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<?php
/**
 * Multisite WordPress API
 *
 * @package WordPress
 * @subpackage Multisite
 * @since 3.0.0
 */

/**
 * Gets the network's site and user counts.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @return int[] {
 *     Site and user count for the network.
 *
 *     @type int $blogs Number of sites on the network.
 *     @type int $users Number of users on the network.
 * }
 */
function get_sitestats() {
	$stats = array(
		'blogs' => get_blog_count(),
		'users' => get_user_count(),
	);

	return $stats;
}

/**
 * Gets one of a user's active blogs.
 *
 * Returns the user's primary blog, if they have one and
 * it is active. If it's inactive, function returns another
 * active blog of the user. If none are found, the user
 * is added as a Subscriber to the Dashboard Blog and that blog
 * is returned.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param int $user_id The unique ID of the user
 * @return WP_Site|void The blog object
 */
function get_active_blog_for_user( $user_id ) {
	$blogs = get_blogs_of_user( $user_id );
	if ( empty( $blogs ) ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( ! is_multisite() ) {
		return $blogs[ get_current_blog_id() ];
	}

	$primary_blog = get_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', true );
	$first_blog   = current( $blogs );
	if ( false !== $primary_blog ) {
		if ( ! isset( $blogs[ $primary_blog ] ) ) {
			update_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', $first_blog->userblog_id );
			$primary = get_site( $first_blog->userblog_id );
		} else {
			$primary = get_site( $primary_blog );
		}
	} else {
		// TODO: Review this call to add_user_to_blog too - to get here the user must have a role on this blog?
		$result = add_user_to_blog( $first_blog->userblog_id, $user_id, 'subscriber' );

		if ( ! is_wp_error( $result ) ) {
			update_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', $first_blog->userblog_id );
			$primary = $first_blog;
		}
	}

	if ( ( ! is_object( $primary ) ) || ( 1 == $primary->archived || 1 == $primary->spam || 1 == $primary->deleted ) ) {
		$blogs = get_blogs_of_user( $user_id, true ); // If a user's primary blog is shut down, check their other blogs.
		$ret   = false;
		if ( is_array( $blogs ) && count( $blogs ) > 0 ) {
			foreach ( (array) $blogs as $blog_id => $blog ) {
				if ( get_current_network_id() != $blog->site_id ) {
					continue;
				}
				$details = get_site( $blog_id );
				if ( is_object( $details ) && 0 == $details->archived && 0 == $details->spam && 0 == $details->deleted ) {
					$ret = $details;
					if ( get_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', true ) != $blog_id ) {
						update_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', $blog_id );
					}
					if ( ! get_user_meta( $user_id, 'source_domain', true ) ) {
						update_user_meta( $user_id, 'source_domain', $details->domain );
					}
					break;
				}
			}
		} else {
			return;
		}
		return $ret;
	} else {
		return $primary;
	}
}

/**
 * Gets the number of active sites on the installation.
 *
 * The count is cached and updated twice daily. This is not a live count.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 * @since 3.7.0 The `$network_id` parameter has been deprecated.
 * @since 4.8.0 The `$network_id` parameter is now being used.
 *
 * @param int|null $network_id ID of the network. Default is the current network.
 * @return int Number of active sites on the network.
 */
function get_blog_count( $network_id = null ) {
	return get_network_option( $network_id, 'blog_count' );
}

/**
 * Gets a blog post from any site on the network.
 *
 * This function is similar to get_post(), except that it can retrieve a post
 * from any site on the network, not just the current site.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param int $blog_id ID of the blog.
 * @param int $post_id ID of the post being looked for.
 * @return WP_Post|null WP_Post object on success, null on failure
 */
function get_blog_post( $blog_id, $post_id ) {
	switch_to_blog( $blog_id );
	$post = get_post( $post_id );
	restore_current_blog();

	return $post;
}

/**
 * Adds a user to a blog, along with specifying the user's role.
 *
 * Use the {@see 'add_user_to_blog'} action to fire an event when users are added to a blog.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param int    $blog_id ID of the blog the user is being added to.
 * @param int    $user_id ID of the user being added.
 * @param string $role    User role.
 * @return true|WP_Error True on success or a WP_Error object if the user doesn't exist
 *                       or could not be added.
 */
function add_user_to_blog( $blog_id, $user_id, $role ) {
	switch_to_blog( $blog_id );

	$user = get_userdata( $user_id );

	if ( ! $user ) {
		restore_current_blog();
		return new WP_Error( 'user_does_not_exist', __( 'The requested user does not exist.' ) );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters whether a user should be added to a site.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.0
	 *
	 * @param true|WP_Error $retval  True if the user should be added to the site, error
	 *                               object otherwise.
	 * @param int           $user_id User ID.
	 * @param string        $role    User role.
	 * @param int           $blog_id Site ID.
	 */
	$can_add_user = apply_filters( 'can_add_user_to_blog', true, $user_id, $role, $blog_id );

	if ( true !== $can_add_user ) {
		restore_current_blog();

		if ( is_wp_error( $can_add_user ) ) {
			return $can_add_user;
		}

		return new WP_Error( 'user_cannot_be_added', __( 'User cannot be added to this site.' ) );
	}

	if ( ! get_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', true ) ) {
		update_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', $blog_id );
		$site = get_site( $blog_id );
		update_user_meta( $user_id, 'source_domain', $site->domain );
	}

	$user->set_role( $role );

	/**
	 * Fires immediately after a user is added to a site.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param int    $user_id User ID.
	 * @param string $role    User role.
	 * @param int    $blog_id Blog ID.
	 */
	do_action( 'add_user_to_blog', $user_id, $role, $blog_id );

	clean_user_cache( $user_id );
	wp_cache_delete( $blog_id . '_user_count', 'blog-details' );

	restore_current_blog();

	return true;
}

/**
 * Removes a user from a blog.
 *
 * Use the {@see 'remove_user_from_blog'} action to fire an event when
 * users are removed from a blog.
 *
 * Accepts an optional `$reassign` parameter, if you want to
 * reassign the user's blog posts to another user upon removal.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int $user_id  ID of the user being removed.
 * @param int $blog_id  Optional. ID of the blog the user is being removed from. Default 0.
 * @param int $reassign Optional. ID of the user to whom to reassign posts. Default 0.
 * @return true|WP_Error True on success or a WP_Error object if the user doesn't exist.
 */
function remove_user_from_blog( $user_id, $blog_id = 0, $reassign = 0 ) {
	global $wpdb;

	switch_to_blog( $blog_id );
	$user_id = (int) $user_id;

	/**
	 * Fires before a user is removed from a site.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 * @since 5.4.0 Added the `$reassign` parameter.
	 *
	 * @param int $user_id  ID of the user being removed.
	 * @param int $blog_id  ID of the blog the user is being removed from.
	 * @param int $reassign ID of the user to whom to reassign posts.
	 */
	do_action( 'remove_user_from_blog', $user_id, $blog_id, $reassign );

	// If being removed from the primary blog, set a new primary
	// if the user is assigned to multiple blogs.
	$primary_blog = get_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', true );
	if ( $primary_blog == $blog_id ) {
		$new_id     = '';
		$new_domain = '';
		$blogs      = get_blogs_of_user( $user_id );
		foreach ( (array) $blogs as $blog ) {
			if ( $blog->userblog_id == $blog_id ) {
				continue;
			}
			$new_id     = $blog->userblog_id;
			$new_domain = $blog->domain;
			break;
		}

		update_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', $new_id );
		update_user_meta( $user_id, 'source_domain', $new_domain );
	}

	$user = get_userdata( $user_id );
	if ( ! $user ) {
		restore_current_blog();
		return new WP_Error( 'user_does_not_exist', __( 'That user does not exist.' ) );
	}

	$user->remove_all_caps();

	$blogs = get_blogs_of_user( $user_id );
	if ( count( $blogs ) == 0 ) {
		update_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', '' );
		update_user_meta( $user_id, 'source_domain', '' );
	}

	if ( $reassign ) {
		$reassign = (int) $reassign;
		$post_ids = $wpdb->get_col( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT ID FROM $wpdb->posts WHERE post_author = %d", $user_id ) );
		$link_ids = $wpdb->get_col( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT link_id FROM $wpdb->links WHERE link_owner = %d", $user_id ) );

		if ( ! empty( $post_ids ) ) {
			$wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "UPDATE $wpdb->posts SET post_author = %d WHERE post_author = %d", $reassign, $user_id ) );
			array_walk( $post_ids, 'clean_post_cache' );
		}

		if ( ! empty( $link_ids ) ) {
			$wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "UPDATE $wpdb->links SET link_owner = %d WHERE link_owner = %d", $reassign, $user_id ) );
			array_walk( $link_ids, 'clean_bookmark_cache' );
		}
	}

	restore_current_blog();

	return true;
}

/**
 * Gets the permalink for a post on another blog.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0) 1.0
 *
 * @param int $blog_id ID of the source blog.
 * @param int $post_id ID of the desired post.
 * @return string The post's permalink.
 */
function get_blog_permalink( $blog_id, $post_id ) {
	switch_to_blog( $blog_id );
	$link = get_permalink( $post_id );
	restore_current_blog();

	return $link;
}

/**
 * Gets a blog's numeric ID from its URL.
 *
 * On a subdirectory installation like example.com/blog1/,
 * $domain will be the root 'example.com' and $path the
 * subdirectory '/blog1/'. With subdomains like blog1.example.com,
 * $domain is 'blog1.example.com' and $path is '/'.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string $domain Website domain.
 * @param string $path   Optional. Not required for subdomain installations. Default '/'.
 * @return int 0 if no blog found, otherwise the ID of the matching blog.
 */
function get_blog_id_from_url( $domain, $path = '/' ) {
	$domain = strtolower( $domain );
	$path   = strtolower( $path );
	$id     = wp_cache_get( md5( $domain . $path ), 'blog-id-cache' );

	if ( -1 == $id ) { // Blog does not exist.
		return 0;
	} elseif ( $id ) {
		return (int) $id;
	}

	$args   = array(
		'domain'                 => $domain,
		'path'                   => $path,
		'fields'                 => 'ids',
		'number'                 => 1,
		'update_site_meta_cache' => false,
	);
	$result = get_sites( $args );
	$id     = array_shift( $result );

	if ( ! $id ) {
		wp_cache_set( md5( $domain . $path ), -1, 'blog-id-cache' );
		return 0;
	}

	wp_cache_set( md5( $domain . $path ), $id, 'blog-id-cache' );

	return $id;
}

//
// Admin functions.
//

/**
 * Checks an email address against a list of banned domains.
 *
 * This function checks against the Banned Email Domains list
 * at wp-admin/network/settings.php. The check is only run on
 * self-registrations; user creation at wp-admin/network/users.php
 * bypasses this check.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param string $user_email The email provided by the user at registration.
 * @return bool True when the email address is banned, false otherwise.
 */
function is_email_address_unsafe( $user_email ) {
	$banned_names = get_site_option( 'banned_email_domains' );
	if ( $banned_names && ! is_array( $banned_names ) ) {
		$banned_names = explode( "\n", $banned_names );
	}

	$is_email_address_unsafe = false;

	if ( $banned_names && is_array( $banned_names ) && false !== strpos( $user_email, '@', 1 ) ) {
		$banned_names     = array_map( 'strtolower', $banned_names );
		$normalized_email = strtolower( $user_email );

		list( $email_local_part, $email_domain ) = explode( '@', $normalized_email );

		foreach ( $banned_names as $banned_domain ) {
			if ( ! $banned_domain ) {
				continue;
			}

			if ( $email_domain == $banned_domain ) {
				$is_email_address_unsafe = true;
				break;
			}

			$dotted_domain = ".$banned_domain";
			if ( substr( $normalized_email, -strlen( $dotted_domain ) ) === $dotted_domain ) {
				$is_email_address_unsafe = true;
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Filters whether an email address is unsafe.
	 *
	 * @since 3.5.0
	 *
	 * @param bool   $is_email_address_unsafe Whether the email address is "unsafe". Default false.
	 * @param string $user_email              User email address.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'is_email_address_unsafe', $is_email_address_unsafe, $user_email );
}

/**
 * Sanitizes and validates data required for a user sign-up.
 *
 * Verifies the validity and uniqueness of user names and user email addresses,
 * and checks email addresses against allowed and disallowed domains provided by
 * administrators.
 *
 * The {@see 'wpmu_validate_user_signup'} hook provides an easy way to modify the sign-up
 * process. The value $result, which is passed to the hook, contains both the user-provided
 * info and the error messages created by the function. {@see 'wpmu_validate_user_signup'}
 * allows you to process the data in any way you'd like, and unset the relevant errors if
 * necessary.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string $user_name  The login name provided by the user.
 * @param string $user_email The email provided by the user.
 * @return array {
 *     The array of user name, email, and the error messages.
 *
 *     @type string   $user_name     Sanitized and unique username.
 *     @type string   $orig_username Original username.
 *     @type string   $user_email    User email address.
 *     @type WP_Error $errors        WP_Error object containing any errors found.
 * }
 */
function wpmu_validate_user_signup( $user_name, $user_email ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$errors = new WP_Error();

	$orig_username = $user_name;
	$user_name     = preg_replace( '/\s+/', '', sanitize_user( $user_name, true ) );

	if ( $user_name != $orig_username || preg_match( '/[^a-z0-9]/', $user_name ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'user_name', __( 'Usernames can only contain lowercase letters (a-z) and numbers.' ) );
		$user_name = $orig_username;
	}

	$user_email = sanitize_email( $user_email );

	if ( empty( $user_name ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'user_name', __( 'Please enter a username.' ) );
	}

	$illegal_names = get_site_option( 'illegal_names' );
	if ( ! is_array( $illegal_names ) ) {
		$illegal_names = array( 'www', 'web', 'root', 'admin', 'main', 'invite', 'administrator' );
		add_site_option( 'illegal_names', $illegal_names );
	}
	if ( in_array( $user_name, $illegal_names, true ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'user_name', __( 'Sorry, that username is not allowed.' ) );
	}

	/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/user.php */
	$illegal_logins = (array) apply_filters( 'illegal_user_logins', array() );

	if ( in_array( strtolower( $user_name ), array_map( 'strtolower', $illegal_logins ), true ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'user_name', __( 'Sorry, that username is not allowed.' ) );
	}

	if ( ! is_email( $user_email ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'user_email', __( 'Please enter a valid email address.' ) );
	} elseif ( is_email_address_unsafe( $user_email ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'user_email', __( 'You cannot use that email address to signup. There are problems with them blocking some emails from WordPress. Please use another email provider.' ) );
	}

	if ( strlen( $user_name ) < 4 ) {
		$errors->add( 'user_name', __( 'Username must be at least 4 characters.' ) );
	}

	if ( strlen( $user_name ) > 60 ) {
		$errors->add( 'user_name', __( 'Username may not be longer than 60 characters.' ) );
	}

	// All numeric?
	if ( preg_match( '/^[0-9]*$/', $user_name ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'user_name', __( 'Sorry, usernames must have letters too!' ) );
	}

	$limited_email_domains = get_site_option( 'limited_email_domains' );
	if ( is_array( $limited_email_domains ) && ! empty( $limited_email_domains ) ) {
		$limited_email_domains = array_map( 'strtolower', $limited_email_domains );
		$emaildomain           = strtolower( substr( $user_email, 1 + strpos( $user_email, '@' ) ) );
		if ( ! in_array( $emaildomain, $limited_email_domains, true ) ) {
			$errors->add( 'user_email', __( 'Sorry, that email address is not allowed!' ) );
		}
	}

	// Check if the username has been used already.
	if ( username_exists( $user_name ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'user_name', __( 'Sorry, that username already exists!' ) );
	}

	// Check if the email address has been used already.
	if ( email_exists( $user_email ) ) {
		$errors->add(
			'user_email',
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: Link to the login page. */
				__( '<strong>Error:</strong> This email address is already registered. <a href="%s">Log in</a> with this address or choose another one.' ),
				wp_login_url()
			)
		);
	}

	// Has someone already signed up for this username?
	$signup = $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT * FROM $wpdb->signups WHERE user_login = %s", $user_name ) );
	if ( $signup instanceof stdClass ) {
		$registered_at = mysql2date( 'U', $signup->registered );
		$now           = time();
		$diff          = $now - $registered_at;
		// If registered more than two days ago, cancel registration and let this signup go through.
		if ( $diff > 2 * DAY_IN_SECONDS ) {
			$wpdb->delete( $wpdb->signups, array( 'user_login' => $user_name ) );
		} else {
			$errors->add( 'user_name', __( 'That username is currently reserved but may be available in a couple of days.' ) );
		}
	}

	$signup = $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT * FROM $wpdb->signups WHERE user_email = %s", $user_email ) );
	if ( $signup instanceof stdClass ) {
		$diff = time() - mysql2date( 'U', $signup->registered );
		// If registered more than two days ago, cancel registration and let this signup go through.
		if ( $diff > 2 * DAY_IN_SECONDS ) {
			$wpdb->delete( $wpdb->signups, array( 'user_email' => $user_email ) );
		} else {
			$errors->add( 'user_email', __( 'That email address has already been used. Please check your inbox for an activation email. It will become available in a couple of days if you do nothing.' ) );
		}
	}

	$result = array(
		'user_name'     => $user_name,
		'orig_username' => $orig_username,
		'user_email'    => $user_email,
		'errors'        => $errors,
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the validated user registration details.
	 *
	 * This does not allow you to override the username or email of the user during
	 * registration. The values are solely used for validation and error handling.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param array $result {
	 *     The array of user name, email, and the error messages.
	 *
	 *     @type string   $user_name     Sanitized and unique username.
	 *     @type string   $orig_username Original username.
	 *     @type string   $user_email    User email address.
	 *     @type WP_Error $errors        WP_Error object containing any errors found.
	 * }
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'wpmu_validate_user_signup', $result );
}

/**
 * Processes new site registrations.
 *
 * Checks the data provided by the user during blog signup. Verifies
 * the validity and uniqueness of blog paths and domains.
 *
 * This function prevents the current user from registering a new site
 * with a blogname equivalent to another user's login name. Passing the
 * $user parameter to the function, where $user is the other user, is
 * effectively an override of this limitation.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'wpmu_validate_blog_signup'} if you want to modify
 * the way that WordPress validates new site signups.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @global wpdb   $wpdb   WordPress database abstraction object.
 * @global string $domain
 *
 * @param string         $blogname   The blog name provided by the user. Must be unique.
 * @param string         $blog_title The blog title provided by the user.
 * @param WP_User|string $user       Optional. The user object to check against the new site name.
 *                                   Default empty string.
 * @return array {
 *     Array of domain, path, blog name, blog title, user and error messages.
 *
 *     @type string         $domain     Domain for the site.
 *     @type string         $path       Path for the site. Used in subdirectory installations.
 *     @type string         $blogname   The unique site name (slug).
 *     @type string         $blog_title Blog title.
 *     @type string|WP_User $user       By default, an empty string. A user object if provided.
 *     @type WP_Error       $errors     WP_Error containing any errors found.
 * }
 */
function wpmu_validate_blog_signup( $blogname, $blog_title, $user = '' ) {
	global $wpdb, $domain;

	$current_network = get_network();
	$base            = $current_network->path;

	$blog_title = strip_tags( $blog_title );

	$errors        = new WP_Error();
	$illegal_names = get_site_option( 'illegal_names' );
	if ( false == $illegal_names ) {
		$illegal_names = array( 'www', 'web', 'root', 'admin', 'main', 'invite', 'administrator' );
		add_site_option( 'illegal_names', $illegal_names );
	}

	/*
	 * On sub dir installations, some names are so illegal, only a filter can
	 * spring them from jail.
	 */
	if ( ! is_subdomain_install() ) {
		$illegal_names = array_merge( $illegal_names, get_subdirectory_reserved_names() );
	}

	if ( empty( $blogname ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'blogname', __( 'Please enter a site name.' ) );
	}

	if ( preg_match( '/[^a-z0-9]+/', $blogname ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'blogname', __( 'Site names can only contain lowercase letters (a-z) and numbers.' ) );
	}

	if ( in_array( $blogname, $illegal_names, true ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'blogname', __( 'That name is not allowed.' ) );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the minimum site name length required when validating a site signup.
	 *
	 * @since 4.8.0
	 *
	 * @param int $length The minimum site name length. Default 4.
	 */
	$minimum_site_name_length = apply_filters( 'minimum_site_name_length', 4 );

	if ( strlen( $blogname ) < $minimum_site_name_length ) {
		/* translators: %s: Minimum site name length. */
		$errors->add( 'blogname', sprintf( _n( 'Site name must be at least %s character.', 'Site name must be at least %s characters.', $minimum_site_name_length ), number_format_i18n( $minimum_site_name_length ) ) );
	}

	// Do not allow users to create a site that conflicts with a page on the main blog.
	if ( ! is_subdomain_install() && $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( 'SELECT post_name FROM ' . $wpdb->get_blog_prefix( $current_network->site_id ) . "posts WHERE post_type = 'page' AND post_name = %s", $blogname ) ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'blogname', __( 'Sorry, you may not use that site name.' ) );
	}

	// All numeric?
	if ( preg_match( '/^[0-9]*$/', $blogname ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'blogname', __( 'Sorry, site names must have letters too!' ) );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the new site name during registration.
	 *
	 * The name is the site's subdomain or the site's subdirectory
	 * path depending on the network settings.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param string $blogname Site name.
	 */
	$blogname = apply_filters( 'newblogname', $blogname );

	$blog_title = wp_unslash( $blog_title );

	if ( empty( $blog_title ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'blog_title', __( 'Please enter a site title.' ) );
	}

	// Check if the domain/path has been used already.
	if ( is_subdomain_install() ) {
		$mydomain = $blogname . '.' . preg_replace( '|^www\.|', '', $domain );
		$path     = $base;
	} else {
		$mydomain = $domain;
		$path     = $base . $blogname . '/';
	}
	if ( domain_exists( $mydomain, $path, $current_network->id ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'blogname', __( 'Sorry, that site already exists!' ) );
	}

	/*
	 * Do not allow users to create a site that matches an existing user's login name,
	 * unless it's the user's own username.
	 */
	if ( username_exists( $blogname ) ) {
		if ( ! is_object( $user ) || ( is_object( $user ) && ( $user->user_login != $blogname ) ) ) {
			$errors->add( 'blogname', __( 'Sorry, that site is reserved!' ) );
		}
	}

	// Has someone already signed up for this domain?
	// TODO: Check email too?
	$signup = $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT * FROM $wpdb->signups WHERE domain = %s AND path = %s", $mydomain, $path ) );
	if ( $signup instanceof stdClass ) {
		$diff = time() - mysql2date( 'U', $signup->registered );
		// If registered more than two days ago, cancel registration and let this signup go through.
		if ( $diff > 2 * DAY_IN_SECONDS ) {
			$wpdb->delete(
				$wpdb->signups,
				array(
					'domain' => $mydomain,
					'path'   => $path,
				)
			);
		} else {
			$errors->add( 'blogname', __( 'That site is currently reserved but may be available in a couple days.' ) );
		}
	}

	$result = array(
		'domain'     => $mydomain,
		'path'       => $path,
		'blogname'   => $blogname,
		'blog_title' => $blog_title,
		'user'       => $user,
		'errors'     => $errors,
	);

	/**
	 * Filters site details and error messages following registration.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param array $result {
	 *     Array of domain, path, blog name, blog title, user and error messages.
	 *
	 *     @type string         $domain     Domain for the site.
	 *     @type string         $path       Path for the site. Used in subdirectory installations.
	 *     @type string         $blogname   The unique site name (slug).
	 *     @type string         $blog_title Blog title.
	 *     @type string|WP_User $user       By default, an empty string. A user object if provided.
	 *     @type WP_Error       $errors     WP_Error containing any errors found.
	 * }
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'wpmu_validate_blog_signup', $result );
}

/**
 * Records site signup information for future activation.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string $domain     The requested domain.
 * @param string $path       The requested path.
 * @param string $title      The requested site title.
 * @param string $user       The user's requested login name.
 * @param string $user_email The user's email address.
 * @param array  $meta       Optional. Signup meta data. By default, contains the requested privacy setting and lang_id.
 */
function wpmu_signup_blog( $domain, $path, $title, $user, $user_email, $meta = array() ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$key = substr( md5( time() . wp_rand() . $domain ), 0, 16 );

	/**
	 * Filters the metadata for a site signup.
	 *
	 * The metadata will be serialized prior to storing it in the database.
	 *
	 * @since 4.8.0
	 *
	 * @param array  $meta       Signup meta data. Default empty array.
	 * @param string $domain     The requested domain.
	 * @param string $path       The requested path.
	 * @param string $title      The requested site title.
	 * @param string $user       The user's requested login name.
	 * @param string $user_email The user's email address.
	 * @param string $key        The user's activation key.
	 */
	$meta = apply_filters( 'signup_site_meta', $meta, $domain, $path, $title, $user, $user_email, $key );

	$wpdb->insert(
		$wpdb->signups,
		array(
			'domain'         => $domain,
			'path'           => $path,
			'title'          => $title,
			'user_login'     => $user,
			'user_email'     => $user_email,
			'registered'     => current_time( 'mysql', true ),
			'activation_key' => $key,
			'meta'           => serialize( $meta ),
		)
	);

	/**
	 * Fires after site signup information has been written to the database.
	 *
	 * @since 4.4.0
	 *
	 * @param string $domain     The requested domain.
	 * @param string $path       The requested path.
	 * @param string $title      The requested site title.
	 * @param string $user       The user's requested login name.
	 * @param string $user_email The user's email address.
	 * @param string $key        The user's activation key.
	 * @param array  $meta       Signup meta data. By default, contains the requested privacy setting and lang_id.
	 */
	do_action( 'after_signup_site', $domain, $path, $title, $user, $user_email, $key, $meta );
}

/**
 * Records user signup information for future activation.
 *
 * This function is used when user registration is open but
 * new site registration is not.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string $user       The user's requested login name.
 * @param string $user_email The user's email address.
 * @param array  $meta       Optional. Signup meta data. Default empty array.
 */
function wpmu_signup_user( $user, $user_email, $meta = array() ) {
	global $wpdb;

	// Format data.
	$user       = preg_replace( '/\s+/', '', sanitize_user( $user, true ) );
	$user_email = sanitize_email( $user_email );
	$key        = substr( md5( time() . wp_rand() . $user_email ), 0, 16 );

	/**
	 * Filters the metadata for a user signup.
	 *
	 * The metadata will be serialized prior to storing it in the database.
	 *
	 * @since 4.8.0
	 *
	 * @param array  $meta       Signup meta data. Default empty array.
	 * @param string $user       The user's requested login name.
	 * @param string $user_email The user's email address.
	 * @param string $key        The user's activation key.
	 */
	$meta = apply_filters( 'signup_user_meta', $meta, $user, $user_email, $key );

	$wpdb->insert(
		$wpdb->signups,
		array(
			'domain'         => '',
			'path'           => '',
			'title'          => '',
			'user_login'     => $user,
			'user_email'     => $user_email,
			'registered'     => current_time( 'mysql', true ),
			'activation_key' => $key,
			'meta'           => serialize( $meta ),
		)
	);

	/**
	 * Fires after a user's signup information has been written to the database.
	 *
	 * @since 4.4.0
	 *
	 * @param string $user       The user's requested login name.
	 * @param string $user_email The user's email address.
	 * @param string $key        The user's activation key.
	 * @param array  $meta       Signup meta data. Default empty array.
	 */
	do_action( 'after_signup_user', $user, $user_email, $key, $meta );
}

/**
 * Sends a confirmation request email to a user when they sign up for a new site. The new site will not become active
 * until the confirmation link is clicked.
 *
 * This is the notification function used when site registration
 * is enabled.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'wpmu_signup_blog_notification'} to bypass this function or
 * replace it with your own notification behavior.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'wpmu_signup_blog_notification_email'} and
 * {@see 'wpmu_signup_blog_notification_subject'} to change the content
 * and subject line of the email sent to newly registered users.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param string $domain     The new blog domain.
 * @param string $path       The new blog path.
 * @param string $title      The site title.
 * @param string $user_login The user's login name.
 * @param string $user_email The user's email address.
 * @param string $key        The activation key created in wpmu_signup_blog().
 * @param array  $meta       Optional. Signup meta data. By default, contains the requested privacy setting and lang_id.
 * @return bool
 */
function wpmu_signup_blog_notification( $domain, $path, $title, $user_login, $user_email, $key, $meta = array() ) {
	/**
	 * Filters whether to bypass the new site email notification.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param string|false $domain     Site domain, or false to prevent the email from sending.
	 * @param string       $path       Site path.
	 * @param string       $title      Site title.
	 * @param string       $user_login User login name.
	 * @param string       $user_email User email address.
	 * @param string       $key        Activation key created in wpmu_signup_blog().
	 * @param array        $meta       Signup meta data. By default, contains the requested privacy setting and lang_id.
	 */
	if ( ! apply_filters( 'wpmu_signup_blog_notification', $domain, $path, $title, $user_login, $user_email, $key, $meta ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	// Send email with activation link.
	if ( ! is_subdomain_install() || get_current_network_id() != 1 ) {
		$activate_url = network_site_url( "wp-activate.php?key=$key" );
	} else {
		$activate_url = "http://{$domain}{$path}wp-activate.php?key=$key"; // @todo Use *_url() API.
	}

	$activate_url = esc_url( $activate_url );

	$admin_email = get_site_option( 'admin_email' );

	if ( '' === $admin_email ) {
		$admin_email = 'support@' . wp_parse_url( network_home_url(), PHP_URL_HOST );
	}

	$from_name       = ( '' !== get_site_option( 'site_name' ) ) ? esc_html( get_site_option( 'site_name' ) ) : 'WordPress';
	$message_headers = "From: \"{$from_name}\" <{$admin_email}>\n" . 'Content-Type: text/plain; charset="' . get_option( 'blog_charset' ) . "\"\n";

	$user            = get_user_by( 'login', $user_login );
	$switched_locale = $user && switch_to_user_locale( $user->ID );

	$message = sprintf(
		/**
		 * Filters the message content of the new blog notification email.
		 *
		 * Content should be formatted for transmission via wp_mail().
		 *
		 * @since MU (3.0.0)
		 *
		 * @param string $content    Content of the notification email.
		 * @param string $domain     Site domain.
		 * @param string $path       Site path.
		 * @param string $title      Site title.
		 * @param string $user_login User login name.
		 * @param string $user_email User email address.
		 * @param string $key        Activation key created in wpmu_signup_blog().
		 * @param array  $meta       Signup meta data. By default, contains the requested privacy setting and lang_id.
		 */
		apply_filters(
			'wpmu_signup_blog_notification_email',
			/* translators: New site notification email. 1: Activation URL, 2: New site URL. */
			__( "To activate your site, please click the following link:\n\n%1\$s\n\nAfter you activate, you will receive *another email* with your login.\n\nAfter you activate, you can visit your site here:\n\n%2\$s" ),
			$domain,
			$path,
			$title,
			$user_login,
			$user_email,
			$key,
			$meta
		),
		$activate_url,
		esc_url( "http://{$domain}{$path}" ),
		$key
	);

	$subject = sprintf(
		/**
		 * Filters the subject of the new blog notification email.
		 *
		 * @since MU (3.0.0)
		 *
		 * @param string $subject    Subject of the notification email.
		 * @param string $domain     Site domain.
		 * @param string $path       Site path.
		 * @param string $title      Site title.
		 * @param string $user_login User login name.
		 * @param string $user_email User email address.
		 * @param string $key        Activation key created in wpmu_signup_blog().
		 * @param array  $meta       Signup meta data. By default, contains the requested privacy setting and lang_id.
		 */
		apply_filters(
			'wpmu_signup_blog_notification_subject',
			/* translators: New site notification email subject. 1: Network title, 2: New site URL. */
			_x( '[%1$s] Activate %2$s', 'New site notification email subject' ),
			$domain,
			$path,
			$title,
			$user_login,
			$user_email,
			$key,
			$meta
		),
		$from_name,
		esc_url( 'http://' . $domain . $path )
	);

	wp_mail( $user_email, wp_specialchars_decode( $subject ), $message, $message_headers );

	if ( $switched_locale ) {
		restore_previous_locale();
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Sends a confirmation request email to a user when they sign up for a new user account (without signing up for a site
 * at the same time). The user account will not become active until the confirmation link is clicked.
 *
 * This is the notification function used when no new site has
 * been requested.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'wpmu_signup_user_notification'} to bypass this function or
 * replace it with your own notification behavior.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'wpmu_signup_user_notification_email'} and
 * {@see 'wpmu_signup_user_notification_subject'} to change the content
 * and subject line of the email sent to newly registered users.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param string $user_login The user's login name.
 * @param string $user_email The user's email address.
 * @param string $key        The activation key created in wpmu_signup_user()
 * @param array  $meta       Optional. Signup meta data. Default empty array.
 * @return bool
 */
function wpmu_signup_user_notification( $user_login, $user_email, $key, $meta = array() ) {
	/**
	 * Filters whether to bypass the email notification for new user sign-up.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param string $user_login User login name.
	 * @param string $user_email User email address.
	 * @param string $key        Activation key created in wpmu_signup_user().
	 * @param array  $meta       Signup meta data. Default empty array.
	 */
	if ( ! apply_filters( 'wpmu_signup_user_notification', $user_login, $user_email, $key, $meta ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$user            = get_user_by( 'login', $user_login );
	$switched_locale = $user && switch_to_user_locale( $user->ID );

	// Send email with activation link.
	$admin_email = get_site_option( 'admin_email' );

	if ( '' === $admin_email ) {
		$admin_email = 'support@' . wp_parse_url( network_home_url(), PHP_URL_HOST );
	}

	$from_name       = ( '' !== get_site_option( 'site_name' ) ) ? esc_html( get_site_option( 'site_name' ) ) : 'WordPress';
	$message_headers = "From: \"{$from_name}\" <{$admin_email}>\n" . 'Content-Type: text/plain; charset="' . get_option( 'blog_charset' ) . "\"\n";
	$message         = sprintf(
		/**
		 * Filters the content of the notification email for new user sign-up.
		 *
		 * Content should be formatted for transmission via wp_mail().
		 *
		 * @since MU (3.0.0)
		 *
		 * @param string $content    Content of the notification email.
		 * @param string $user_login User login name.
		 * @param string $user_email User email address.
		 * @param string $key        Activation key created in wpmu_signup_user().
		 * @param array  $meta       Signup meta data. Default empty array.
		 */
		apply_filters(
			'wpmu_signup_user_notification_email',
			/* translators: New user notification email. %s: Activation URL. */
			__( "To activate your user, please click the following link:\n\n%s\n\nAfter you activate, you will receive *another email* with your login." ),
			$user_login,
			$user_email,
			$key,
			$meta
		),
		site_url( "wp-activate.php?key=$key" )
	);

	$subject = sprintf(
		/**
		 * Filters the subject of the notification email of new user signup.
		 *
		 * @since MU (3.0.0)
		 *
		 * @param string $subject    Subject of the notification email.
		 * @param string $user_login User login name.
		 * @param string $user_email User email address.
		 * @param string $key        Activation key created in wpmu_signup_user().
		 * @param array  $meta       Signup meta data. Default empty array.
		 */
		apply_filters(
			'wpmu_signup_user_notification_subject',
			/* translators: New user notification email subject. 1: Network title, 2: New user login. */
			_x( '[%1$s] Activate %2$s', 'New user notification email subject' ),
			$user_login,
			$user_email,
			$key,
			$meta
		),
		$from_name,
		$user_login
	);

	wp_mail( $user_email, wp_specialchars_decode( $subject ), $message, $message_headers );

	if ( $switched_locale ) {
		restore_previous_locale();
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Activates a signup.
 *
 * Hook to {@see 'wpmu_activate_user'} or {@see 'wpmu_activate_blog'} for events
 * that should happen only when users or sites are self-created (since
 * those actions are not called when users and sites are created
 * by a Super Admin).
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string $key The activation key provided to the user.
 * @return array|WP_Error An array containing information about the activated user and/or blog.
 */
function wpmu_activate_signup( $key ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$signup = $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT * FROM $wpdb->signups WHERE activation_key = %s", $key ) );

	if ( empty( $signup ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_key', __( 'Invalid activation key.' ) );
	}

	if ( $signup->active ) {
		if ( empty( $signup->domain ) ) {
			return new WP_Error( 'already_active', __( 'The user is already active.' ), $signup );
		} else {
			return new WP_Error( 'already_active', __( 'The site is already active.' ), $signup );
		}
	}

	$meta     = maybe_unserialize( $signup->meta );
	$password = wp_generate_password( 12, false );

	$user_id = username_exists( $signup->user_login );

	if ( ! $user_id ) {
		$user_id = wpmu_create_user( $signup->user_login, $password, $signup->user_email );
	} else {
		$user_already_exists = true;
	}

	if ( ! $user_id ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'create_user', __( 'Could not create user' ), $signup );
	}

	$now = current_time( 'mysql', true );

	if ( empty( $signup->domain ) ) {
		$wpdb->update(
			$wpdb->signups,
			array(
				'active'    => 1,
				'activated' => $now,
			),
			array( 'activation_key' => $key )
		);

		if ( isset( $user_already_exists ) ) {
			return new WP_Error( 'user_already_exists', __( 'That username is already activated.' ), $signup );
		}

		/**
		 * Fires immediately after a new user is activated.
		 *
		 * @since MU (3.0.0)
		 *
		 * @param int    $user_id  User ID.
		 * @param string $password User password.
		 * @param array  $meta     Signup meta data.
		 */
		do_action( 'wpmu_activate_user', $user_id, $password, $meta );

		return array(
			'user_id'  => $user_id,
			'password' => $password,
			'meta'     => $meta,
		);
	}

	$blog_id = wpmu_create_blog( $signup->domain, $signup->path, $signup->title, $user_id, $meta, get_current_network_id() );

	// TODO: What to do if we create a user but cannot create a blog?
	if ( is_wp_error( $blog_id ) ) {
		/*
		 * If blog is taken, that means a previous attempt to activate this blog
		 * failed in between creating the blog and setting the activation flag.
		 * Let's just set the active flag and instruct the user to reset their password.
		 */
		if ( 'blog_taken' === $blog_id->get_error_code() ) {
			$blog_id->add_data( $signup );
			$wpdb->update(
				$wpdb->signups,
				array(
					'active'    => 1,
					'activated' => $now,
				),
				array( 'activation_key' => $key )
			);
		}
		return $blog_id;
	}

	$wpdb->update(
		$wpdb->signups,
		array(
			'active'    => 1,
			'activated' => $now,
		),
		array( 'activation_key' => $key )
	);

	/**
	 * Fires immediately after a site is activated.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param int    $blog_id       Blog ID.
	 * @param int    $user_id       User ID.
	 * @param string $password      User password.
	 * @param string $signup_title  Site title.
	 * @param array  $meta          Signup meta data. By default, contains the requested privacy setting and lang_id.
	 */
	do_action( 'wpmu_activate_blog', $blog_id, $user_id, $password, $signup->title, $meta );

	return array(
		'blog_id'  => $blog_id,
		'user_id'  => $user_id,
		'password' => $password,
		'title'    => $signup->title,
		'meta'     => $meta,
	);
}

/**
 * Deletes an associated signup entry when a user is deleted from the database.
 *
 * @since 5.5.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int      $id       ID of the user to delete.
 * @param int|null $reassign ID of the user to reassign posts and links to.
 * @param WP_User  $user     User object.
 */
function wp_delete_signup_on_user_delete( $id, $reassign, $user ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$wpdb->delete( $wpdb->signups, array( 'user_login' => $user->user_login ) );
}

/**
 * Creates a user.
 *
 * This function runs when a user self-registers as well as when
 * a Super Admin creates a new user. Hook to {@see 'wpmu_new_user'} for events
 * that should affect all new users, but only on Multisite (otherwise
 * use {@see 'user_register'}).
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param string $user_name The new user's login name.
 * @param string $password  The new user's password.
 * @param string $email     The new user's email address.
 * @return int|false Returns false on failure, or int $user_id on success.
 */
function wpmu_create_user( $user_name, $password, $email ) {
	$user_name = preg_replace( '/\s+/', '', sanitize_user( $user_name, true ) );

	$user_id = wp_create_user( $user_name, $password, $email );
	if ( is_wp_error( $user_id ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	// Newly created users have no roles or caps until they are added to a blog.
	delete_user_option( $user_id, 'capabilities' );
	delete_user_option( $user_id, 'user_level' );

	/**
	 * Fires immediately after a new user is created.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param int $user_id User ID.
	 */
	do_action( 'wpmu_new_user', $user_id );

	return $user_id;
}

/**
 * Creates a site.
 *
 * This function runs when a user self-registers a new site as well
 * as when a Super Admin creates a new site. Hook to {@see 'wpmu_new_blog'}
 * for events that should affect all new sites.
 *
 * On subdirectory installations, $domain is the same as the main site's
 * domain, and the path is the subdirectory name (eg 'example.com'
 * and '/blog1/'). On subdomain installations, $domain is the new subdomain +
 * root domain (eg 'blog1.example.com'), and $path is '/'.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param string $domain     The new site's domain.
 * @param string $path       The new site's path.
 * @param string $title      The new site's title.
 * @param int    $user_id    The user ID of the new site's admin.
 * @param array  $options    Optional. Array of key=>value pairs used to set initial site options.
 *                           If valid status keys are included ('public', 'archived', 'mature',
 *                           'spam', 'deleted', or 'lang_id') the given site status(es) will be
 *                           updated. Otherwise, keys and values will be used to set options for
 *                           the new site. Default empty array.
 * @param int    $network_id Optional. Network ID. Only relevant on multi-network installations.
 *                           Default 1.
 * @return int|WP_Error Returns WP_Error object on failure, the new site ID on success.
 */
function wpmu_create_blog( $domain, $path, $title, $user_id, $options = array(), $network_id = 1 ) {
	$defaults = array(
		'public' => 0,
	);
	$options  = wp_parse_args( $options, $defaults );

	$title   = strip_tags( $title );
	$user_id = (int) $user_id;

	// Check if the domain has been used already. We should return an error message.
	if ( domain_exists( $domain, $path, $network_id ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'blog_taken', __( 'Sorry, that site already exists!' ) );
	}

	if ( ! wp_installing() ) {
		wp_installing( true );
	}

	$allowed_data_fields = array( 'public', 'archived', 'mature', 'spam', 'deleted', 'lang_id' );

	$site_data = array_merge(
		array(
			'domain'     => $domain,
			'path'       => $path,
			'network_id' => $network_id,
		),
		array_intersect_key( $options, array_flip( $allowed_data_fields ) )
	);

	// Data to pass to wp_initialize_site().
	$site_initialization_data = array(
		'title'   => $title,
		'user_id' => $user_id,
		'options' => array_diff_key( $options, array_flip( $allowed_data_fields ) ),
	);

	$blog_id = wp_insert_site( array_merge( $site_data, $site_initialization_data ) );

	if ( is_wp_error( $blog_id ) ) {
		return $blog_id;
	}

	wp_cache_set( 'last_changed', microtime(), 'sites' );

	return $blog_id;
}

/**
 * Notifies the network admin that a new site has been activated.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'newblog_notify_siteadmin'} to change the content of
 * the notification email.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 * @since 5.1.0 $blog_id now supports input from the {@see 'wp_initialize_site'} action.
 *
 * @param WP_Site|int $blog_id    The new site's object or ID.
 * @param string      $deprecated Not used.
 * @return bool
 */
function newblog_notify_siteadmin( $blog_id, $deprecated = '' ) {
	if ( is_object( $blog_id ) ) {
		$blog_id = $blog_id->blog_id;
	}

	if ( 'yes' !== get_site_option( 'registrationnotification' ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$email = get_site_option( 'admin_email' );

	if ( is_email( $email ) == false ) {
		return false;
	}

	$options_site_url = esc_url( network_admin_url( 'settings.php' ) );

	switch_to_blog( $blog_id );
	$blogname = get_option( 'blogname' );
	$siteurl  = site_url();
	restore_current_blog();

	$msg = sprintf(
		/* translators: New site notification email. 1: Site URL, 2: User IP address, 3: URL to Network Settings screen. */
		__(
			'New Site: %1$s
URL: %2$s
Remote IP address: %3$s

Disable these notifications: %4$s'
		),
		$blogname,
		$siteurl,
		wp_unslash( $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ),
		$options_site_url
	);
	/**
	 * Filters the message body of the new site activation email sent
	 * to the network administrator.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 * @since 5.4.0 The `$blog_id` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param string     $msg     Email body.
	 * @param int|string $blog_id The new site's ID as an integer or numeric string.
	 */
	$msg = apply_filters( 'newblog_notify_siteadmin', $msg, $blog_id );

	/* translators: New site notification email subject. %s: New site URL. */
	wp_mail( $email, sprintf( __( 'New Site Registration: %s' ), $siteurl ), $msg );

	return true;
}

/**
 * Notifies the network admin that a new user has been activated.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'newuser_notify_siteadmin'} to change the content of
 * the notification email.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param int $user_id The new user's ID.
 * @return bool
 */
function newuser_notify_siteadmin( $user_id ) {
	if ( 'yes' !== get_site_option( 'registrationnotification' ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$email = get_site_option( 'admin_email' );

	if ( is_email( $email ) == false ) {
		return false;
	}

	$user = get_userdata( $user_id );

	$options_site_url = esc_url( network_admin_url( 'settings.php' ) );

	$msg = sprintf(
		/* translators: New user notification email. 1: User login, 2: User IP address, 3: URL to Network Settings screen. */
		__(
			'New User: %1$s
Remote IP address: %2$s

Disable these notifications: %3$s'
		),
		$user->user_login,
		wp_unslash( $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ),
		$options_site_url
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the message body of the new user activation email sent
	 * to the network administrator.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param string  $msg  Email body.
	 * @param WP_User $user WP_User instance of the new user.
	 */
	$msg = apply_filters( 'newuser_notify_siteadmin', $msg, $user );

	/* translators: New user notification email subject. %s: User login. */
	wp_mail( $email, sprintf( __( 'New User Registration: %s' ), $user->user_login ), $msg );

	return true;
}

/**
 * Checks whether a site name is already taken.
 *
 * The name is the site's subdomain or the site's subdirectory
 * path depending on the network settings.
 *
 * Used during the new site registration process to ensure
 * that each site name is unique.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param string $domain     The domain to be checked.
 * @param string $path       The path to be checked.
 * @param int    $network_id Optional. Network ID. Only relevant on multi-network installations.
 *                           Default 1.
 * @return int|null The site ID if the site name exists, null otherwise.
 */
function domain_exists( $domain, $path, $network_id = 1 ) {
	$path   = trailingslashit( $path );
	$args   = array(
		'network_id'             => $network_id,
		'domain'                 => $domain,
		'path'                   => $path,
		'fields'                 => 'ids',
		'number'                 => 1,
		'update_site_meta_cache' => false,
	);
	$result = get_sites( $args );
	$result = array_shift( $result );

	/**
	 * Filters whether a site name is taken.
	 *
	 * The name is the site's subdomain or the site's subdirectory
	 * path depending on the network settings.
	 *
	 * @since 3.5.0
	 *
	 * @param int|null $result     The site ID if the site name exists, null otherwise.
	 * @param string   $domain     Domain to be checked.
	 * @param string   $path       Path to be checked.
	 * @param int      $network_id Network ID. Only relevant on multi-network installations.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'domain_exists', $result, $domain, $path, $network_id );
}

/**
 * Notifies the site administrator that their site activation was successful.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'wpmu_welcome_notification'} to disable or bypass.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'update_welcome_email'} and {@see 'update_welcome_subject'} to
 * modify the content and subject line of the notification email.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param int    $blog_id  Site ID.
 * @param int    $user_id  User ID.
 * @param string $password User password, or "N/A" if the user account is not new.
 * @param string $title    Site title.
 * @param array  $meta     Optional. Signup meta data. By default, contains the requested privacy setting and lang_id.
 * @return bool Whether the email notification was sent.
 */
function wpmu_welcome_notification( $blog_id, $user_id, $password, $title, $meta = array() ) {
	$current_network = get_network();

	/**
	 * Filters whether to bypass the welcome email sent to the site administrator after site activation.
	 *
	 * Returning false disables the welcome email.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param int|false $blog_id  Site ID, or false to prevent the email from sending.
	 * @param int       $user_id  User ID of the site administrator.
	 * @param string    $password User password, or "N/A" if the user account is not new.
	 * @param string    $title    Site title.
	 * @param array     $meta     Signup meta data. By default, contains the requested privacy setting and lang_id.
	 */
	if ( ! apply_filters( 'wpmu_welcome_notification', $blog_id, $user_id, $password, $title, $meta ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$user = get_userdata( $user_id );

	$switched_locale = switch_to_user_locale( $user_id );

	$welcome_email = get_site_option( 'welcome_email' );
	if ( false == $welcome_email ) {
		/* translators: Do not translate USERNAME, SITE_NAME, BLOG_URL, PASSWORD: those are placeholders. */
		$welcome_email = __(
			'Howdy USERNAME,

Your new SITE_NAME site has been successfully set up at:
BLOG_URL

You can log in to the administrator account with the following information:

Username: USERNAME
Password: PASSWORD
Log in here: BLOG_URLwp-login.php

We hope you enjoy your new site. Thanks!

--The Team @ SITE_NAME'
		);
	}

	$url = get_blogaddress_by_id( $blog_id );

	$welcome_email = str_replace( 'SITE_NAME', $current_network->site_name, $welcome_email );
	$welcome_email = str_replace( 'BLOG_TITLE', $title, $welcome_email );
	$welcome_email = str_replace( 'BLOG_URL', $url, $welcome_email );
	$welcome_email = str_replace( 'USERNAME', $user->user_login, $welcome_email );
	$welcome_email = str_replace( 'PASSWORD', $password, $welcome_email );

	/**
	 * Filters the content of the welcome email sent to the site administrator after site activation.
	 *
	 * Content should be formatted for transmission via wp_mail().
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param string $welcome_email Message body of the email.
	 * @param int    $blog_id       Site ID.
	 * @param int    $user_id       User ID of the site administrator.
	 * @param string $password      User password, or "N/A" if the user account is not new.
	 * @param string $title         Site title.
	 * @param array  $meta          Signup meta data. By default, contains the requested privacy setting and lang_id.
	 */
	$welcome_email = apply_filters( 'update_welcome_email', $welcome_email, $blog_id, $user_id, $password, $title, $meta );

	$admin_email = get_site_option( 'admin_email' );

	if ( '' === $admin_email ) {
		$admin_email = 'support@' . wp_parse_url( network_home_url(), PHP_URL_HOST );
	}

	$from_name       = ( '' !== get_site_option( 'site_name' ) ) ? esc_html( get_site_option( 'site_name' ) ) : 'WordPress';
	$message_headers = "From: \"{$from_name}\" <{$admin_email}>\n" . 'Content-Type: text/plain; charset="' . get_option( 'blog_charset' ) . "\"\n";
	$message         = $welcome_email;

	if ( empty( $current_network->site_name ) ) {
		$current_network->site_name = 'WordPress';
	}

	/* translators: New site notification email subject. 1: Network title, 2: New site title. */
	$subject = __( 'New %1$s Site: %2$s' );

	/**
	 * Filters the subject of the welcome email sent to the site administrator after site activation.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param string $subject Subject of the email.
	 */
	$subject = apply_filters( 'update_welcome_subject', sprintf( $subject, $current_network->site_name, wp_unslash( $title ) ) );

	wp_mail( $user->user_email, wp_specialchars_decode( $subject ), $message, $message_headers );

	if ( $switched_locale ) {
		restore_previous_locale();
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Notifies the Multisite network administrator that a new site was created.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'send_new_site_email'} to disable or bypass.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'new_site_email'} to filter the contents.
 *
 * @since 5.6.0
 *
 * @param int $site_id Site ID of the new site.
 * @param int $user_id User ID of the administrator of the new site.
 * @return bool Whether the email notification was sent.
 */
function wpmu_new_site_admin_notification( $site_id, $user_id ) {
	$site  = get_site( $site_id );
	$user  = get_userdata( $user_id );
	$email = get_site_option( 'admin_email' );

	if ( ! $site || ! $user || ! $email ) {
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters whether to send an email to the Multisite network administrator when a new site is created.
	 *
	 * Return false to disable sending the email.
	 *
	 * @since 5.6.0
	 *
	 * @param bool    $send Whether to send the email.
	 * @param WP_Site $site Site object of the new site.
	 * @param WP_User $user User object of the administrator of the new site.
	 */
	if ( ! apply_filters( 'send_new_site_email', true, $site, $user ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$switched_locale = false;
	$network_admin   = get_user_by( 'email', $email );

	if ( $network_admin ) {
		// If the network admin email address corresponds to a user, switch to their locale.
		$switched_locale = switch_to_user_locale( $network_admin->ID );
	} else {
		// Otherwise switch to the locale of the current site.
		$switched_locale = switch_to_locale( get_locale() );
	}

	$subject = sprintf(
		/* translators: New site notification email subject. %s: Network title. */
		__( '[%s] New Site Created' ),
		get_network()->site_name
	);

	$message = sprintf(
		/* translators: New site notification email. 1: User login, 2: Site URL, 3: Site title. */
		__(
			'New site created by %1$s

Address: %2$s
Name: %3$s'
		),
		$user->user_login,
		get_site_url( $site->id ),
		get_blog_option( $site->id, 'blogname' )
	);

	$header = sprintf(
		'From: "%1$s" <%2$s>',
		_x( 'Site Admin', 'email "From" field' ),
		$email
	);

	$new_site_email = array(
		'to'      => $email,
		'subject' => $subject,
		'message' => $message,
		'headers' => $header,
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the content of the email sent to the Multisite network administrator when a new site is created.
	 *
	 * Content should be formatted for transmission via wp_mail().
	 *
	 * @since 5.6.0
	 *
	 * @param array $new_site_email {
	 *     Used to build wp_mail().
	 *
	 *     @type string $to      The email address of the recipient.
	 *     @type string $subject The subject of the email.
	 *     @type string $message The content of the email.
	 *     @type string $headers Headers.
	 * }
	 * @param WP_Site $site         Site object of the new site.
	 * @param WP_User $user         User object of the administrator of the new site.
	 */
	$new_site_email = apply_filters( 'new_site_email', $new_site_email, $site, $user );

	wp_mail(
		$new_site_email['to'],
		wp_specialchars_decode( $new_site_email['subject'] ),
		$new_site_email['message'],
		$new_site_email['headers']
	);

	if ( $switched_locale ) {
		restore_previous_locale();
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Notifies a user that their account activation has been successful.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'wpmu_welcome_user_notification'} to disable or bypass.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'update_welcome_user_email'} and {@see 'update_welcome_user_subject'} to
 * modify the content and subject line of the notification email.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param int    $user_id  User ID.
 * @param string $password User password.
 * @param array  $meta     Optional. Signup meta data. Default empty array.
 * @return bool
 */
function wpmu_welcome_user_notification( $user_id, $password, $meta = array() ) {
	$current_network = get_network();

	/**
	 * Filters whether to bypass the welcome email after user activation.
	 *
	 * Returning false disables the welcome email.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param int    $user_id  User ID.
	 * @param string $password User password.
	 * @param array  $meta     Signup meta data. Default empty array.
	 */
	if ( ! apply_filters( 'wpmu_welcome_user_notification', $user_id, $password, $meta ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$welcome_email = get_site_option( 'welcome_user_email' );

	$user = get_userdata( $user_id );

	$switched_locale = switch_to_user_locale( $user_id );

	/**
	 * Filters the content of the welcome email after user activation.
	 *
	 * Content should be formatted for transmission via wp_mail().
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param string $welcome_email The message body of the account activation success email.
	 * @param int    $user_id       User ID.
	 * @param string $password      User password.
	 * @param array  $meta          Signup meta data. Default empty array.
	 */
	$welcome_email = apply_filters( 'update_welcome_user_email', $welcome_email, $user_id, $password, $meta );
	$welcome_email = str_replace( 'SITE_NAME', $current_network->site_name, $welcome_email );
	$welcome_email = str_replace( 'USERNAME', $user->user_login, $welcome_email );
	$welcome_email = str_replace( 'PASSWORD', $password, $welcome_email );
	$welcome_email = str_replace( 'LOGINLINK', wp_login_url(), $welcome_email );

	$admin_email = get_site_option( 'admin_email' );

	if ( '' === $admin_email ) {
		$admin_email = 'support@' . wp_parse_url( network_home_url(), PHP_URL_HOST );
	}

	$from_name       = ( '' !== get_site_option( 'site_name' ) ) ? esc_html( get_site_option( 'site_name' ) ) : 'WordPress';
	$message_headers = "From: \"{$from_name}\" <{$admin_email}>\n" . 'Content-Type: text/plain; charset="' . get_option( 'blog_charset' ) . "\"\n";
	$message         = $welcome_email;

	if ( empty( $current_network->site_name ) ) {
		$current_network->site_name = 'WordPress';
	}

	/* translators: New user notification email subject. 1: Network title, 2: New user login. */
	$subject = __( 'New %1$s User: %2$s' );

	/**
	 * Filters the subject of the welcome email after user activation.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param string $subject Subject of the email.
	 */
	$subject = apply_filters( 'update_welcome_user_subject', sprintf( $subject, $current_network->site_name, $user->user_login ) );

	wp_mail( $user->user_email, wp_specialchars_decode( $subject ), $message, $message_headers );

	if ( $switched_locale ) {
		restore_previous_locale();
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Gets the current network.
 *
 * Returns an object containing the 'id', 'domain', 'path', and 'site_name'
 * properties of the network being viewed.
 *
 * @see wpmu_current_site()
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @global WP_Network $current_site The current network.
 *
 * @return WP_Network The current network.
 */
function get_current_site() {
	global $current_site;
	return $current_site;
}

/**
 * Gets a user's most recent post.
 *
 * Walks through each of a user's blogs to find the post with
 * the most recent post_date_gmt.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int $user_id User ID.
 * @return array Contains the blog_id, post_id, post_date_gmt, and post_gmt_ts.
 */
function get_most_recent_post_of_user( $user_id ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$user_blogs       = get_blogs_of_user( (int) $user_id );
	$most_recent_post = array();

	// Walk through each blog and get the most recent post
	// published by $user_id.
	foreach ( (array) $user_blogs as $blog ) {
		$prefix      = $wpdb->get_blog_prefix( $blog->userblog_id );
		$recent_post = $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT ID, post_date_gmt FROM {$prefix}posts WHERE post_author = %d AND post_type = 'post' AND post_status = 'publish' ORDER BY post_date_gmt DESC LIMIT 1", $user_id ), ARRAY_A );

		// Make sure we found a post.
		if ( isset( $recent_post['ID'] ) ) {
			$post_gmt_ts = strtotime( $recent_post['post_date_gmt'] );

			/*
			 * If this is the first post checked
			 * or if this post is newer than the current recent post,
			 * make it the new most recent post.
			 */
			if ( ! isset( $most_recent_post['post_gmt_ts'] ) || ( $post_gmt_ts > $most_recent_post['post_gmt_ts'] ) ) {
				$most_recent_post = array(
					'blog_id'       => $blog->userblog_id,
					'post_id'       => $recent_post['ID'],
					'post_date_gmt' => $recent_post['post_date_gmt'],
					'post_gmt_ts'   => $post_gmt_ts,
				);
			}
		}
	}

	return $most_recent_post;
}

//
// Misc functions.
//

/**
 * Checks an array of MIME types against a list of allowed types.
 *
 * WordPress ships with a set of allowed upload filetypes,
 * which is defined in wp-includes/functions.php in
 * get_allowed_mime_types(). This function is used to filter
 * that list against the filetypes allowed provided by Multisite
 * Super Admins at wp-admin/network/settings.php.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param array $mimes
 * @return array
 */
function check_upload_mimes( $mimes ) {
	$site_exts  = explode( ' ', get_site_option( 'upload_filetypes', 'jpg jpeg png gif' ) );
	$site_mimes = array();
	foreach ( $site_exts as $ext ) {
		foreach ( $mimes as $ext_pattern => $mime ) {
			if ( '' !== $ext && false !== strpos( $ext_pattern, $ext ) ) {
				$site_mimes[ $ext_pattern ] = $mime;
			}
		}
	}
	return $site_mimes;
}

/**
 * Updates a blog's post count.
 *
 * WordPress MS stores a blog's post count as an option so as
 * to avoid extraneous COUNTs when a blog's details are fetched
 * with get_site(). This function is called when posts are published
 * or unpublished to make sure the count stays current.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string $deprecated Not used.
 */
function update_posts_count( $deprecated = '' ) {
	global $wpdb;
	update_option( 'post_count', (int) $wpdb->get_var( "SELECT COUNT(ID) FROM {$wpdb->posts} WHERE post_status = 'publish' and post_type = 'post'" ) );
}

/**
 * Logs the user email, IP, and registration date of a new site.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 * @since 5.1.0 Parameters now support input from the {@see 'wp_initialize_site'} action.
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param WP_Site|int $blog_id The new site's object or ID.
 * @param int|array   $user_id User ID, or array of arguments including 'user_id'.
 */
function wpmu_log_new_registrations( $blog_id, $user_id ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( is_object( $blog_id ) ) {
		$blog_id = $blog_id->blog_id;
	}

	if ( is_array( $user_id ) ) {
		$user_id = ! empty( $user_id['user_id'] ) ? $user_id['user_id'] : 0;
	}

	$user = get_userdata( (int) $user_id );
	if ( $user ) {
		$wpdb->insert(
			$wpdb->registration_log,
			array(
				'email'           => $user->user_email,
				'IP'              => preg_replace( '/[^0-9., ]/', '', wp_unslash( $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) ),
				'blog_id'         => $blog_id,
				'date_registered' => current_time( 'mysql' ),
			)
		);
	}
}

/**
 * Ensures that the current site's domain is listed in the allowed redirect host list.
 *
 * @see wp_validate_redirect()
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param array|string $deprecated Not used.
 * @return string[] {
 *     An array containing the current site's domain.
 *
 *     @type string $0 The current site's domain.
 * }
 */
function redirect_this_site( $deprecated = '' ) {
	return array( get_network()->domain );
}

/**
 * Checks whether an upload is too big.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @blessed
 *
 * @param array $upload An array of information about the newly-uploaded file.
 * @return string|array If the upload is under the size limit, $upload is returned. Otherwise returns an error message.
 */
function upload_is_file_too_big( $upload ) {
	if ( ! is_array( $upload ) || defined( 'WP_IMPORTING' ) || get_site_option( 'upload_space_check_disabled' ) ) {
		return $upload;
	}

	if ( strlen( $upload['bits'] ) > ( KB_IN_BYTES * get_site_option( 'fileupload_maxk', 1500 ) ) ) {
		/* translators: %s: Maximum allowed file size in kilobytes. */
		return sprintf( __( 'This file is too big. Files must be less than %s KB in size.' ) . '<br />', get_site_option( 'fileupload_maxk', 1500 ) );
	}

	return $upload;
}

/**
 * Adds a nonce field to the signup page.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 */
function signup_nonce_fields() {
	$id = mt_rand();
	echo "<input type='hidden' name='signup_form_id' value='{$id}' />";
	wp_nonce_field( 'signup_form_' . $id, '_signup_form', false );
}

/**
 * Processes the signup nonce created in signup_nonce_fields().
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param array $result
 * @return array
 */
function signup_nonce_check( $result ) {
	if ( ! strpos( $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'], 'wp-signup.php' ) ) {
		return $result;
	}

	if ( ! wp_verify_nonce( $_POST['_signup_form'], 'signup_form_' . $_POST['signup_form_id'] ) ) {
		$result['errors']->add( 'invalid_nonce', __( 'Unable to submit this form, please try again.' ) );
	}

	return $result;
}

/**
 * Corrects 404 redirects when NOBLOGREDIRECT is defined.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 */
function maybe_redirect_404() {
	if ( is_main_site() && is_404() && defined( 'NOBLOGREDIRECT' ) ) {
		/**
		 * Filters the redirect URL for 404s on the main site.
		 *
		 * The filter is only evaluated if the NOBLOGREDIRECT constant is defined.
		 *
		 * @since 3.0.0
		 *
		 * @param string $no_blog_redirect The redirect URL defined in NOBLOGREDIRECT.
		 */
		$destination = apply_filters( 'blog_redirect_404', NOBLOGREDIRECT );

		if ( $destination ) {
			if ( '%siteurl%' === $destination ) {
				$destination = network_home_url();
			}

			wp_redirect( $destination );
			exit;
		}
	}
}

/**
 * Adds a new user to a blog by visiting /newbloguser/{key}/.
 *
 * This will only work when the user's details are saved as an option
 * keyed as 'new_user_{key}', where '{key}' is a hash generated for the user to be
 * added, as when a user is invited through the regular WP Add User interface.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 */
function maybe_add_existing_user_to_blog() {
	if ( false === strpos( $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], '/newbloguser/' ) ) {
		return;
	}

	$parts = explode( '/', $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] );
	$key   = array_pop( $parts );

	if ( '' === $key ) {
		$key = array_pop( $parts );
	}

	$details = get_option( 'new_user_' . $key );
	if ( ! empty( $details ) ) {
		delete_option( 'new_user_' . $key );
	}

	if ( empty( $details ) || is_wp_error( add_existing_user_to_blog( $details ) ) ) {
		wp_die(
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: Home URL. */
				__( 'An error occurred adding you to this site. Go to the <a href="%s">homepage</a>.' ),
				home_url()
			)
		);
	}

	wp_die(
		sprintf(
			/* translators: 1: Home URL, 2: Admin URL. */
			__( 'You have been added to this site. Please visit the <a href="%1$s">homepage</a> or <a href="%2$s">log in</a> using your username and password.' ),
			home_url(),
			admin_url()
		),
		__( 'WordPress &rsaquo; Success' ),
		array( 'response' => 200 )
	);
}

/**
 * Adds a user to a blog based on details from maybe_add_existing_user_to_blog().
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param array|false $details {
 *     User details. Must at least contain values for the keys listed below.
 *
 *     @type int    $user_id The ID of the user being added to the current blog.
 *     @type string $role    The role to be assigned to the user.
 * }
 * @return true|WP_Error|void True on success or a WP_Error object if the user doesn't exist
 *                            or could not be added. Void if $details array was not provided.
 */
function add_existing_user_to_blog( $details = false ) {
	if ( is_array( $details ) ) {
		$blog_id = get_current_blog_id();
		$result  = add_user_to_blog( $blog_id, $details['user_id'], $details['role'] );

		/**
		 * Fires immediately after an existing user is added to a site.
		 *
		 * @since MU (3.0.0)
		 *
		 * @param int           $user_id User ID.
		 * @param true|WP_Error $result  True on success or a WP_Error object if the user doesn't exist
		 *                               or could not be added.
		 */
		do_action( 'added_existing_user', $details['user_id'], $result );

		return $result;
	}
}

/**
 * Adds a newly created user to the appropriate blog
 *
 * To add a user in general, use add_user_to_blog(). This function
 * is specifically hooked into the {@see 'wpmu_activate_user'} action.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @see add_user_to_blog()
 *
 * @param int    $user_id  User ID.
 * @param string $password User password. Ignored.
 * @param array  $meta     Signup meta data.
 */
function add_new_user_to_blog( $user_id, $password, $meta ) {
	if ( ! empty( $meta['add_to_blog'] ) ) {
		$blog_id = $meta['add_to_blog'];
		$role    = $meta['new_role'];
		remove_user_from_blog( $user_id, get_network()->site_id ); // Remove user from main blog.

		$result = add_user_to_blog( $blog_id, $user_id, $role );

		if ( ! is_wp_error( $result ) ) {
			update_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', $blog_id );
		}
	}
}

/**
 * Corrects From host on outgoing mail to match the site domain.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param PHPMailer $phpmailer The PHPMailer instance (passed by reference).
 */
function fix_phpmailer_messageid( $phpmailer ) {
	$phpmailer->Hostname = get_network()->domain;
}

/**
 * Determines whether a user is marked as a spammer, based on user login.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param string|WP_User $user Optional. Defaults to current user. WP_User object,
 *                             or user login name as a string.
 * @return bool
 */
function is_user_spammy( $user = null ) {
	if ( ! ( $user instanceof WP_User ) ) {
		if ( $user ) {
			$user = get_user_by( 'login', $user );
		} else {
			$user = wp_get_current_user();
		}
	}

	return $user && isset( $user->spam ) && 1 == $user->spam;
}

/**
 * Updates this blog's 'public' setting in the global blogs table.
 *
 * Public blogs have a setting of 1, private blogs are 0.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param int $old_value The old public value.
 * @param int $value     The new public value.
 */
function update_blog_public( $old_value, $value ) {
	update_blog_status( get_current_blog_id(), 'public', (int) $value );
}

/**
 * Determines whether users can self-register, based on Network settings.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @return bool
 */
function users_can_register_signup_filter() {
	$registration = get_site_option( 'registration' );
	return ( 'all' === $registration || 'user' === $registration );
}

/**
 * Ensures that the welcome message is not empty. Currently unused.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param string $text
 * @return string
 */
function welcome_user_msg_filter( $text ) {
	if ( ! $text ) {
		remove_filter( 'site_option_welcome_user_email', 'welcome_user_msg_filter' );

		/* translators: Do not translate USERNAME, PASSWORD, LOGINLINK, SITE_NAME: those are placeholders. */
		$text = __(
			'Howdy USERNAME,

Your new account is set up.

You can log in with the following information:
Username: USERNAME
Password: PASSWORD
LOGINLINK

Thanks!

--The Team @ SITE_NAME'
		);
		update_site_option( 'welcome_user_email', $text );
	}
	return $text;
}

/**
 * Determines whether to force SSL on content.
 *
 * @since 2.8.5
 *
 * @param bool $force
 * @return bool True if forced, false if not forced.
 */
function force_ssl_content( $force = '' ) {
	static $forced_content = false;

	if ( ! $force ) {
		$old_forced     = $forced_content;
		$forced_content = $force;
		return $old_forced;
	}

	return $forced_content;
}

/**
 * Formats a URL to use https.
 *
 * Useful as a filter.
 *
 * @since 2.8.5
 *
 * @param string $url URL.
 * @return string URL with https as the scheme.
 */
function filter_SSL( $url ) {  // phpcs:ignore WordPress.NamingConventions.ValidFunctionName.FunctionNameInvalid
	if ( ! is_string( $url ) ) {
		return get_bloginfo( 'url' ); // Return home blog URL with proper scheme.
	}

	if ( force_ssl_content() && is_ssl() ) {
		$url = set_url_scheme( $url, 'https' );
	}

	return $url;
}

/**
 * Schedules update of the network-wide counts for the current network.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 */
function wp_schedule_update_network_counts() {
	if ( ! is_main_site() ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( ! wp_next_scheduled( 'update_network_counts' ) && ! wp_installing() ) {
		wp_schedule_event( time(), 'twicedaily', 'update_network_counts' );
	}
}

/**
 * Updates the network-wide counts for the current network.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 * @since 4.8.0 The `$network_id` parameter has been added.
 *
 * @param int|null $network_id ID of the network. Default is the current network.
 */
function wp_update_network_counts( $network_id = null ) {
	wp_update_network_user_counts( $network_id );
	wp_update_network_site_counts( $network_id );
}

/**
 * Updates the count of sites for the current network.
 *
 * If enabled through the {@see 'enable_live_network_counts'} filter, update the sites count
 * on a network when a site is created or its status is updated.
 *
 * @since 3.7.0
 * @since 4.8.0 The `$network_id` parameter has been added.
 *
 * @param int|null $network_id ID of the network. Default is the current network.
 */
function wp_maybe_update_network_site_counts( $network_id = null ) {
	$is_small_network = ! wp_is_large_network( 'sites', $network_id );

	/**
	 * Filters whether to update network site or user counts when a new site is created.
	 *
	 * @since 3.7.0
	 *
	 * @see wp_is_large_network()
	 *
	 * @param bool   $small_network Whether the network is considered small.
	 * @param string $context       Context. Either 'users' or 'sites'.
	 */
	if ( ! apply_filters( 'enable_live_network_counts', $is_small_network, 'sites' ) ) {
		return;
	}

	wp_update_network_site_counts( $network_id );
}

/**
 * Updates the network-wide users count.
 *
 * If enabled through the {@see 'enable_live_network_counts'} filter, update the users count
 * on a network when a user is created or its status is updated.
 *
 * @since 3.7.0
 * @since 4.8.0 The `$network_id` parameter has been added.
 *
 * @param int|null $network_id ID of the network. Default is the current network.
 */
function wp_maybe_update_network_user_counts( $network_id = null ) {
	$is_small_network = ! wp_is_large_network( 'users', $network_id );

	/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/ms-functions.php */
	if ( ! apply_filters( 'enable_live_network_counts', $is_small_network, 'users' ) ) {
		return;
	}

	wp_update_network_user_counts( $network_id );
}

/**
 * Updates the network-wide site count.
 *
 * @since 3.7.0
 * @since 4.8.0 The `$network_id` parameter has been added.
 *
 * @param int|null $network_id ID of the network. Default is the current network.
 */
function wp_update_network_site_counts( $network_id = null ) {
	$network_id = (int) $network_id;
	if ( ! $network_id ) {
		$network_id = get_current_network_id();
	}

	$count = get_sites(
		array(
			'network_id'             => $network_id,
			'spam'                   => 0,
			'deleted'                => 0,
			'archived'               => 0,
			'count'                  => true,
			'update_site_meta_cache' => false,
		)
	);

	update_network_option( $network_id, 'blog_count', $count );
}

/**
 * Updates the network-wide user count.
 *
 * @since 3.7.0
 * @since 4.8.0 The `$network_id` parameter has been added.
 * @since 6.0.0 This function is now a wrapper for wp_update_user_counts().
 *
 * @param int|null $network_id ID of the network. Default is the current network.
 */
function wp_update_network_user_counts( $network_id = null ) {
	wp_update_user_counts( $network_id );
}

/**
 * Returns the space used by the current site.
 *
 * @since 3.5.0
 *
 * @return int Used space in megabytes.
 */
function get_space_used() {
	/**
	 * Filters the amount of storage space used by the current site, in megabytes.
	 *
	 * @since 3.5.0
	 *
	 * @param int|false $space_used The amount of used space, in megabytes. Default false.
	 */
	$space_used = apply_filters( 'pre_get_space_used', false );

	if ( false === $space_used ) {
		$upload_dir = wp_upload_dir();
		$space_used = get_dirsize( $upload_dir['basedir'] ) / MB_IN_BYTES;
	}

	return $space_used;
}

/**
 * Returns the upload quota for the current blog.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @return int Quota in megabytes.
 */
function get_space_allowed() {
	$space_allowed = get_option( 'blog_upload_space' );

	if ( ! is_numeric( $space_allowed ) ) {
		$space_allowed = get_site_option( 'blog_upload_space' );
	}

	if ( ! is_numeric( $space_allowed ) ) {
		$space_allowed = 100;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the upload quota for the current site.
	 *
	 * @since 3.7.0
	 *
	 * @param int $space_allowed Upload quota in megabytes for the current blog.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'get_space_allowed', $space_allowed );
}

/**
 * Determines if there is any upload space left in the current blog's quota.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @return int of upload space available in bytes.
 */
function get_upload_space_available() {
	$allowed = get_space_allowed();
	if ( $allowed < 0 ) {
		$allowed = 0;
	}
	$space_allowed = $allowed * MB_IN_BYTES;
	if ( get_site_option( 'upload_space_check_disabled' ) ) {
		return $space_allowed;
	}

	$space_used = get_space_used() * MB_IN_BYTES;

	if ( ( $space_allowed - $space_used ) <= 0 ) {
		return 0;
	}

	return $space_allowed - $space_used;
}

/**
 * Determines if there is any upload space left in the current blog's quota.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 * @return bool True if space is available, false otherwise.
 */
function is_upload_space_available() {
	if ( get_site_option( 'upload_space_check_disabled' ) ) {
		return true;
	}

	return (bool) get_upload_space_available();
}

/**
 * Filters the maximum upload file size allowed, in bytes.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @param int $size Upload size limit in bytes.
 * @return int Upload size limit in bytes.
 */
function upload_size_limit_filter( $size ) {
	$fileupload_maxk         = (int) get_site_option( 'fileupload_maxk', 1500 );
	$max_fileupload_in_bytes = KB_IN_BYTES * $fileupload_maxk;

	if ( get_site_option( 'upload_space_check_disabled' ) ) {
		return min( $size, $max_fileupload_in_bytes );
	}

	return min( $size, $max_fileupload_in_bytes, get_upload_space_available() );
}

/**
 * Determines whether or not we have a large network.
 *
 * The default criteria for a large network is either more than 10,000 users or more than 10,000 sites.
 * Plugins can alter this criteria using the {@see 'wp_is_large_network'} filter.
 *
 * @since 3.3.0
 * @since 4.8.0 The `$network_id` parameter has been added.
 *
 * @param string   $using      'sites' or 'users'. Default is 'sites'.
 * @param int|null $network_id ID of the network. Default is the current network.
 * @return bool True if the network meets the criteria for large. False otherwise.
 */
function wp_is_large_network( $using = 'sites', $network_id = null ) {
	$network_id = (int) $network_id;
	if ( ! $network_id ) {
		$network_id = get_current_network_id();
	}

	if ( 'users' === $using ) {
		$count = get_user_count( $network_id );

		$is_large_network = wp_is_large_user_count( $network_id );

		/**
		 * Filters whether the network is considered large.
		 *
		 * @since 3.3.0
		 * @since 4.8.0 The `$network_id` parameter has been added.
		 *
		 * @param bool   $is_large_network Whether the network has more than 10000 users or sites.
		 * @param string $component        The component to count. Accepts 'users', or 'sites'.
		 * @param int    $count            The count of items for the component.
		 * @param int    $network_id       The ID of the network being checked.
		 */
		return apply_filters( 'wp_is_large_network', $is_large_network, 'users', $count, $network_id );
	}

	$count = get_blog_count( $network_id );

	/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/ms-functions.php */
	return apply_filters( 'wp_is_large_network', $count > 10000, 'sites', $count, $network_id );
}

/**
 * Retrieves a list of reserved site on a sub-directory Multisite installation.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @return string[] Array of reserved names.
 */
function get_subdirectory_reserved_names() {
	$names = array(
		'page',
		'comments',
		'blog',
		'files',
		'feed',
		'wp-admin',
		'wp-content',
		'wp-includes',
		'wp-json',
		'embed',
	);

	/**
	 * Filters reserved site names on a sub-directory Multisite installation.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 * @since 4.4.0 'wp-admin', 'wp-content', 'wp-includes', 'wp-json', and 'embed' were added
	 *              to the reserved names list.
	 *
	 * @param string[] $subdirectory_reserved_names Array of reserved names.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'subdirectory_reserved_names', $names );
}

/**
 * Sends a confirmation request email when a change of network admin email address is attempted.
 *
 * The new network admin address will not become active until confirmed.
 *
 * @since 4.9.0
 *
 * @param string $old_value The old network admin email address.
 * @param string $value     The proposed new network admin email address.
 */
function update_network_option_new_admin_email( $old_value, $value ) {
	if ( get_site_option( 'admin_email' ) === $value || ! is_email( $value ) ) {
		return;
	}

	$hash            = md5( $value . time() . mt_rand() );
	$new_admin_email = array(
		'hash'     => $hash,
		'newemail' => $value,
	);
	update_site_option( 'network_admin_hash', $new_admin_email );

	$switched_locale = switch_to_user_locale( get_current_user_id() );

	/* translators: Do not translate USERNAME, ADMIN_URL, EMAIL, SITENAME, SITEURL: those are placeholders. */
	$email_text = __(
		'Howdy ###USERNAME###,

You recently requested to have the network admin email address on
your network changed.

If this is correct, please click on the following link to change it:
###ADMIN_URL###

You can safely ignore and delete this email if you do not want to
take this action.

This email has been sent to ###EMAIL###

Regards,
All at ###SITENAME###
###SITEURL###'
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the text of the email sent when a change of network admin email address is attempted.
	 *
	 * The following strings have a special meaning and will get replaced dynamically:
	 * ###USERNAME###  The current user's username.
	 * ###ADMIN_URL### The link to click on to confirm the email change.
	 * ###EMAIL###     The proposed new network admin email address.
	 * ###SITENAME###  The name of the network.
	 * ###SITEURL###   The URL to the network.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.0
	 *
	 * @param string $email_text      Text in the email.
	 * @param array  $new_admin_email {
	 *     Data relating to the new network admin email address.
	 *
	 *     @type string $hash     The secure hash used in the confirmation link URL.
	 *     @type string $newemail The proposed new network admin email address.
	 * }
	 */
	$content = apply_filters( 'new_network_admin_email_content', $email_text, $new_admin_email );

	$current_user = wp_get_current_user();
	$content      = str_replace( '###USERNAME###', $current_user->user_login, $content );
	$content      = str_replace( '###ADMIN_URL###', esc_url( network_admin_url( 'settings.php?network_admin_hash=' . $hash ) ), $content );
	$content      = str_replace( '###EMAIL###', $value, $content );
	$content      = str_replace( '###SITENAME###', wp_specialchars_decode( get_site_option( 'site_name' ), ENT_QUOTES ), $content );
	$content      = str_replace( '###SITEURL###', network_home_url(), $content );

	wp_mail(
		$value,
		sprintf(
			/* translators: Email change notification email subject. %s: Network title. */
			__( '[%s] Network Admin Email Change Request' ),
			wp_specialchars_decode( get_site_option( 'site_name' ), ENT_QUOTES )
		),
		$content
	);

	if ( $switched_locale ) {
		restore_previous_locale();
	}
}

/**
 * Sends an email to the old network admin email address when the network admin email address changes.
 *
 * @since 4.9.0
 *
 * @param string $option_name The relevant database option name.
 * @param string $new_email   The new network admin email address.
 * @param string $old_email   The old network admin email address.
 * @param int    $network_id  ID of the network.
 */
function wp_network_admin_email_change_notification( $option_name, $new_email, $old_email, $network_id ) {
	$send = true;

	// Don't send the notification to the default 'admin_email' value.
	if ( 'you@example.com' === $old_email ) {
		$send = false;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters whether to send the network admin email change notification email.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.0
	 *
	 * @param bool   $send       Whether to send the email notification.
	 * @param string $old_email  The old network admin email address.
	 * @param string $new_email  The new network admin email address.
	 * @param int    $network_id ID of the network.
	 */
	$send = apply_filters( 'send_network_admin_email_change_email', $send, $old_email, $new_email, $network_id );

	if ( ! $send ) {
		return;
	}

	/* translators: Do not translate OLD_EMAIL, NEW_EMAIL, SITENAME, SITEURL: those are placeholders. */
	$email_change_text = __(
		'Hi,

This notice confirms that the network admin email address was changed on ###SITENAME###.

The new network admin email address is ###NEW_EMAIL###.

This email has been sent to ###OLD_EMAIL###

Regards,
All at ###SITENAME###
###SITEURL###'
	);

	$email_change_email = array(
		'to'      => $old_email,
		/* translators: Network admin email change notification email subject. %s: Network title. */
		'subject' => __( '[%s] Network Admin Email Changed' ),
		'message' => $email_change_text,
		'headers' => '',
	);
	// Get network name.
	$network_name = wp_specialchars_decode( get_site_option( 'site_name' ), ENT_QUOTES );

	/**
	 * Filters the contents of the email notification sent when the network admin email address is changed.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.0
	 *
	 * @param array $email_change_email {
	 *     Used to build wp_mail().
	 *
	 *     @type string $to      The intended recipient.
	 *     @type string $subject The subject of the email.
	 *     @type string $message The content of the email.
	 *         The following strings have a special meaning and will get replaced dynamically:
	 *         - ###OLD_EMAIL### The old network admin email address.
	 *         - ###NEW_EMAIL### The new network admin email address.
	 *         - ###SITENAME###  The name of the network.
	 *         - ###SITEURL###   The URL to the site.
	 *     @type string $headers Headers.
	 * }
	 * @param string $old_email  The old network admin email address.
	 * @param string $new_email  The new network admin email address.
	 * @param int    $network_id ID of the network.
	 */
	$email_change_email = apply_filters( 'network_admin_email_change_email', $email_change_email, $old_email, $new_email, $network_id );

	$email_change_email['message'] = str_replace( '###OLD_EMAIL###', $old_email, $email_change_email['message'] );
	$email_change_email['message'] = str_replace( '###NEW_EMAIL###', $new_email, $email_change_email['message'] );
	$email_change_email['message'] = str_replace( '###SITENAME###', $network_name, $email_change_email['message'] );
	$email_change_email['message'] = str_replace( '###SITEURL###', home_url(), $email_change_email['message'] );

	wp_mail(
		$email_change_email['to'],
		sprintf(
			$email_change_email['subject'],
			$network_name
		),
		$email_change_email['message'],
		$email_change_email['headers']
	);
}
Fakes will usually have a sharper – Base de données MCPV "Prestataires"

Fakes will usually have a sharper

Reps Vs Real Sneakers: An In-depth Analysis Of Fake & Genuine Sneakers Very Best Quality Reps Shoes And Sneakers Website

If you’re capable of get the bulk volume discount and you have a proper business set up and you get a reseller certificates applied, you get sales tax submitted. So you ought to buy this stuff with a excessive bid after which drop them off at your favourite consignment store. Together we are ready to convey the ideas ahead to be used amongst others as we explore via these beautiful creations that characterize a fantastic variety. Margiela bases its GATs on a coach built for the West German Army in the Seventies. Originally designed by Puma however put into manufacturing by Adidas, the design is regularly copied.

Impressed by the craftsmanship of the replicas, he decided final year to go into business with a counterfeiter in the notorious shoe metropolis. Putian, in China’s coastal Fujian province, has been China’s sneaker manufacturing capital for many years. As a end result, it’s also the center of the counterfeit shoe industry. At night time, shopping centers come alive with showrooms displaying bootleg Nikes, Adidas and New Balance out within the open.

📲 Stay linked with us for the most recent firstcopyshoes releases, reside product videos, and exclusive deals. Enjoy a safe checkout course of with a quantity of cost options discountshoesmart.com, together with pay as you go and COD. Whether you’re looking for sport, running, casuals, or fashionable footwear, our assortment caters to all wants. I paid via Western Union and figured I roll the cube and provides it a shot. Very happy with these sandals and the communication with seller named Joelaw.

The eyes can be fooled easily in phrases of recognizing fakes but the sense of odor is more discerning. The materials used to make footwear are unique, in addition to their scent. If you could have considerations concerning the authenticity of your stickers, look them up on the web and compare them to other examples. If they don’t match, then you’re in all probability looking at a fake.

They run somewhat small however the high quality of the shoe and the fabric are rattling near spot on. Lower grades like ‘A’ or ‘AA’ may have more noticeable variations from the unique products. AliExpress, for instance, lets you addContent photographs directly on their platform to search out similar items. While DIYTrade’s interface is straightforward to navigate, high quality management depends closely on the person provider. Payment safety just isn’t constructed into the platform, so due diligence is crucial when inserting large orders. Buyers can vet suppliers through inspection reports and product samples earlier than placing large orders.

An unique Adidas won’t ever fault this detailing which is often spotted in the fake sneakers. Epitomising refined urban fashion, the Replica low-top trainers from Maison Margiela exude both fashionable flair and nostalgic charm. These distinguished sneakers are expertly crafted from lustrous, silver-tone leather with sumptuous suede inserts, revealing a charming interaction of textures. Due to the poor quality of workmanship, incorrect packaging, and former expertise with comparable products, CBP says officers decided the footwear were not genuine objects. Demand for premium-looking footwear at accessible worth points continues to drive wholesale orders, notably in emerging markets.

The hottest Balenciaga sneakers retail between $995 and $1,one hundred fifty. Balenciaga’s web site now permits you to pay for some of their sneakers using crypto cost. No stone ought to be left unturned when searching for faux Versace shoes.

Many customers unknowingly buy counterfeit goods, notably online or in casual marketplaces. However, ignorance of a product’s counterfeit nature does not all the time absolve a buyer of liability Replica Sneakers, especially if the price or circumstances recommend the merchandise isn’t real. From being budget-friendly to providing many fashion options, it’s easy to see why many individuals select these over designer brands.

Let’s also say this pair is the Nike Air Yeezy 2 ‘Red October’. When launched online at NikeStore.com, the sneakers sold out within a minute, actually and to high it off, not plenty of fashions were produced. The Good Will Out high replica sneakers, best reps replica Sneaker website. All of those Maison Margiela GAT duplicate sneaker alternatives have something distinctive to supply.

UA footwear will stand the check of time when you take care of them. Though minor defects may be observed, they don’t seem to be significantly seen. SMP footwear are extra comfortable than SP and AAA varieties. Depending on how frequently they’re used replica shoes, they will last up to two months. Although not recommended, SP-grade footwear can be an option if cash is tight. Yet if inspected carefully, numerous defects could be detected.

Many replicas are made with low-quality supplies, contributing to waste. The fast trend business, which often includes duplicate products, considerably impacts the surroundings. Unsustainable practices in sourcing materials and disposal can result in increased air pollution and landfill waste. Choosing sustainable footwear manufacturers promotes eco-friendly practices. Fake shoes, also called reproduction sneakers, are imitations of genuine footwear brands.

Material used to make the sneakers – Sub commonplace materials won’t final and you will want top quality materials similar to PVC rubber, leather-based, polyester or material. Join us as we delve into the world of replica footwear, the place we spotlight the highest picks that promise to raise your shoe collection. Get ready to discover how you can step into style and make a press release with every stride, all while maintaining your funds firmly grounded. You can also search on Alibaba, however don’t search for Nike or Adidas, you won’t find what you’re looking for. Instead, seek for “Putian shoes” or “Putian shoe factory”, and you’ll discover plenty of Putian shoe listings.

Have you ever spotted a pair of fashionable sneakers online and puzzled if they’re the actual deal or just a replica? With the rise of classy footwear, many individuals find themselves in a dilemma about whether to purchase replicas. It’s a common situation that raises questions on legality and ethics.

But, if I have been to choose one name total, that might be Crossreps.com. It will look punctured until you push it once more to the unique place. You can present this high quality to your friend with a straight face and see their funny response. 👉 Everythingreps and Hypeunique belong to this class. Of course, I’m not saying this high quality is horrible; it’s normal. But, so far as pricing is anxious, they should improve according to that.

Here are the highest stores that cope with these replica sneakers. I’ve been burned many instances with poor quality reps and sadly that is part of the method of owning reproduction sneakers. But over years I’ve identified a couple of good sellers who are actually good. They are referred to as fakes, reproduction sneakers, knock-offs, B grades, counterfeits, bootlegs, etc. Rep shoes aren’t mechanically unlawful, however it could possibly get tough. The line is crossed when they begin copying logos or specific designs from well-known manufacturers without permission.

If you are on the lookout for a classy Air Jordan replica without breaking the bank, then these are the perfect footwear for you. They look genuine but lack the Jordan emblem on the tongue which is a lifeless giveaway that they’re replicas. Apart from that, the Jumpman 4s appears fairly like the Retro replicas and are available in over 25 different colours. The hottest Jumpman 4s variants out there are the “What The” and the “White Cement”. The Air Jordan Jumpman 4s is the latest in the Jordan assortment and a super pair to buy if you’re in search of one thing that’s stylish and athletic on the similar time. These sneakers could be worn everyday and it comes with a breathable material that keeps your toes cool.

As seen on the faux one, the brand is thicker, it is smudged and is chipping off. Here too, it may be very important take note of the font, spacing and placement of the brand. We summarize the most popular trends from 1,000+ orders by our purchasers monthly, that can help you discover your winning product. Get your product ideas and inspirations from Jingsourcing’s monthly reports. Putian is located in Fujian Province on the southern coast of China.

This one is made of real sterling silver and prices $395 in the medium size. The iconic Cartier Love Ring could be found on a couple of websites, including 1stDibs the place we found this diamond-covered silver ring for $2,450. You can store around on the location for more Cartier options to purchase or bid on, each of which comes from a vetted seller. The company shipped footwear of extremely low high quality from China. A respected shoe retailer like Zappos has been talked about tens of millions of occasions on the Internet.

Jenna stated it would’ve been the secret service who chose the moniker for her, and he or she defined the special connection her family has to the name “Crawford.” For over 30 years, Van Halen Store has been providing the world’s largest selection of Van Halen and EVH merchandise and collectibles. Everything you find here is authentic and formally licensed.

What constitutes a cloth change might be determined at our sole discretion. Real and in great condition are solely two of the necessities. West hasn’t said much about the black market for his sneakers; a publicist for the rapper did not reply to a request for comment. Those illicit factories typically obtain samples of recent kinds immediately from Adidas’ two factories in China. The moles are additionally liable for photographs of proto-Yeezys leaking on-line before Adidas announces their launch.

BaseReps is your gateway to a world where top quality meets fashion-forward design in reps sneakers, duplicate bags, and reproduction jackets. Our assortment, appealing to each women and men, features the finest quality replicas at extra inexpensive prices. Experience our dedication to excellence with each purchase, complemented by our promise of premium transport. Today, many shoe brands, including Vessi, focus on offering high-quality footwear that combines fashion, comfort, and innovation—without resorting to imitation.

Buying reps for personal use is often not illegal, however promoting them as genuine sneakers or in large portions can break counterfeit laws. Be wary of costs that appear too good to be true, as they often are. Also, search for any misspellings or other errors on the shoe, as these could be a signal of a pretend product. Check the tags and labels on the shoes for any discrepancies or inaccuracies. You also can ask the seller for proof of authenticity, similar to a receipt or tag from the original store.

When it involves promoting replicas legally, there are numerous excellent choices for displaying and promoting your products. Not all knockoffs are created equal, and some are instantly recognizable whereas others aren’t. This is a lucrative business, in part owing to the many individuals who profit from the sale of counterfeit footwear in addition to the plethora of “legitimate” fakes available. We’ve all seen the Twitter memes of horrible fakes, with the wrong logos and misspelled words, but these aren’t the only fakes out there. When you get new footwear, the pleasure you get from them generally outweighs the cash spent, but there’s a problem when your best shoe isn’t what it seems to be. We’re here to assist you in figuring out fakes, subsequently we’ve put up a brief guidelines of things to search for when you’re on the hunt for model spanking new sneakers.

Travis Scott has collaborated on a number of tasks with Nike and Jordan Brand, along with his hottest sneaker dropping final summer. Technology has remodeled the game and left the neighborhood with mixed outcomes. However, the sneaker resale platform StockX continues to strive for transparency by providing data to the common public. They look tremendous trendy and are excellent for taking half in basketball, operating, walking, jogging and even as an informal put on. There are sturdy cushions at the base to reduce back the influence that helps defend your knees. To date, we now have delivered 1000’s of orders, and our web site stands out for its verified critiques and buyer satisfaction.

Alongside this reputation explosion, replica sneakers (commonly often known as “reps”) have created a brand new layer of complexity within the footwear market. For many shoppers, selecting replicas and genuine sneakers entails weighing components like high quality, price, ethics, and cultural significance. This essay delves into these features, comprehensively analyzing the differences between reps and genuine footwear and examining why every choice appeals to totally different buyers. In the world of trend and sneakers, there’s at all times been a divide between genuine merchandise and their imitations. Over the previous few years, high-quality duplicate shoes—often called “reps”—have gained severe traction, particularly in sneaker culture. With skyrocketing costs on retail and resale platforms, increasingly individuals are turning to replicas as a extra affordable method to take pleasure in their favorite styles.

Also, we don’t buy them as a result of they’re still out there for retail costs. The emergence of HypeX will change the chaotic pretend designer web sites. First, we are going to present the highest high quality reproduction designer clothing, together with Lv, and Fendi. In the uncooked materials of the garments, we use the identical supplies as the genuine ones. Secondly, 24-hour on-line service and excellent after-sales service will make you satisfied. Reps in shoes, also referred to as replicas, have gotten more and more well-liked amongst sneaker enthusiasts.

That was a fairly successful technique up until all these consignment stores began going stomach up and now that technique now not exists. So for some of this stuff, I was shopping for it for my local consignment store. I felt the worth of that shoe was under-market so I bought these.

Everything reps provides an in depth assortment beyond footwear but at larger prices with slower customer service. Firstsneakers is one other new vendor to pop up on DHgate over the past year. They manufacture and sell good quality shoes and concentrate on replica sneakers from main manufacturers like Yeezy, Air Jordan, Nike and even Adidas.

Believe me, reproduction or “rep” shoes are NOT the identical as genuine or “real” footwear. Reps are shoe replicas which are made to seem like the unique shoe, however they don’t appear to be crafted with the same high quality materials or craftsmanship as the unique. If the worth difference isn’t much, then you would possibly be likely coping with actual Nike footwear. If you want to examine, you can message the seller and ask them if the product is genuine or not. If they promote it as real and they promote you a pretend product, then you’ll find a way to request a refund from Aliexpress. The DrKucak Store is a particular retailer for Women Nike’s Replica sneakers.

As technology progresses, the quality gap between replicas and real sneakers is closing. Some high-tier replicas are only barely distinguishable from actual shoes, posing challenges to manufacturers relating to design safety and sustaining exclusivity. Meanwhile, shopper selectivity increases, and most are keen to pay a premium to ensure the product is genuine. Purchasing genuine sneakers supports the brands that design and produce them, contributing to the industry’s ongoing innovation. Companies like Nike and Adidas invest closely in analysis and improvement to create new applied sciences and supplies.

These replicas are made but are not endorsed or accredited as they try to replicate the style, supplies, and attributes of luxurious items. You can even buy the new Gucci x Adidas sneaker or the Supreme logo-adorned model of Kanye West’s sought-after Yeezy Boost. SneakerReplica.com focuses on high-quality replicas of in style sneaker models. Their commitment to quality and customer satisfaction makes them a reliable alternative for sneaker enthusiasts. When you try to get the world to believe that you’re one thing that you’re not. That you try to sell a faux product to someone as an genuine one.

These guys are made in Asia and are way more reasonably priced than our top luxury-leaning picks, just like the Oliver Cabells and the Svenssons. Though they fly additional beneath the radar (pardon the pun) than the minimalist white sneaker, menswear nerds can’t get enough of this stuff. Designs have advanced to incorporate different suede stripes and even Maison Margiela Fur Replica GATs.

There have been so many cases the place patrons have gone off platform and have been burnt by sellers they’ve trusted. If you might be on the lookout for faux shoes that look real, then check out these vetted shops that I’ve bought from. It’s plain that Putian’s OEM factories have wonderful shoemaking capabilities.

When I’m not researching the latest tendencies, I enjoy going for lengthy walks, exploring new styles, and discovering the most effective ways to maintain sneakers looking recent. Brand identification turns into diluted with the rise of replicas. When consumers buy imitation sneakers, they could fail to recognize the original brand’s value. For instance, Nike invests heavily in marketing and analysis to develop progressive products.

Low-end replicas often arrive in generic or poor-quality packaging. Beyond on-line platforms, there are different efficient strategies to source wholesale duplicate products in China. These approaches provide distinctive advantages and may present entry to a wider range of suppliers and products. Be cautious when ordering from unfamiliar Chinese websites. Look for sellers with high rankings and optimistic customer evaluations.

For the first time, fans can add an authentic Wolverine mask to their collection of officially licensed Marvel Legends Series roleplay gear. Although we gained’t match every value reported, we’ll use your suggestions to ensure that our prices remain competitive. Jenna Bush Hager says she used a faux name “for a time period” to verify into motels when she was younger. Technical specifications kind the foundation of selection standards. Prioritize suppliers providing detailed material composition breakdowns – notably for synthetic uppers (PU, microfiber, or eco-leather alternatives) and sole compounds (TPR or EVA). Minimum trade benchmarks embody 15,000 flex cycles for sole durability and colorfastness ratings exceeding 4/5 on standardized abrasion exams.

Partially, nice for bulk or semi-private label dropshipping. This is more of a long-game platform for those looking for brand control. RepCatalog is virtually built for replica-focused dropshipping. You want strong provider communication and experience in sourcing to use Alibaba effectively for replicas. SMP shoes are made with a high quality that’s twice nearly as good as “AAA ” or “SP”; thus, relying on usage, they may final you 6–12 months.

If you’re traveling from another country to Putian, you can first take a flight to Quanzhou Jinjiang International Airport, which is the closest airport to Putian. From there, you’ll find a way to then take a private automotive or bus to achieve Putian. The Balenciaga Track sneakers are made in China and obtainable in varied impartial colour options. This silhouette is famous for its ‘sneakers meet socks’ look.

This store  has a ranking of 98.7% and has bought over 40k pairs of sneakers throughout their 6 years on DHgate. The AAA-grade sneakers which are replicas may be stated to be good copies of the unique footwear. These replicas are made from commonplace materials and possess such crafting expertise that one needn’t worry about spotting a knockoff. Whereby, for people who need to purchase good high quality copies of sneakers or those that want to resell them, Putian is a market to be at. These keywords seem to yield extra outcomes as a outcome of they do not appeal to restrictions from the platforms. Take the Balenciaga Triple S sneaker, perhaps essentially the most “of the moment” sneaker, its cumbersome silhouette is immediately recognizable, and completely encapsulates the present ugly-as-fashion pattern.

I’m stunned, I would think that spending how a lot money you do on there, that they would deal with you with some precedence.Yeah. And I don’t know if it’s just the best way I filed that help ticket. And that’s the factor in regards to the story is, I’m really a pretty large StockX fan. And I’ve been an enormous proponent of StockX for a while, and I still like them. Tony is a market analysis skilled by day and a mode writer by night. He also enjoys working out, craft beer and spending time along with his wife, daughter, and dog.

You can find virtually anything, from sneakers to boots, allowing you to tailor your footwear collection to your taste. The thought of reps appeared when copies of designer footwear became increasingly popular as an option for people who could not buy true designer sneakers or did not need to. With the beginning of trends in luxurious sneakers, there was important interest in regular, cheap sneakers that gave an identical look. I even have at all times been keen about footwear, whether it’s finding the perfect running sneakers, fashionable boots, or on a regular basis consolation wear. I love testing completely different manufacturers and sharing trustworthy reviews that will assist you pick the most effective pair in your wants.

For his prized “pirate black” editions, he waited so lengthy as he might, understanding that counterfeiters enhance their replicas with every new batch. He finally pulled the trigger on the 10th batch, paying $120 to a sought-after vendor generally known as Chan. In the previous, those in search of counterfeit sneakers needed to navigate a slew of international websites that inspired little confidence. Repsneakers emerged as a spot to seek out and share the most effective on the market.

I actually have to admit that this is doubtless one of the finest replicas I’ve seen available on the market and I actually have examined it on the court. The 21SS Full Logo Jacquard Short options an all-over jacquard weave logo design and high-quality fabric. Elastic waistband and relaxed fit make them excellent for informal put on. No worries – our hassle-free 30-day return policy allows you to strive us on for size and discover the right pair.

You do not should wear branded when the shoes look this good. If you are looking for easy Nike sneaker lookalikes just like the Airforce 1, you’ll find it on this store. And I’ve seen the standard of these footwear dramatically improve over the years. I’ve been collecting sneaker reps and I treat them like an unique with its packaging intact. All although a lot of these sellers are well-liked, their ongoing efficiency of supply high quality reps can’t be assured and therefore I prefer to undergo Dhgate.

Versace is incorporating NFC tags into their newest collections for an online authentication system. Footwear is amongst Versace’s best-selling categories for both women and men. While the Italian style home is famous for its platform heels, its most sought-after footwear are primarily sneakers, slides, and statement sneakers. You might need a pair of Versace sneakers in your want list or could be saving as much as splurge on genuine Versace sneakers. The luxury price point of Versace footwear makes them a common choice for counterfeiters. For readers wanting to delve deeper into the world of Christian Louboutin, Your Next Shoes provides a wealth of articles exploring numerous features of this iconic brand.

But you don’t need your run of the mill, low high quality pretend sneakers. Replicas nowadays have a certain class and here are the shops that sell Nike replicas on-line. The traces between authentic shoes and replicas often blur. Authentic sneakers, directly from manufacturers like Nike and Adidas, include a promise of originality. On the opposite hand, replicas or imitation sneakers might be unauthorized by the unique model however can still boast impeccable quality.

Most people can simply tell they’re not genuine simply by a fast look or touch. There are noticeable variations within the leather quality, craftsmanship, brand clarity, shoe form, and sole in comparability with genuine merchandise. In 1997, the outbreak of the monetary disaster led to a big discount in orders for Putian’s manufacturing factories, making their survival more and more difficult. Consequently, Putian launched into the trail of producing counterfeit shoes.

Due to improper care being given to the wrapping, this typically results in the box being harmed. To consider counterfeit shoes, you must examine product pictures, check customer critiques, and get in contact with distributors on to confirm the standard of the supplies and craftsmanship. The value of such goods is low and the quality is on the highest. Shenzhen is sort of various considering the number of selections available which include smartphones, smartwatches, and completely different accessories. A aggressive market leads to lower prices therefore making replica merchandise of nice quality good worth for money.

I shoot them from my residence where I even have a setup and my shoe collection in the background. Sometimes I’ll deliver my laptop down to the store and report from there. I’m actually backed up on YouTube movies I truly have to get out. Indeed, the Yeezys have had a halo impact on the popularity of Adidas’ other sneakers such as the NMD and Ultraboost, which share comparable stylings however are sold to the mass market. Adidas, meanwhile, has sued brands such as Marc Jacobs, Forever 21 and Juicy Couture over using its signature triple stripes. However, it’s unclear what exactly the 93-year-old athletic model is doing about reproduction Yeezys from China.

Material used to make the sneakers – Sub standard materials won’t final and you will want prime quality supplies similar to PVC rubber, leather, polyester or cloth. Unlike plenty of standalone web sites which may be owned, managed and managed by a single company, DHgate has been around for more than 10 years. They will not want dangerous sellers on their platform that may affect their status. The Sports Shoe Store is a direct from manufacturing facility seller and that’s why they’ve a few of the best charges in the market. But, should you missed the drop time and were not in a position to get on the queue replica shoes, I hope these solutions are helpful for you when purchasing sneakers through a reseller or licensed resale website.

Instead of being flat on the leather-based, the Air Jordan Wings emblem must be embossed. If you run your fingertips over the Air Jordan Wings logo, you should be in a position to feel it. Additionally, you’ll see that the toe box’s openings should be arched.

These are what’s called “money sizes”, or in different terms the popular sizes. A dimension 9 will move quicker than a size 7 which finally ends up in fast gross sales. Now let’s say that you don’t know the history like diehard sneakerheads and perhaps you’re simply moving into accumulating otherwise you wish to make sure your newest purchase is genuine. Maybe the pair you are about to buy isn’t something out of the norm for JB. You could search through the various informational web sites on sneakers, which can take a while but can save you on getting burned. We do have an Air Jordan History section which you may find a way to flick thru to see if the colours match up with an already launched pair.

Look for official logos or seals of approval from the producer. If you are unsure, you’ll be able to all the time contact the producer on to ask about licensed retailers in your space. The materials, ease, and manufacture are of the highest caliber.

3 This article will break down what rep sneakers actually are and reveal five eye-opening information about these stylish copycats. Rep shoe check with the replica of sports brand or designer brand shoe by private factories without the authorization of the brand. Their appearance and materials are virtually the same, but the value is usually solely 1/4 of the original. Because the original is dear and most people cannot afford it, rep shoes have gotten more and more in style among customers. The finest replica shoe website can be Dhgate arms down because it has over 30 to 40 replica sellers.

The Best Balenciaga Slides Dupes A model with a status for top-quality merchandise and unique designs, the favored Balencia … Discover top-quality Dior B22 dupes at unbeatable costs on Dhgate. Unveiling Dior B22 Dupes on Dhgate Looking to rock the iconic Dior B22 sneakers without burning a gap in your po …

In shopper capitalism we’re taught that the issues we purchase are a direct representation of how a lot we’re profitable (or losing) at life. The lenses are too dark and I question their quality, but they can be modified. And while I recognize that there are totally different qualities of plastic with different finishes, it’s nonetheless only plastic and solely a pedant would have the flexibility to discern my ones from a real pair.

Plus replica shoes, we provide a secure cost gateway for a clean and safe purchase. Under the leadership of Creative Director Mathieu Blazy, Bottega Veneta, the understatement, luxury and ingenuity famous brand has successfully… A a half of their Fall/Winter 2024 collection, the Miu Miu Adventure bag has quickly resonated with the style moment and is positioned to turn out to be one… COMPLEX participates in varied online marketing packages, which implies COMPLEX gets paid commissions on purchases made via our links to retailer sites. Our editorial content material is not influenced by any commissions we receive.

Online viewers can watch him bargain, settle a price dispute with a seller via coin toss and call out a faux pair of sneaks before he’s even opened the field. Collectors and sneaker specialists say there’s little incentive for Adidas to crack down on faux Yeezys. Their proliferation has little impact on sales, as respectable Yeezys promote out almost immediately regardless.

Large factories are extra advanced when it comes to expertise and refined handsets hence producing better duplicate watches. These sorts normally make watches for famous manufacturers so they are extra skillful within the artwork of making replicas which are top of the range. The enormous marketplace for imitation items is fueled by their exceptional high quality, affordability, and great profitability. About 90% of these imitation goods are produced in China, a major world reproduction product producer. It is unsurprising to seek out high-quality knockoffs of well-known brands like Louis Vuitton, Gucci, Chanel, and Rolex circulating out there as many luxurious manufacturers have manufacturing in China. To ensure you’ve all the data required to navigate the Chinese reproduction market successfully, I’ll also supply helpful advice on importing these goods in bulk.

Before purchasing, check buyer feedback for real pictures and detailed evaluations. Luxury objects tend to have a solid, well-balanced really feel due to high-quality supplies. Popular Chinese e-commerce platforms like Taobao typically have a wider number of replicas. To navigate these websites, you ought to use browser translation extensions or search assist from Chinese-speaking pals. Use translation instruments like Google Translate to convert your search terms into Chinese characters. For example, “高仿” (gāofǎng) means “high-quality replica” in Chinese.

The primary advantages of buying faux shoes embrace affordability, availability, type variety, and reduced risk. High-quality reps can come extremely close, particularly in phrases of stitching, form, weight, and material feel. Factories that focus on accuracy typically mimic the genuine materials nearly completely. That said, they might still cut corners on the inside of the shoe or use barely different glue or internal linings. SneakerDouble ships the best quality duplicate sneakers all over the world.

There are a quantity of methods by which you’ll identify pretend Adidas from the original. This could be helpful in understanding if you’re shopping for a real Adidas or not. The best Adidas shoes for strolling is the Adidas Alhpabounce. This has the additional cushioning on the underside that keeps your heel secure and guarded.

However, relying solely on on-line searches isn’t completely dependable. Many small to medium-sized factories in Putian might not even listing their contact information on-line, so it’s often necessary to get suggestions from locals. This is as a outcome of many factories here also produce counterfeit shoes and may not operate entirely legally. They often have their very own established distributors and may be cautious when dealing with exterior buyers. Top-grade footwear are made utilizing the same molds as real ones.

The font used should be small and clear for the tongue label. It’s worth noting that many Balenciaga sneakers are made in China. You can double-check the manufacturing nation on Balenciaga’s web site. The A, C, and G are sometimes tell-tale signs of sneakers being pretend.

In comparison to more expensive alternate options, cheaper ones are made from lower-quality supplies and have a distinct odor. Fakes will usually have a sharper, extra rubbery/plasticky odor. In most circumstances, it will all be on the sticker located within the box.

One customer steps up to the counter, beaming, considering he’s about to money in on one of the sought-after sneakers in resale. Almordaah’s demeanor shifts to quiet tones and sympathy as he breaks the bad news to the would-be vendor. Almordaah has to provide hope to some prospects whose sneakers are authentic however have been rejected for an additional cause — possibly they’re simply not scorching shoes or they’re a small size that isn’t popular.

Over here you’ll find the most effective duplicate products starting from mobile phones and electronics to trend equipment in a wholesale quantity. You’ll discover all the pretend bags you were in search of to finish your collection. You can purchase a number of of the pretend manufacturers on-line on Aliexpress, however plenty of it has been clamped down through the years. You need to be clever to buy from these sites especially when you’re looking for one thing explicit. This wholesale replica site does not list the precise brand names, but upon truly visiting the review part, you’ll discover that the products seem like the original.

Not that conditions within the Western world are much completely different. AllKicks was based to help all designer clothing lovers save money. ALLKICKS.internet is a high-quality Fake Shoes Website, Among them, the Replica designer brand is the most well-liked. AllKicks products use the same materials as the genuine ones, and the appearance and winning course of are constant. In a market flooded with convincing faux sneakers, having a dedicated service like LegitGrails may be the deciding issue within the authenticity of your purchase.

If you are on the lookout for terminologies for reproduction shoes, then knockoff shoes, faux sneakers, first copy shoes are used interchangeably. In this information, I’m sharing the best replica sneakers I’ve found, with trusted shops that deliver quality and style, so you presumably can step up your shoe game too. Best high quality assuranceWe have our personal PK GOD manufacturing unit and have cooperated with well-known factories such as OG LJR H12 for many years. Most sneakers use the identical materials and craftsmanship as the originals.

If you are a mother or father looking for cheaper shoes on your youngsters, look no other website than stockxkicks. They are not a scam, and solely the evaluations tell you that they are legit. Not everybody needs the absolute best quality discountshoesmart, and sometimes, the youngsters pressure you to purchase costly shoes. One final thing I’ve heard on Reddit is that their factory is in Putian, the place the very best quality footwear are manufactured and provided worldwide. He sneakers matches the one on the box, then it’s likely to be reliable. THe PUAMSS Store is a novel retailer with lots of formal footwear.

Revenue for pretend sneakers is estimate at $599 billion yearly. The stand outs are the multi-coloured footwear and the pink & black combo. Some of the best Air Jordan replicas are super reasonably priced. You can purchase many pieces of the same shoe and use completely different ones for different days of the week.

Reps, or replicas, are knockoff or imitation shoes manufactured to be as identical as potential to the name-brand designer shoe. Vans shoes aren’t that cheap, so that you don’t want to waste your money on something less than the actual article. You ought to intently examine every thing from the packaging to the brand to the shoe design. If attainable, examine the shoes to a pair that you realize are real.

Kevin’s entree into the world of replica shoes was through the user-generated web site Reddit, the place collectors share photographs of copycat shoes and contact data for sellers. They coach counterfeiters on the way to get minute details appropriate. With each batch of bootlegs, the replicas turn out to be more and more difficult to distinguish from their authentic counterparts. Knowing you’re buying duplicate sneakers is one factor, but getting duped? And so to avoid being on the receiving end of such a scenario, you can buy immediately from the source.

Before transport, every pair goes through a strict quality verify. We solely send out shoes that move our accuracy and sturdiness standards—so you get the most effective, each time. While the actual deal would possibly burn a gap in your pocket, rep footwear promise a similar experience with out the hefty price tag.

Reps Vs Real Sneakers: An In-depth Analysis Of Fake & Genuine Sneakers Very Best Quality Reps Shoes And Sneakers Website If you’re capable of get the bulk volume discount and you have a proper business set up and you get a reseller certificates applied, you get sales tax submitted. So you ought to buy this…

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