param string $subject    The email subject.
	 * @param string $sitename   The name of the site.
	 * @param array  $email_data {
	 *     Data relating to the account action email.
	 *
	 *     @type WP_User_Request $request     User request object.
	 *     @type string          $email       The email address this is being sent to.
	 *     @type string          $description Description of the action being performed so the user knows what the email is for.
	 *     @type string          $confirm_url The link to click on to confirm the account action.
	 *     @type string          $sitename    The site name sending the mail.
	 *     @type string          $siteurl     The site URL sending the mail.
	 * }
	 */
	$subject = apply_filters( 'user_request_action_email_subject', $subject, $email_data['sitename'], $email_data );

	/* translators: Do not translate DESCRIPTION, CONFIRM_URL, SITENAME, SITEURL: those are placeholders. */
	$content = __(
		'Howdy,

A request has been made to perform the following action on your account:

     ###DESCRIPTION###

To confirm this, please click on the following link:
###CONFIRM_URL###

You can safely ignore and delete this email if you do not want to
take this action.

Regards,
All at ###SITENAME###
###SITEURL###'
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the text of the email sent when an account action is attempted.
	 *
	 * The following strings have a special meaning and will get replaced dynamically:
	 *
	 * ###DESCRIPTION### Description of the action being performed so the user knows what the email is for.
	 * ###CONFIRM_URL### The link to click on to confirm the account action.
	 * ###SITENAME###    The name of the site.
	 * ###SITEURL###     The URL to the site.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.6
	 *
	 * @param string $content Text in the email.
	 * @param array  $email_data {
	 *     Data relating to the account action email.
	 *
	 *     @type WP_User_Request $request     User request object.
	 *     @type string          $email       The email address this is being sent to.
	 *     @type string          $description Description of the action being performed so the user knows what the email is for.
	 *     @type string          $confirm_url The link to click on to confirm the account action.
	 *     @type string          $sitename    The site name sending the mail.
	 *     @type string          $siteurl     The site URL sending the mail.
	 * }
	 */
	$content = apply_filters( 'user_request_action_email_content', $content, $email_data );

	$content = str_replace( '###DESCRIPTION###', $email_data['description'], $content );
	$content = str_replace( '###CONFIRM_URL###', sanitize_url( $email_data['confirm_url'] ), $content );
	$content = str_replace( '###EMAIL###', $email_data['email'], $content );
	$content = str_replace( '###SITENAME###', $email_data['sitename'], $content );
	$content = str_replace( '###SITEURL###', sanitize_url( $email_data['siteurl'] ), $content );

	$headers = '';

	/**
	 * Filters the headers of the email sent when an account action is attempted.
	 *
	 * @since 5.4.0
	 *
	 * @param string|array $headers    The email headers.
	 * @param string       $subject    The email subject.
	 * @param string       $content    The email content.
	 * @param int          $request_id The request ID.
	 * @param array        $email_data {
	 *     Data relating to the account action email.
	 *
	 *     @type WP_User_Request $request     User request object.
	 *     @type string          $email       The email address this is being sent to.
	 *     @type string          $description Description of the action being performed so the user knows what the email is for.
	 *     @type string          $confirm_url The link to click on to confirm the account action.
	 *     @type string          $sitename    The site name sending the mail.
	 *     @type string          $siteurl     The site URL sending the mail.
	 * }
	 */
	$headers = apply_filters( 'user_request_action_email_headers', $headers, $subject, $content, $request_id, $email_data );

	$email_sent = wp_mail( $email_data['email'], $subject, $content, $headers );

	if ( $switched_locale ) {
		restore_previous_locale();
	}

	if ( ! $email_sent ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'privacy_email_error', __( 'Unable to send personal data export confirmation email.' ) );
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Returns a confirmation key for a user action and stores the hashed version for future comparison.
 *
 * @since 4.9.6
 *
 * @param int $request_id Request ID.
 * @return string Confirmation key.
 */
function wp_generate_user_request_key( $request_id ) {
	global $wp_hasher;

	// Generate something random for a confirmation key.
	$key = wp_generate_password( 20, false );

	// Return the key, hashed.
	if ( empty( $wp_hasher ) ) {
		require_once ABSPATH . WPINC . '/class-phpass.php';
		$wp_hasher = new PasswordHash( 8, true );
	}

	wp_update_post(
		array(
			'ID'            => $request_id,
			'post_status'   => 'request-pending',
			'post_password' => $wp_hasher->HashPassword( $key ),
		)
	);

	return $key;
}

/**
 * Validates a user request by comparing the key with the request's key.
 *
 * @since 4.9.6
 *
 * @param string $request_id ID of the request being confirmed.
 * @param string $key        Provided key to validate.
 * @return true|WP_Error True on success, WP_Error on failure.
 */
function wp_validate_user_request_key( $request_id, $key ) {
	global $wp_hasher;

	$request_id       = absint( $request_id );
	$request          = wp_get_user_request( $request_id );
	$saved_key        = $request->confirm_key;
	$key_request_time = $request->modified_timestamp;

	if ( ! $request || ! $saved_key || ! $key_request_time ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_request', __( 'Invalid personal data request.' ) );
	}

	if ( ! in_array( $request->status, array( 'request-pending', 'request-failed' ), true ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'expired_request', __( 'This personal data request has expired.' ) );
	}

	if ( empty( $key ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'missing_key', __( 'The confirmation key is missing from this personal data request.' ) );
	}

	if ( empty( $wp_hasher ) ) {
		require_once ABSPATH . WPINC . '/class-phpass.php';
		$wp_hasher = new PasswordHash( 8, true );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the expiration time of confirm keys.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.6
	 *
	 * @param int $expiration The expiration time in seconds.
	 */
	$expiration_duration = (int) apply_filters( 'user_request_key_expiration', DAY_IN_SECONDS );
	$expiration_time     = $key_request_time + $expiration_duration;

	if ( ! $wp_hasher->CheckPassword( $key, $saved_key ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_key', __( 'The confirmation key is invalid for this personal data request.' ) );
	}

	if ( ! $expiration_time || time() > $expiration_time ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'expired_key', __( 'The confirmation key has expired for this personal data request.' ) );
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Returns the user request object for the specified request ID.
 *
 * @since 4.9.6
 *
 * @param int $request_id The ID of the user request.
 * @return WP_User_Request|false
 */
function wp_get_user_request( $request_id ) {
	$request_id = absint( $request_id );
	$post       = get_post( $request_id );

	if ( ! $post || 'user_request' !== $post->post_type ) {
		return false;
	}

	return new WP_User_Request( $post );
}

/**
 * Checks if Application Passwords is supported.
 *
 * Application Passwords is supported only by sites using SSL or local environments
 * but may be made available using the {@see 'wp_is_application_passwords_available'} filter.
 *
 * @since 5.9.0
 *
 * @return bool
 */
function wp_is_application_passwords_supported() {
	return is_ssl() || 'local' === wp_get_environment_type();
}

/**
 * Checks if Application Passwords is globally available.
 *
 * By default, Application Passwords is available to all sites using SSL or to local environments.
 * Use the {@see 'wp_is_application_passwords_available'} filter to adjust its availability.
 *
 * @since 5.6.0
 *
 * @return bool
 */
function wp_is_application_passwords_available() {
	/**
	 * Filters whether Application Passwords is available.
	 *
	 * @since 5.6.0
	 *
	 * @param bool $available True if available, false otherwise.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'wp_is_application_passwords_available', wp_is_application_passwords_supported() );
}

/**
 * Checks if Application Passwords is available for a specific user.
 *
 * By default all users can use Application Passwords. Use {@see 'wp_is_application_passwords_available_for_user'}
 * to restrict availability to certain users.
 *
 * @since 5.6.0
 *
 * @param int|WP_User $user The user to check.
 * @return bool
 */
function wp_is_application_passwords_available_for_user( $user ) {
	if ( ! wp_is_application_passwords_available() ) {
		return false;
	}

	if ( ! is_object( $user ) ) {
		$user = get_userdata( $user );
	}

	if ( ! $user || ! $user->exists() ) {
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters whether Application Passwords is available for a specific user.
	 *
	 * @since 5.6.0
	 *
	 * @param bool    $available True if available, false otherwise.
	 * @param WP_User $user      The user to check.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'wp_is_application_passwords_available_for_user', true, $user );
}

/**
 * Registers the user meta property for persisted preferences.
 *
 * This property is used to store user preferences across page reloads and is
 * currently used by the block editor for preferences like 'fullscreenMode' and
 * 'fixedToolbar'.
 *
 * @since 6.1.0
 * @access private
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 */
function wp_register_persisted_preferences_meta() {
	/*
	 * Create a meta key that incorporates the blog prefix so that each site
	 * on a multisite can have distinct user preferences.
	 */
	global $wpdb;
	$meta_key = $wpdb->get_blog_prefix() . 'persisted_preferences';

	register_meta(
		'user',
		$meta_key,
		array(
			'type'         => 'object',
			'single'       => true,
			'show_in_rest' => array(
				'name'   => 'persisted_preferences',
				'type'   => 'object',
				'schema' => array(
					'type'                 => 'object',
					'context'              => array( 'edit' ),
					'properties'           => array(
						'_modified' => array(
							'description' => __( 'The date and time the preferences were updated.' ),
							'type'        => 'string',
							'format'      => 'date-time',
							'readonly'    => false,
						),
					),
					'additionalProperties' => true,
				),
			),
		)
	);
}

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{"id":10501,"date":"2021-02-17T09:06:32","date_gmt":"2021-02-17T09:06:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/?p=10501"},"modified":"2025-10-23T12:54:21","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T12:54:21","slug":"hypex-is-a-fake-designer-clothing-reps-sneakers-web","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/index.php\/2021\/02\/17\/hypex-is-a-fake-designer-clothing-reps-sneakers-web\/","title":{"rendered":"HypeX is a fake designer clothing & reps sneakers web"},"content":{"rendered":"

What Are Rep Shoes? 5 Shocking Truths About Stylish Replicas\n<\/p>\n

In conclusion, the boldness in making a genuine buy on-line comes from being informed and attentive. We authenticate over 275 brands, delivering 99.3% accurate leads to beneath 30 minutes. Remember, these examinations rely on high-quality, detailed photographs; thus, it’s a red flag if a web-based itemizing prevents you from zooming in or lacks image readability. Examine the brand and any branded elements (like a slogan or the model name) for any discrepancies.\n<\/p>\n

Buying fake shoes isn\u2019t dangerous too in any respect considering the buyer of the faux sneakers would by no means buy an unique Nike or Yeezy or Adidas or Air Jordans. Some individuals love to collect these sneakers and the one method to do it without breaking the financial institution is to purchase these pretend shoes and not the unique ones. Buying fake sneakers is fairly common and it\u2019s meant to be accepted socially without having to go into debt. Although not every pair listed on-line comes with a field, there are a number of tell-tale signs of a pretend which are simply noticed on the packaging.\n<\/p>\n

But those crackdowns typically happen solely to big-time operations, after months of monitoring. And both authorities officials and counterfeiters know that raids are an infinitely repeating sport of whack-a-mole. Even if Chan were to be arrested, one other Chan, or 10 more, would appear. In October 2017, after a 12 months of work, Chan had created what he thought would be a well-liked new money cow. He was happy with the standard of the stitching, and the colours were nearly indistinguishable from the unique. Everything looked great, and his clients appeared excited to purchase.\n<\/p>\n

When shoppers purchase authentic sneakers, they not directly fund these developments. Authentic sneakers additionally endure strict high quality control measures. Every sew, panel, and logo is inspected to satisfy brand requirements, producing a refined reps shoes<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, consistent product.\n<\/p>\n

Travis Scott has collaborated on several projects with Nike and Jordan Brand, along with his most popular sneaker dropping final summer season. Technology has transformed the game and left the community with mixed outcomes. However, the sneaker resale platform StockX continues to attempt for transparency by offering knowledge to the common public. They look super fashionable and are excellent for playing basketball, working, strolling, jogging or even as an informal put on. There are strong cushions at the base to minimize back the impression that helps shield your knees. To date, we have delivered hundreds of orders, and our website stands out for its verified evaluations and customer satisfaction.\n<\/p>\n

This network of producers enhances effectivity and lowers manufacturing prices. Manufacturers alter the parts of the merchandise by a small margin in order that no infringement of any copyrights is famous. All in all, they current themselves as an progressive answer for those eager for a more sophisticated look without paying a premium price on the designer label. It was nearly one thing that you would by no means come again from if people came upon you were carrying fakes.\n<\/p>\n

The risks of buying counterfeit products aren\u2019t always apparent. There are financial impacts, legal implications and well being and safety risks which are important to know before you buy. Now that you understand how to verify your kicks, let\u2019s speak concerning the authorized facet of rep sneakers.\n<\/p>\n

They are sometimes dearer than reproduction sneakers due to the value of production and the brand\u2019s popularity. If you are interested find reps or reproduction sneakers, I generally discover them in a wide range of places, together with online shops, street markets, and sneaker stores. Based on my expertise on this field, reps in footwear usually discuss with replica footwear, that are copies of well-liked designer model shoes. The laptop computer retailer is the last word Balenciaga reproduction store. So if you are in search of reproduction sneakers for ladies or designer sneakers for women, you’ll find a way to check out the Looktop store. The Factory Shoe Store is a DHgate seller that\u2019s primarily based in Fujian, China.\n<\/p>\n

However, unlike the high-fashion ones, Beckett Simonon makes theirs in Bogota, Colombia. The Morgens will use much less suede than the MMs, however that may be an excellent factor \u2013 less upkeep. But the blue and red colored accent items make for a singular patina. Or, if you favor, you probably can select a traditional white, grey and gum sole mixture. This article supplies important data on the method to sell replicas legally.\n<\/p>\n

Designer duped items often embrace purses, footwear, clothes, jewellery, even fragrances and cosmetics. These sneaker sellers uphold their popularity and will ship double quick. Whether is it real or pretend, we shall go away it to your own determination.\n<\/p>\n

What\u2019s exceptional is that not only do they appear similar to the genuine ones, but their high quality can be comparable. That\u2019s why, regardless of the production of counterfeit sneakers being illegal in China, Putian\u2019s fake shoe orders continue to pour in. To start, there’s a longstanding tradition of sneakerheads posting heavily Photoshopped pictures of hypothetical collaborations that blend kinds and brands that might typically by no means intersect. What began as an internet community flexing its creative chops (and attempting to outdo one another in the process) has morphed right into a full-blown phenomenon.\n<\/p>\n

\u2018Putian shoes\u2019 usually refers to counterfeit sneakers produced in Putian city replica shoes<\/a>, China. Among the various manufacturing cities in China, Putian stands out as a particular one. It\u2019s renowned for producing counterfeit sneakers and is even referred to as the \u201cCapital of Fake Shoes\u201d.\n<\/p>\n

Chan says replicas typically use the identical supplies as authentic pairs, either by shopping for from the identical suppliers or by smuggling materials out of official factories. But the 22-year-old Riverside resident couldn\u2019t simply walk right into a store and buy them. The limited manufacturing shoes offered out shortly after their launch, and resellers on-line have been charging upward of $1,500, seven-and-a-half instances the unique retail value.\n<\/p>\n

The shoe seems nice but you may also see that the dimensions of the shoe box is off in comparison with the shoe field for the true pair. There are two versions of Adidas Replicas which would possibly be sold on-line. Firstly you have the classic Adidas emblem with the three stripes, then you have the Adidas logo in the lotus shape. Both are used by Replica shoe sellers to promote the product and this isn\u2019t an indication of a foul reproduction.\n<\/p>\n

Global sources is a acknowledged and reputed platform that sells wholesale items and ensures dependable transactions between B2B agreements. Understanding the nature of pretend footwear and knowing the means to identify genuine products can help customers in making knowledgeable decisions that correspond to their values and expectations. Whether you’re a sneaker collector or only a informal fanatic, investing in authentic footwear will guarantee you of high quality, consolation, and the prestige of owning a piece of sneaker history. Counterfeit sneakers are replicas or replicas of the particular footwear manufacturers. They are mainly produced in the form and texture of the unique products, however they are not unique in quality, sophistication and originality.\n<\/p>\n

Experience iconic Nike design at a fraction of the price\u2014without sacrificing the look you’re keen on. If you\u2019re not making an attempt to actually fake anybody out, then no harm, no foul. And that\u2019s why I miss the times when everyone could tell from a mile away whether or not your sneakers have been pretend or not\u2014no black market or black mild required. Satisfied that there was a viable market, Chan set up his personal subreddit, r\/chanzhfsneakers. While most subreddits give consideration to a interest or interest, this one was wholly dedicated to funneling potential consumers to Chan\u2019s enterprise \u2014 and it was extra in style than he ever imagined.\n<\/p>\n

I sent him to a retailer down the street the place they’re nonetheless build up their inventory. So he\u2019ll most likely get a greater worth for them than we might be prepared to pay. Chan, a Singaporean nationwide who declined to provide his full name, might by no means have visited Putian had he not tried to buy genuine Yeezys and balked at the worth.\n<\/p>\n

These gadgets carefully resemble the original in supplies, construction, and appearance. High-end replicas often come with branded boxes, mud bags, authenticity playing cards, and even receipts. This extra value could, nevertheless, be higher than dealing with shifty sellers in markets and even online.\n<\/p>\n

Pricing of the sneakers- Another factor to look into is the pricing of these reproduction footwear. They need to be affordable as they’re copies and not the original pair. Designs of the sneakers – The design of the duplicate sneakers have to be taken into consideration especially if you\u2019re looking for a specific type of shoe design. One of the up and coming Aliexpress shoe sellers is the SLN Sports store. They might need lesser followers now, however that quantity is certain to alter. They have running shoes, basketball footwear, soccer shoes, mountaineering footwear and tactical shoes.\n<\/p>\n

A giant assortment of imitation designer purses, clothes, equipment, watches, and sneakers are available on the platform. AliExpress is well-known for its quick shipping choices and cheap costs, significantly for small-scale purchasers. It\u2019s a covert market as a end result of sellers normally publish copycat merchandise without logos to avoid copyright issues. To mitigate risks, consumers ought to be taught to determine authentic products by way of distinctive identifiers, serial numbers, or specific packaging details.\n<\/p>\n

Once the shoes were prepared, somebody from his group of couriers would pick up the orders from the factories and ship them to delivery brokers, who would then ship the sneakers to the purchasers. We have in-depth cooperation with the unique shoe factory managers in Vietnam, and we are in a position to get hold of correct accessories, source of materials, and production processes. Whether you need the latest sports activities sneakers, casual sneakers, or luxury footwear, we now have one thing for everyone. At 7AShoes, we offer over 1000+ fashions of first copy footwear, including premium branded sneakers and sneaker first copy choices. I could take it, it’d look good, and then down the road you find out and then it turns into this entire factor you have to unwind the place, alright, gotta provide you with your a refund then.\n<\/p>\n

I\u2019m shocked, I would think that spending how a lot cash you do on there, that they’d deal with you with some priority.Yeah. And I don\u2019t know if it\u2019s just the way I filed that support ticket. And that\u2019s the thing concerning the story is, I\u2019m really a pretty big StockX fan. And I\u2019ve been a giant proponent of StockX for a while, and I still like them. Tony is a market research skilled by day and a method author by evening. He additionally enjoys understanding, craft beer and spending time together with his spouse, daughter, and dog.\n<\/p>\n

Piracy of shoes has been escalating as indicated within the determine of excessive demand and increasing prices of original sneakers. I\u2019ve been burned many times with poor quality reps and unfortunately that\u2019s part of the method of owning replica sneakers. But over years I\u2019ve identified a couple of good sellers who are really good. Superior-grade shoes can achieve about 80% to 90% similarity to genuine merchandise and are priced between $28 and $56. For instance, a pair of high-quality knockoff Nike Dunks may be so close to the actual deal that it\u2019s onerous to tell the distinction upon close inspection. One sensible factor these sellers do is, promote the product as youngsters shoes, when in actuality it’s for adults.\n<\/p>\n

One of the best methods to avoid buying reps is to buy footwear from licensed retailers. These retailers have direct relationships with the manufacturers and are authorized to sell their merchandise. By buying from licensed retailers, you can be confident that you’re getting a genuine product. Europe is also grappling with a surge in counterfeit sneakers, with a gradual inflow of fake footwear making their means by way of Hamburger Hafen in Germany every day. Customs officers are solely able to examine a mere 3% of the containers that arrive on the port, creating a significant loophole for counterfeiters to take advantage of. This restricted inspection capability permits counterfeiters to continue their illegal activities with minimal risk, as they solely need to account for a small share of potential interceptions.\n<\/p>\n

Our choice is not only about imitating the look of luxury brands; it\u2019s about capturing their essence with craftsmanship that respects the unique design. In the fast-changing world of sneaker culture, duplicate sneakers are extremely popular amongst lovers for trendy sneakers without having to pay through the nostril for them. Even though a lot of debate is held over authenticity and ethics, customers are more and more wanting toward credible web sites to search out wonderful replicas. At one point, Chan said, 3,000 folks have been on the wait record to order. He had to hire a handful of employees just to deal with calls.\n<\/p>\n

They have a massive assortment of sneakers which are fairly priced and look great. The common cost of a sneaker on this retailer is $14, making it one of the cheapest replica sneaker vendor online. Wanting a pair of knock-off shoes can be influenced by the value of the genuine shoe and its availability. And depending on a few elements, such because the brand and the designer, the costs might start at $130 and resale for more. One of the best methods to avoid the legal risks of purchasing counterfeit footwear is thru consumer consciousness and diligence.\n<\/p>\n

To most individuals, the rep sneakers are an reasonably priced means of attaining the appears of trendy high fashion designs. It makes fashion empowering since you will get the type that you want without compromising too much in your pockets. In the world of footwear, terms such as reps usually increase eyebrows. This article goals to clarify exactly what reproduction or reps shoes are and what main features distinguish duplicate footwear from authentic ones.\n<\/p>\n

Conversely, buyers who unknowingly purchase counterfeit items and take steps to report the vendor or return the merchandise may be viewed more favorably in authorized proceedings. Rep footwear may look great, however they don\u2019t at all times offer one of the best in consolation or durability. While you can actually find a pair of reps that feels great on your toes, it\u2019s important to keep in thoughts that consolation ought to by no means be an afterthought. If you prioritize each comfort and style, it is value contemplating how nicely a pair of sneakers will help you all through the day. When it comes to rep sneakers, not all of them are of the same high quality. Some can feel great out of the box however might not hold up in the lengthy run.\n<\/p>\n

But how do these knockoffs get to the united states, and where do they arrive from? Most counterfeit shoes arrive from China in mislabeled containers. They are saved in warehouses and then shipped to shops.\n<\/p>\n

Something alongside the lines of hotcoolkickz.com could be chock-full of Jordans and Nikes in every shade and print conceivable. Even Nicekicks.com was a hub for fake sneakers before it became a sneaker weblog. What I miss is when pretend sneakers were really pretend sneakers. Sitting near the entrance of Chan\u2019s workplace is a reject from when he was nonetheless prototyping the suitcases. It\u2019s virtually good, apart from the colour of the Supreme emblem. The unique is shiny silver; this one looks more white.\n<\/p>\n

Everything reps presents an extensive collection beyond sneakers but at larger costs with slower customer service. Firstsneakers is one other new seller to pop up on DHgate over the last yr. They manufacture and sell good quality shoes and concentrate on duplicate footwear from main brands like Yeezy, Air Jordan, Nike and even Adidas.\n<\/p>\n

This in fact wasn\u2019t an web site, but an individual vendor, so chances are if you buy shoes from an net site, they’ll come both actual or faux. Buying authentic sneakers online or in person could be one of the hardest achievements. Not every pair we are ready to get at Nike Store, Finish Line or the other massive chains. Sometimes we have to look through listings on eBay fake shoes<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, strive FaceBook groups, message boards and even Craigslist. Some will try to cross fake sneakers off as real or the person simply doesn\u2019t know, however in the lengthy run we want to be safe.\n<\/p>\n

The print\u2019s high quality is definitely worse than that of the unique pair of Air Jordan sneakers. The Nike Air lettering often gets chopped off on counterfeit Air Jordan footwear. There must be a little padding or spacing at the bottom of the textual content and the tip of the tag.\n<\/p>\n

Even though the website is worldwide, lots of sellers specialize in quietly promoting duplicate items. These markets also abide by certain legal guidelines however are sometimes missed therefore the need for thorough investigation on the a part of the patrons. The channels used by the sellers also embrace social media platforms such as Weixin, WeChat, Facebook, and Instagram. In China, it’s quite simple to look for reproduction items however one needs to know where to look since many sellers try to stay underground so as not to appeal to too much authorized attention. One such approach is to examine websites corresponding to Taobao and Alibaba which has a selection of services and products. Consequently, China stays, to a big extent, a key player in the market for duplicate merchandise as it has an excellent capability to fabricate.\n<\/p>\n

Maybe you do want to discover a deal, we also have a list of authentic eBay sneaker sellers which you won\u2019t have any problems with. If all else fails, you’ll be able to always contact us and we are going to help to one of the best of our capability. Counterfeit sneakers are often made in sweatshops in developing international locations, the place employees are paid low wages and forced to work in unsafe circumstances. The supplies utilized in these pretend shoes are often of poor high quality, resulting in discomfort and potential health risks for the wearer. Not solely do counterfeit sneakers hurt customers, but additionally they harm the original manufacturers they are imitating. Counterfeiting takes away gross sales from reliable companies, resulting in misplaced income and damage to the model’s popularity.\n<\/p>\n

Learn tips on how to sell replicas legally like a professional and build a successful reproduction business with step-by-step directions. Don\u2019t loaf around dragging your toes on this designer buy when you could have a dupe of the Gucci shoes for a fraction of the worth. However, these days over on TikTok and different social media platforms, consumers have found a way to obtain excessive style seems without breaking the bank. The actual ones have a definite floor structure and special materials that can\u2019t be duplicated exactly. The peculiar options of counterfeit versions might not appear at first sight. However, if something feels mistaken or doesn\u2019t seem right when feeling the exhibit with your fingertips, you\u2019re in all probability dealing with fakes.\n<\/p>\n

Our software program ONLY increase your possibilities in shopping for limited footwear however DO NOT at any circumstances GUARANTEE you’ll get them. This is the second household at present vacationing from Australia that brought their child in to fulfill me. They don\u2019t always buy footwear however they\u2019ll perhaps buy a CoolKicks shirt.\n<\/p>\n

You might save money, but you\u2019re additionally backing shady enterprise practices. Here are some more designer look a-likes you might respect. Louis Vuitton baggage along with designers similar to Goyard, Rimowa, and Tumi produce the perfect designer luggage that cash should buy. And for what you finances cant quite attain, listed here are some adequate designer luggage alternative that appear to be Louis Vuitton. You can tell in case your Nikes are faux by checking the SKU quantity and evaluating it with Nike. You can also verify the labels, manufacturing date and other pertinent data.\n<\/p>\n

This has made it popular, however a significant effect that has been accorded by this success is the faking of footwear, particularly Jordan 4s. \u2019 \u2018Implications of fake Jordans\u2019 And \u2018How to tell the distinction of an genuine product\u2019. In some parts of the world it\u2019s unlawful to import replicas in bulk. But it\u2019s generally not enforced and isn’t thought of a really unhealthy crime. But you do must examine the legal guidelines of your country to see if reproduction footwear are unlawful and if you may be jailed for it.\n<\/p>\n

Stay up-to-date with the most recent developments with shoes impressed by viral icons such as Spongebob Squarepants, Mario Bros., and extra. Our Off-White x Nike replicas are designed with cushioning and help in mind, offering maximum comfort that can final all day lengthy. The consideration to element and superior development be sure that each pair looks glorious while you\u2019re on the go. If you would possibly be looking for a much less expensive different to ebay, AliExpress is a good pitstop.\n<\/p>\n

But in 2022, StockX was embroiled in a lawsuit with Nike, which sued the net marketplace for allegedly promoting counterfeit shoes. Emerging from its origins in hip-hop and sports, the sneaker culture has developed into a global phenomenon encompassing streetwear style and collectibles. However, skyrocketing sales have additionally attracted counterfeiters to this profitable market segment. Counterfeit sneakers have turn out to be a rampant problem within the sneaker business, with many shoppers unknowingly purchasing pretend variations of popular and costly brands.\n<\/p>\n

Consumers should think about these elements carefully when deciding whether or not to purchase duplicate shoes. In conclusion, discovering the best web site for faux sneakers could be a daunting task, given the vast array of options out there on-line. However, our curated record of the top 10 merchandise is designed to simplify your search.\n<\/p>\n

Their status suffers, impacting their financial stability and the complete enterprise. The branding on the pretend Jordan pair shall be of poor quality and appears to be about to fade. The branding will remain legible on a genuine pair even after several wears. You should do your homework, compare costs, and speak with retailers directly to be positive that the imitation garments you purchase are of the best caliber. Reading customer critiques is an effective place to begin since they provide insightful information about the product\u2019s general quality, design accuracy, and durability.\n<\/p>\n

The second factor is that the product options must correspond to the quality of the supplies used in manufacturing them. The customers\u2019 comments on the antagonistic designs also give data on how they recognize the standard of duplicate watches. A Chinese wholesale marketplace known as 1688 makes a speciality of imitation purses and accessories.\n<\/p>\n

Many replicas are made with low-quality materials, contributing to waste. The fast fashion trade, which often consists of duplicate merchandise, significantly impacts the setting. Unsustainable practices in sourcing supplies and disposal can result in increased pollution and landfill waste. Choosing sustainable footwear manufacturers promotes eco-friendly practices. Fake footwear, also called replica sneakers, are imitations of authentic footwear brands.\n<\/p>\n

Fake Louboutin sneakers sometimes have uneven insoles and misaligned uppers. Counterfeit Louboutins will often have a thicker brand that easily chips off. Unless you\u2019re shopping for from a certified retailer like Mytheresa or Nordstrom, you\u2019ll must see your Louboutins in individual to determine whether they\u2019re real. We reside in an period of super-fakes where not even Cartier will authenticate their very own Love bracelets anymore. Everything from dust baggage to receipts and serial numbers may be faked to look similar to the actual deal. The Travis Scott x Air Jordan 1 Low ‘Reverse Mocha’ was launched on July 21, 2022.\n<\/p>\n

Once a customer reached the top of the wait listing, they would tell Chan what shoe they wished to buy, the dimensions they needed, and make cost by way of bitcoin or money transfer app. He\u2019d go to where his clients have been \u2014 on Reddit \u2014 and take a glance at selling on to them, by way of Reddit boards. The Off-White Air Jordan 1s, for example, retailed for $190 and now resale for $1,one hundred forty.\n<\/p>\n

As an expert within the subject, I can affirm that reps in sneakers primarily check with replicas or counterfeit versions of popular shoe brands and fashions. These are often crafted to mimic the appearance and style of the original sneakers but at a lower price. Authentic sneakers, however, are produced by the original model and are made with high-quality materials and attention to detail.\n<\/p>\n

Get a Cartier-inspired ring in gold, silver and\/or rose gold combos for $12.99 total. The discounted dupes we found are offered at Milanoo, coming in a selection of colors that aren\u2019t far off from the teal or shiny green of the Bottega\u2019s. They even have the identical mesh and sq. toe, however solely value $35.\n<\/p>\n

Kevin\u2019s entree into the world of duplicate shoes was via the user-generated website Reddit, where collectors share pictures of copycat sneakers and make contact with information for sellers. They coach counterfeiters on tips on how to get minute details correct. With each batch of bootlegs, the replicas become increasingly tough to differentiate from their genuine counterparts. Knowing you\u2019re shopping for replica sneakers is one thing, but getting duped? And so to avoid being on the receiving finish of such a situation, you ought to buy instantly from the source.\n<\/p>\n

When it involves promoting replicas legally, there are quite a few glorious options for displaying and promoting your products. Not all knockoffs are created equal, and a few are instantly recognizable while others aren\u2019t. This is a lucrative business, in part owing to the many individuals who benefit from the sale of counterfeit shoes in addition to the plethora of \u201clegitimate\u201d fakes obtainable. We\u2019ve all seen the Twitter memes of terrible fakes, with the mistaken logos and misspelled words, however these aren\u2019t the one fakes on the market. When you get new shoes, the pleasure you get from them usually outweighs the cash spent, but there\u2019s an issue when your perfect shoe isn\u2019t what it appears to be. We\u2019re right here to help you in figuring out fakes, therefore we\u2019ve put up a quick guidelines of issues to look for when you\u2019re on the hunt for new sneakers.\n<\/p>\n

He was anticipating a minimum of $300 for simply one of the pairs. I can\u2019t do better than $420 for both as a outcome of these footwear just aren\u2019t selling for a lot these days. For real-time, in-store immediacy, sneaker stans will purchase and sell at a spot similar to CoolKicks, with a listing of more than 10,000 new and used shoes. HypeX is a fake designer clothing & reps sneakers web site.\n<\/p>\n

With a staff of experts well-versed in figuring out the smallest details and discrepancies that point out a counterfeit product, LegitGrails offers a useful service for peace of thoughts. If buying from a resale platform or an unbiased vendor as a end result of scarcity of the merchandise, scrutinize seller critiques and rankings. Counterfeiters typically goal high-demand, high-value footwear to maximise their illicit profits. Popular manufacturers just like the Nike footwear, especially the Air Jordan collection, and Adidas, with their iconic Yeezys, are frequent targets due to their immense recognition and excessive resale values.\n<\/p>\n

Dive into our extensive collection of footwear for males, women, and kids, curated to cater to every fashion and event. From fashionable sneakers to stylish heels, we have got you coated. Enjoy hassle-free shopping with safe cost options and speedy delivery. The largest competitor to Nike, Adidas is the second largest shoe company on the earth.\n<\/p>\n

Below are two examples of images that had been clearly lifted from different websites. We\u2019ve been shoppers at Bergdorf Goodman for a very long time, so we all know that the shoe photographs on the left are theirs. If you don\u2019t find your product on our site, you can ship us your product picture to verify additional. The iconic and timeless B23 sneakers, a vital element of the men\u2019s wardrobe, transition simply from day to night.\n<\/p>\n

Effective keyword methods are crucial for locating replica merchandise. Instead of searching for \u201cfake\u201d or \u201ccounterfeit\u201d, try utilizing terms like \u201cinspired by\u201d, \u201clookalike\u201d, or \u201calternative to\u201d. Replica sellers typically use these phrases to avoid detection. Finding high-quality replica sneakers requires working with reliable suppliers who can ship top-tier craftsmanship at aggressive costs. When it comes to security, not all replica sneakers are created equal. High-quality reps should meet the identical safety requirements as genuine shoes, making certain they are secure to wear.\n<\/p>\n

Paypal is in the enterprise of earning money, not losing it. The rise of \u2018super fakes\u2019 means it\u2019s troublesome to inform the difference between pretend vs. actual Balenciaga sneakers. The greatest way to assure that you simply get genuine Balenciaga footwear is to purchase instantly from Balenciaga or a licensed stockist. The rise of \u2018super fakes\u2019 means it\u2019s turning into ever harder to tell actual vs. fake Balenciaga shoes apart.\n<\/p>\n

Originally released in 1989 discountshoesmart.com<\/a>, the Jordan four sneakers combined game-changing efficiency options with a bold design that made them a cultural icon. Worn by Michael Jordan during one of the pivotal seasons of his profession, the Air Jordan 4 helped solidify his legacy\u2014and that of the Air Jordan line itself. An genuine set always comes with extra laces which are sealed and rolled in a plastic bag. However, within the packaging, you’ll discover that the pretend could have them loosely packed and you’ll thus understand that you’ve got got bought a faux Adidas shoe.\n<\/p>\n

New releases can be discovered on their store under that part. They sell Yeezy Boost 350, Yeezy Boost seven-hundred and Yeezy Wave runner. They have the Adidas flat sneakers and skateboarding sneakers as nicely. The Vapormax TN Store has over 200+ footwear on their retailer. They have a ninety seven.5% positive feedback with 10,000+ transactions. However lower-grade AAA merchandise would save time and money, but it is causing discomfort or injury to your toes.\n<\/p>\n

Whether you’re taking a look at UA (Unauthorized Authentic) or AAA (Triple A) options, there\u2019s so much to discover and loads of decisions that match your style. Rep footwear embody the new type, the idea of what style has turn into, which is rather more than merely wearing the latest in style designer manufacturers. People combine totally different kinds and seek for solutions to rock their cuts with out additional costs. This cultural shift encourages extra individuality in style, where everybody can showcase their unique sense of favor, regardless of their price range. Rep footwear put luxury seems within attain, which is something that anybody craving a sure style but who can not afford to pay the value should be smiling.\n<\/p>\n

HypeSneakers.com is a go-to web site for these seeking fashionable and hard-to-find duplicate sneakers. With a concentrate on the latest sneaker trends, this web site appeals to fashion-forward shoppers. RepSneakers.ru has earned a reputation for providing some of the best replica sneakers in the market. Their dedication to quality and attention to element units them other than rivals.\n<\/p>\n

A lot of Adidas reproduction shoe makers add different colors to their footwear to make them look different and stand-out. This is pretty cool, as a outcome of you\u2019ll be carrying the most distinctive Adidas shoes in the planet that even unique Adidas shoe consumers can not enjoy. With a big following this store has rapidly made a good popularity for itself in just 2 years, with good ratings and 100% optimistic feedback it is amongst the reliable ones. They have a extensive range of replica Adidas shoes from the classic Adidas superstars to the Adidas Swift. If you care more about fashion than authenticity, reps is normally a budget-friendly choice \u2014 however they won\u2019t have the same worth or craftsmanship as the actual deal.\n<\/p>\n

This dual method not only discourages counterfeiters, but additionally boosts scan charges and increases buyer engagement. Footwear ranks among the many most counterfeited industries, with U.S. Customs and Border Protection seizing almost $96.7 million price of counterfeit footwear in 2021, up from $63.1 million the 12 months before. In 2021, counterfeit footwear got here in third after purses and clothing by means of seized gadgets, a significant rise from its place because the sixth-most-seized class just three years prior. Raids on the premises revealed hundreds of the counterfeit Air Jordans, bulk pretend Nike logos and the machinery to use them.\n<\/p>\n

For athletes or intense daily use, originals might supply extra sturdiness or superior cushioning technology. Some reps use slightly denser foam or off-brand insole parts. Originals use premium materials and undergo strict quality control. However, in recent times, even retail pairs have shown inconsistency in QC, especially from Nike. Each Air Jordan 4 colorway presents its own distinctive blend of heritage and hype, interesting to each old-school followers and new-age sneakerheads.\n<\/p>\n

We meticulously selected these websites based on a number of standards, together with product high quality, customer critiques, delivery reliability, and overall consumer experience. As a result, each choice presents not only all kinds of types and brands but in addition a degree of trustworthiness that may ease the buying process. Joom has been round for over 6 years and is based in Latvia with their central logistics division situated in Hong Kong granting them easy access to lots of of Chinese sellers.\n<\/p>\n

A lot of the casual Adidas shoes are great for type, but from a walking perspective the Alphabounce beats them all. They supply good flash offers and supply transport to most places worldwide. I would say it is fine to go near $70 for a $200 replica as you’ll get close to the actual one. When buying on-line, make sure to verify the retailer\u2019s web site for details about their licensed status.\n<\/p>\n

For his prized \u201cpirate black\u201d editions, he waited as long as he could, understanding that counterfeiters enhance their replicas with each new batch. He ultimately pulled the trigger on the 10th batch, paying $120 to a sought-after seller known as Chan. In the previous, these looking for counterfeit sneakers had to navigate a slew of international sites that impressed little confidence. Repsneakers emerged as a place to hunt out and share the best available on the market.\n<\/p>\n

Last Type 4 includes authentic model name sneakers which are overrun stock from the producer. These items of footwear are so rare and one can expect to pay about dollars for one pair. Comprehending most of these categorization would help patrons in selecting what they need.\n<\/p>\n

With 7A sneakers, you no longer need to spend a fortune to enjoy luxurious footwear. Our first-copy footwear assortment enables you to own trendy, branded footwear at a fraction of the cost. For me, reselling is something else, it\u2019s just a bit little bit of fun on the side. I like sneakers and I\u2019m very into enterprise, so it was sort of a pleasant, interesting, fun thing to do last yr, however now I\u2019m running out of time to do it. But I was just attempting to get this to go viral sufficient so that StockX would notice me and I may deal with the situation and have someone reach out. I\u2019ll buy a bunch of these from StockX.\u201d So I bought, I need to say 60 to 70 pairs of those off StockX at the time, and it received delivered over a span of three or 4 weeks.\n<\/p>\n

Reputable sellers are transparent about their products, providing clear pictures, videos, and descriptions. Avoid sellers who rely solely on inventory photos or have mostly unfavorable critiques. Using a China sourcing agent is advantageous because they understand how the local duplicate industry operates. They also are inclined to know or are better-placed to seek out manufacturers that provide the replica products you wish to purchase. DIYTrade is a global B2B platform connecting patrons with suppliers throughout quite a few classes, including replicas. Its standout \u201cMake an Offer\u201d feature lets consumers negotiate directly with sellers, usually securing costs properly beneath the preliminary listing.\n<\/p>\n

At DukesBoys, we’re committed to excellence in each element. From the selection of premium materials to the intricate craftsmanship, our products embody the essence of luxurious and refinement. With a dedication to quality and innovation, we try to inspire confidence and class in each man who chooses to adorn himself with our accessories.\n<\/p>\n

Brands like Adidas promote sustainability and fair labor practices, whereas replicas would possibly come from factories with dubious ethics. Consumers ought to stay conscious of where their footwear stems from to align purchases with their values. Rep sneakers is the imitation footwear designed to closely resemble popular designer or streetwear branded sneakers. Alibaba\u2019s subsidiary AliExpress caters to retail customers looking for reasonably priced imitation fashion objects.\n<\/p>\n

However, if you\u2019re seeking to build a long-term, sustainable enterprise, private-label and custom-designed footwear can be a smarter alternative. Sellers should prioritize sourcing from respected manufacturers who are clear about their manufacturing processes and materials, thereby guaranteeing product security for customers. Different suppliers supply numerous cost strategies, and transport times can differ based mostly on elements like location, customs rules, and courier companies. While it\u2019s not a reproduction retailer itself, it\u2019s used by many dropshippers to source trusted duplicate sites discreetly, especially for bundles or combined orders. Unlike most marketplaces, RepCatalog acts as a vetted supplier hub, connecting you directly with reliable sellers.\n<\/p>\n

That\u2019s why it\u2019s so important to do your homework and choose properly. If you’re on the lookout for sturdiness and comfort, checking critiques and researching the brand or retailer you\u2019re shopping for from is always a good suggestion. There\u2019s no shortage of choices when it comes to rep sneakers. Whether you’re in search of something basic or one thing a bit more edgy, you\u2019ll find one thing that suits your fashion. The reps market is large, and the variability obtainable is impressive.\n<\/p>\n

The formula is a blend of various chemical compounds that give the soles unique color and sturdiness. The lacquer is utilized to the soles by hand, and each shoe is inspected to ensure the end is ideal. Therefore, the court found Wanlima guilty of violating China\u2019s Anti-Unfair Competition Law. As a end result, Wanlima was ordered to compensate Louboutin with $721,855 (5 million RMB) in damages and $64,245 (445,000 RMB) to cover legal bills. No, the enduring pink sole footwear are made by Christian Louboutin and not Louis Vuitton.\n<\/p>\n

One of Chan\u2019s latest products is a near-perfect copy of a recently released, special version Converse All Star sneaker, designed by trend luminary and Off-White brand founder Virgil Abloh. Chan\u2019s version costs $80 \u2014 which is a great deal, contemplating that buying a legit pair might price you $1,500. 7AShoes is your one-stop vacation spot for high-quality imported reproduction sneakers, offering 1st copy footwear at unbeatable prices.\n<\/p>\n

Versace is incorporating NFC tags into their newest collections for an internet authentication system. Footwear is amongst Versace\u2019s best-selling categories for each women and men. While the Italian fashion house is legendary for its platform heels, its most sought-after footwear are primarily sneakers, slides, and assertion sneakers. You might need a pair of Versace sneakers on your want list or could presumably be saving as much as splurge on real Versace sneakers. The luxury price point of Versace shoes makes them a common alternative for counterfeiters. For readers eager to delve deeper into the world of Christian Louboutin, Your Next Shoes provides a wealth of articles exploring numerous elements of this iconic brand.\n<\/p>\n

Yes, particularly for general trend dropshippers who need to offer replica-style sneakers without risking authorized issues. RepCatalog is a niche directory of top-tier reproduction suppliers, with a focus on high-quality reproduction sneakers, especially Air Jordans, Yeezys, and Dunks. Unlike finances fakes that may run wildly off-size, quality reps stick intently to model sizing. A dimension 9 in the duplicate will feel like a measurement 9 from Nike or Adidas. To help you out, we\u2019ve compiled an inventory of the best replica footwear web sites.\n<\/p>\n

Discover top-quality Jordan 5 DHgate dupes and explore the place to purchase cheap Jordan 5 reps. Dive into our buying tips on AmazingDupes! Discover Affordable Style with Jordan 5s Our guide unveils top alternate options, excellent for budget-conscious style lovers. Explore inexpensive alternate options to the Asics Gel-NYC and elevate your sneaker recreation. Unveiling Asics NYC Dupes on Dhgate Are you wanting to elevate your sneaker game with out emptying your wall … In distinction, replicas, as the name implies, primarily concentrate on emulating the aesthetic of luxurious brands with out the identical level of craftsmanship and a spotlight to element. I\u2019ve been coping with these kinds of shoes, and I can confidently inform you that reps are shoes which might be made to seem like in style and often costly types of shoes.\n<\/p>\n

The high-end supplies, designer pedigree, and the \u2018Made in Italy\u2019 cache mean this model additionally carries a high-end price ticket. Another various from the land of K-Pop, Seoul-based W Concepts presents the Another Generation GATs in their women\u2019s part. There\u2019s nothing stereotypically feminine about these footwear, though they’re a \u201csofter\u201d variation of a traditional German Army coach.\n<\/p>\n

The quality assessment revealed some issues that might have been improved. Or the brand may have overproduced, leading to decreased curiosity within the product. Concerning excellence, UA sneakers are indistinguishable from real footwear. SMP-grade reps kicks are constructed with first rate components and strong artistry. They need help managing the expense of an genuine pair or choose the look of a rep. No matter what motivates them, it\u2019s clear that reps have turn out to be a go-to choose. The platform additionally consists of features for digital customer engagement and model loyalty initiatives.\n<\/p>\n

Most importantly the merchandise that arrived actually appeared like the images (same symmetric and centered pattern!!). Based on my experience I will certainly order again with none reservation or worry in regards to the quality. The fakes that you simply obtained from them, had been they very near the precise shoe? Do you assume it\u2019s one thing you could have decided with your personal naked eye? I can say that, yeah, from the naked eye, on the skin, they’re pretty correct. So I despatched the sneakers back to StockX, and, in fact, they did their checks as nicely.\n<\/p>\n

These high-quality replicas, obtainable at low costs, have gained immense popularity in each the Chinese and international markets. Many people even specifically hunt down these high-quality replicas as a result of they consider their quality surpasses that of genuine products. Originally priced at hundreds and even tens of 1000’s of yuan, these footwear from Putian promote for just some hundred yuan.\n<\/p>\n

Many brands provide sources to help customers distinguish genuine objects from counterfeits. Buyers also wants to be cautious when buying from unfamiliar sellers, notably those providing costs far below market worth. Shopping through reputable retailers or licensed distributors reduces the chance of encountering counterfeit items. On the Dhgate web site duplicate shoe web sites, the gross sales volume of this type can be very excessive. If you\u2019re on the lookout for good faux Nikes, we\u2019ve received you coated.\n<\/p>\n

You\u2019re in a perfect place if you\u2019ve ever been fascinated by replicas and want to flip your fascination right into a dependable enterprise. The original one is from designer Martha Calvo and it\u2019s known as the \u201cFamous\u201d necklace. While this fashion is not on her web site, we did discover it at Nordstrom, which is a bit less than it was should you want to take benefit of the current price. In that case, the sneakers can be found at Nordstrom in a selection of colors and patterns, all pre-beat up as per the trend. The white and silver pair we found goes for $605, stars and scuffs included. Don\u2019t be too defeated, as there are nonetheless loads of places to get authorized and high-quality designer dupes, corresponding to accessible sites like Walmart, ASOS and extra.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What Are Rep Shoes? 5 Shocking Truths About Stylish Replicas In conclusion, the boldness in making a genuine buy on-line comes from being informed and attentive. We authenticate over 275 brands, delivering 99.3% accurate leads to beneath 30 minutes. Remember, these examinations rely on high-quality, detailed photographs; thus, it’s a red flag if a web-based…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10501"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10501"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10501\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10502,"href":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10501\/revisions\/10502"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10501"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10501"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcpv.demarco.ddnsfree.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10501"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}