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<?php
/**
 * WordPress Plugin Administration API
 *
 * @package WordPress
 * @subpackage Administration
 */

/**
 * Parses the plugin contents to retrieve plugin's metadata.
 *
 * All plugin headers must be on their own line. Plugin description must not have
 * any newlines, otherwise only parts of the description will be displayed.
 * The below is formatted for printing.
 *
 *     /*
 *     Plugin Name: Name of the plugin.
 *     Plugin URI: The home page of the plugin.
 *     Description: Plugin description.
 *     Author: Plugin author's name.
 *     Author URI: Link to the author's website.
 *     Version: Plugin version.
 *     Text Domain: Optional. Unique identifier, should be same as the one used in
 *          load_plugin_textdomain().
 *     Domain Path: Optional. Only useful if the translations are located in a
 *          folder above the plugin's base path. For example, if .mo files are
 *          located in the locale folder then Domain Path will be "/locale/" and
 *          must have the first slash. Defaults to the base folder the plugin is
 *          located in.
 *     Network: Optional. Specify "Network: true" to require that a plugin is activated
 *          across all sites in an installation. This will prevent a plugin from being
 *          activated on a single site when Multisite is enabled.
 *     Requires at least: Optional. Specify the minimum required WordPress version.
 *     Requires PHP: Optional. Specify the minimum required PHP version.
 *     * / # Remove the space to close comment.
 *
 * The first 8 KB of the file will be pulled in and if the plugin data is not
 * within that first 8 KB, then the plugin author should correct their plugin
 * and move the plugin data headers to the top.
 *
 * The plugin file is assumed to have permissions to allow for scripts to read
 * the file. This is not checked however and the file is only opened for
 * reading.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 * @since 5.3.0 Added support for `Requires at least` and `Requires PHP` headers.
 * @since 5.8.0 Added support for `Update URI` header.
 *
 * @param string $plugin_file Absolute path to the main plugin file.
 * @param bool   $markup      Optional. If the returned data should have HTML markup applied.
 *                            Default true.
 * @param bool   $translate   Optional. If the returned data should be translated. Default true.
 * @return array {
 *     Plugin data. Values will be empty if not supplied by the plugin.
 *
 *     @type string $Name        Name of the plugin. Should be unique.
 *     @type string $PluginURI   Plugin URI.
 *     @type string $Version     Plugin version.
 *     @type string $Description Plugin description.
 *     @type string $Author      Plugin author's name.
 *     @type string $AuthorURI   Plugin author's website address (if set).
 *     @type string $TextDomain  Plugin textdomain.
 *     @type string $DomainPath  Plugin's relative directory path to .mo files.
 *     @type bool   $Network     Whether the plugin can only be activated network-wide.
 *     @type string $RequiresWP  Minimum required version of WordPress.
 *     @type string $RequiresPHP Minimum required version of PHP.
 *     @type string $UpdateURI   ID of the plugin for update purposes, should be a URI.
 *     @type string $Title       Title of the plugin and link to the plugin's site (if set).
 *     @type string $AuthorName  Plugin author's name.
 * }
 */
function get_plugin_data( $plugin_file, $markup = true, $translate = true ) {

	$default_headers = array(
		'Name'        => 'Plugin Name',
		'PluginURI'   => 'Plugin URI',
		'Version'     => 'Version',
		'Description' => 'Description',
		'Author'      => 'Author',
		'AuthorURI'   => 'Author URI',
		'TextDomain'  => 'Text Domain',
		'DomainPath'  => 'Domain Path',
		'Network'     => 'Network',
		'RequiresWP'  => 'Requires at least',
		'RequiresPHP' => 'Requires PHP',
		'UpdateURI'   => 'Update URI',
		// Site Wide Only is deprecated in favor of Network.
		'_sitewide'   => 'Site Wide Only',
	);

	$plugin_data = get_file_data( $plugin_file, $default_headers, 'plugin' );

	// Site Wide Only is the old header for Network.
	if ( ! $plugin_data['Network'] && $plugin_data['_sitewide'] ) {
		/* translators: 1: Site Wide Only: true, 2: Network: true */
		_deprecated_argument( __FUNCTION__, '3.0.0', sprintf( __( 'The %1$s plugin header is deprecated. Use %2$s instead.' ), '<code>Site Wide Only: true</code>', '<code>Network: true</code>' ) );
		$plugin_data['Network'] = $plugin_data['_sitewide'];
	}
	$plugin_data['Network'] = ( 'true' === strtolower( $plugin_data['Network'] ) );
	unset( $plugin_data['_sitewide'] );

	// If no text domain is defined fall back to the plugin slug.
	if ( ! $plugin_data['TextDomain'] ) {
		$plugin_slug = dirname( plugin_basename( $plugin_file ) );
		if ( '.' !== $plugin_slug && false === strpos( $plugin_slug, '/' ) ) {
			$plugin_data['TextDomain'] = $plugin_slug;
		}
	}

	if ( $markup || $translate ) {
		$plugin_data = _get_plugin_data_markup_translate( $plugin_file, $plugin_data, $markup, $translate );
	} else {
		$plugin_data['Title']      = $plugin_data['Name'];
		$plugin_data['AuthorName'] = $plugin_data['Author'];
	}

	return $plugin_data;
}

/**
 * Sanitizes plugin data, optionally adds markup, optionally translates.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 *
 * @see get_plugin_data()
 *
 * @access private
 *
 * @param string $plugin_file Path to the main plugin file.
 * @param array  $plugin_data An array of plugin data. See get_plugin_data().
 * @param bool   $markup      Optional. If the returned data should have HTML markup applied.
 *                            Default true.
 * @param bool   $translate   Optional. If the returned data should be translated. Default true.
 * @return array Plugin data. Values will be empty if not supplied by the plugin.
 *               See get_plugin_data() for the list of possible values.
 */
function _get_plugin_data_markup_translate( $plugin_file, $plugin_data, $markup = true, $translate = true ) {

	// Sanitize the plugin filename to a WP_PLUGIN_DIR relative path.
	$plugin_file = plugin_basename( $plugin_file );

	// Translate fields.
	if ( $translate ) {
		$textdomain = $plugin_data['TextDomain'];
		if ( $textdomain ) {
			if ( ! is_textdomain_loaded( $textdomain ) ) {
				if ( $plugin_data['DomainPath'] ) {
					load_plugin_textdomain( $textdomain, false, dirname( $plugin_file ) . $plugin_data['DomainPath'] );
				} else {
					load_plugin_textdomain( $textdomain, false, dirname( $plugin_file ) );
				}
			}
		} elseif ( 'hello.php' === basename( $plugin_file ) ) {
			$textdomain = 'default';
		}
		if ( $textdomain ) {
			foreach ( array( 'Name', 'PluginURI', 'Description', 'Author', 'AuthorURI', 'Version' ) as $field ) {
				if ( ! empty( $plugin_data[ $field ] ) ) {
					// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.LowLevelTranslationFunction,WordPress.WP.I18n.NonSingularStringLiteralText,WordPress.WP.I18n.NonSingularStringLiteralDomain
					$plugin_data[ $field ] = translate( $plugin_data[ $field ], $textdomain );
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// Sanitize fields.
	$allowed_tags_in_links = array(
		'abbr'    => array( 'title' => true ),
		'acronym' => array( 'title' => true ),
		'code'    => true,
		'em'      => true,
		'strong'  => true,
	);

	$allowed_tags      = $allowed_tags_in_links;
	$allowed_tags['a'] = array(
		'href'  => true,
		'title' => true,
	);

	// Name is marked up inside <a> tags. Don't allow these.
	// Author is too, but some plugins have used <a> here (omitting Author URI).
	$plugin_data['Name']   = wp_kses( $plugin_data['Name'], $allowed_tags_in_links );
	$plugin_data['Author'] = wp_kses( $plugin_data['Author'], $allowed_tags );

	$plugin_data['Description'] = wp_kses( $plugin_data['Description'], $allowed_tags );
	$plugin_data['Version']     = wp_kses( $plugin_data['Version'], $allowed_tags );

	$plugin_data['PluginURI'] = esc_url( $plugin_data['PluginURI'] );
	$plugin_data['AuthorURI'] = esc_url( $plugin_data['AuthorURI'] );

	$plugin_data['Title']      = $plugin_data['Name'];
	$plugin_data['AuthorName'] = $plugin_data['Author'];

	// Apply markup.
	if ( $markup ) {
		if ( $plugin_data['PluginURI'] && $plugin_data['Name'] ) {
			$plugin_data['Title'] = '<a href="' . $plugin_data['PluginURI'] . '">' . $plugin_data['Name'] . '</a>';
		}

		if ( $plugin_data['AuthorURI'] && $plugin_data['Author'] ) {
			$plugin_data['Author'] = '<a href="' . $plugin_data['AuthorURI'] . '">' . $plugin_data['Author'] . '</a>';
		}

		$plugin_data['Description'] = wptexturize( $plugin_data['Description'] );

		if ( $plugin_data['Author'] ) {
			$plugin_data['Description'] .= sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: Plugin author. */
				' <cite>' . __( 'By %s.' ) . '</cite>',
				$plugin_data['Author']
			);
		}
	}

	return $plugin_data;
}

/**
 * Gets a list of a plugin's files.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string $plugin Path to the plugin file relative to the plugins directory.
 * @return string[] Array of file names relative to the plugin root.
 */
function get_plugin_files( $plugin ) {
	$plugin_file = WP_PLUGIN_DIR . '/' . $plugin;
	$dir         = dirname( $plugin_file );

	$plugin_files = array( plugin_basename( $plugin_file ) );

	if ( is_dir( $dir ) && WP_PLUGIN_DIR !== $dir ) {

		/**
		 * Filters the array of excluded directories and files while scanning the folder.
		 *
		 * @since 4.9.0
		 *
		 * @param string[] $exclusions Array of excluded directories and files.
		 */
		$exclusions = (array) apply_filters( 'plugin_files_exclusions', array( 'CVS', 'node_modules', 'vendor', 'bower_components' ) );

		$list_files = list_files( $dir, 100, $exclusions );
		$list_files = array_map( 'plugin_basename', $list_files );

		$plugin_files = array_merge( $plugin_files, $list_files );
		$plugin_files = array_values( array_unique( $plugin_files ) );
	}

	return $plugin_files;
}

/**
 * Checks the plugins directory and retrieve all plugin files with plugin data.
 *
 * WordPress only supports plugin files in the base plugins directory
 * (wp-content/plugins) and in one directory above the plugins directory
 * (wp-content/plugins/my-plugin). The file it looks for has the plugin data
 * and must be found in those two locations. It is recommended to keep your
 * plugin files in their own directories.
 *
 * The file with the plugin data is the file that will be included and therefore
 * needs to have the main execution for the plugin. This does not mean
 * everything must be contained in the file and it is recommended that the file
 * be split for maintainability. Keep everything in one file for extreme
 * optimization purposes.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @param string $plugin_folder Optional. Relative path to single plugin folder.
 * @return array[] Array of arrays of plugin data, keyed by plugin file name. See get_plugin_data().
 */
function get_plugins( $plugin_folder = '' ) {

	$cache_plugins = wp_cache_get( 'plugins', 'plugins' );
	if ( ! $cache_plugins ) {
		$cache_plugins = array();
	}

	if ( isset( $cache_plugins[ $plugin_folder ] ) ) {
		return $cache_plugins[ $plugin_folder ];
	}

	$wp_plugins  = array();
	$plugin_root = WP_PLUGIN_DIR;
	if ( ! empty( $plugin_folder ) ) {
		$plugin_root .= $plugin_folder;
	}

	// Files in wp-content/plugins directory.
	$plugins_dir  = @opendir( $plugin_root );
	$plugin_files = array();

	if ( $plugins_dir ) {
		while ( ( $file = readdir( $plugins_dir ) ) !== false ) {
			if ( '.' === substr( $file, 0, 1 ) ) {
				continue;
			}

			if ( is_dir( $plugin_root . '/' . $file ) ) {
				$plugins_subdir = @opendir( $plugin_root . '/' . $file );

				if ( $plugins_subdir ) {
					while ( ( $subfile = readdir( $plugins_subdir ) ) !== false ) {
						if ( '.' === substr( $subfile, 0, 1 ) ) {
							continue;
						}

						if ( '.php' === substr( $subfile, -4 ) ) {
							$plugin_files[] = "$file/$subfile";
						}
					}

					closedir( $plugins_subdir );
				}
			} else {
				if ( '.php' === substr( $file, -4 ) ) {
					$plugin_files[] = $file;
				}
			}
		}

		closedir( $plugins_dir );
	}

	if ( empty( $plugin_files ) ) {
		return $wp_plugins;
	}

	foreach ( $plugin_files as $plugin_file ) {
		if ( ! is_readable( "$plugin_root/$plugin_file" ) ) {
			continue;
		}

		// Do not apply markup/translate as it will be cached.
		$plugin_data = get_plugin_data( "$plugin_root/$plugin_file", false, false );

		if ( empty( $plugin_data['Name'] ) ) {
			continue;
		}

		$wp_plugins[ plugin_basename( $plugin_file ) ] = $plugin_data;
	}

	uasort( $wp_plugins, '_sort_uname_callback' );

	$cache_plugins[ $plugin_folder ] = $wp_plugins;
	wp_cache_set( 'plugins', $cache_plugins, 'plugins' );

	return $wp_plugins;
}

/**
 * Checks the mu-plugins directory and retrieve all mu-plugin files with any plugin data.
 *
 * WordPress only includes mu-plugin files in the base mu-plugins directory (wp-content/mu-plugins).
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 * @return array[] Array of arrays of mu-plugin data, keyed by plugin file name. See get_plugin_data().
 */
function get_mu_plugins() {
	$wp_plugins   = array();
	$plugin_files = array();

	if ( ! is_dir( WPMU_PLUGIN_DIR ) ) {
		return $wp_plugins;
	}

	// Files in wp-content/mu-plugins directory.
	$plugins_dir = @opendir( WPMU_PLUGIN_DIR );
	if ( $plugins_dir ) {
		while ( ( $file = readdir( $plugins_dir ) ) !== false ) {
			if ( '.php' === substr( $file, -4 ) ) {
				$plugin_files[] = $file;
			}
		}
	} else {
		return $wp_plugins;
	}

	closedir( $plugins_dir );

	if ( empty( $plugin_files ) ) {
		return $wp_plugins;
	}

	foreach ( $plugin_files as $plugin_file ) {
		if ( ! is_readable( WPMU_PLUGIN_DIR . "/$plugin_file" ) ) {
			continue;
		}

		// Do not apply markup/translate as it will be cached.
		$plugin_data = get_plugin_data( WPMU_PLUGIN_DIR . "/$plugin_file", false, false );

		if ( empty( $plugin_data['Name'] ) ) {
			$plugin_data['Name'] = $plugin_file;
		}

		$wp_plugins[ $plugin_file ] = $plugin_data;
	}

	if ( isset( $wp_plugins['index.php'] ) && filesize( WPMU_PLUGIN_DIR . '/index.php' ) <= 30 ) {
		// Silence is golden.
		unset( $wp_plugins['index.php'] );
	}

	uasort( $wp_plugins, '_sort_uname_callback' );

	return $wp_plugins;
}

/**
 * Declares a callback to sort array by a 'Name' key.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 *
 * @access private
 *
 * @param array $a array with 'Name' key.
 * @param array $b array with 'Name' key.
 * @return int Return 0 or 1 based on two string comparison.
 */
function _sort_uname_callback( $a, $b ) {
	return strnatcasecmp( $a['Name'], $b['Name'] );
}

/**
 * Checks the wp-content directory and retrieve all drop-ins with any plugin data.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 * @return array[] Array of arrays of dropin plugin data, keyed by plugin file name. See get_plugin_data().
 */
function get_dropins() {
	$dropins      = array();
	$plugin_files = array();

	$_dropins = _get_dropins();

	// Files in wp-content directory.
	$plugins_dir = @opendir( WP_CONTENT_DIR );
	if ( $plugins_dir ) {
		while ( ( $file = readdir( $plugins_dir ) ) !== false ) {
			if ( isset( $_dropins[ $file ] ) ) {
				$plugin_files[] = $file;
			}
		}
	} else {
		return $dropins;
	}

	closedir( $plugins_dir );

	if ( empty( $plugin_files ) ) {
		return $dropins;
	}

	foreach ( $plugin_files as $plugin_file ) {
		if ( ! is_readable( WP_CONTENT_DIR . "/$plugin_file" ) ) {
			continue;
		}

		// Do not apply markup/translate as it will be cached.
		$plugin_data = get_plugin_data( WP_CONTENT_DIR . "/$plugin_file", false, false );

		if ( empty( $plugin_data['Name'] ) ) {
			$plugin_data['Name'] = $plugin_file;
		}

		$dropins[ $plugin_file ] = $plugin_data;
	}

	uksort( $dropins, 'strnatcasecmp' );

	return $dropins;
}

/**
 * Returns drop-ins that WordPress uses.
 *
 * Includes Multisite drop-ins only when is_multisite()
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 * @return array[] Key is file name. The value is an array, with the first value the
 *  purpose of the drop-in and the second value the name of the constant that must be
 *  true for the drop-in to be used, or true if no constant is required.
 */
function _get_dropins() {
	$dropins = array(
		'advanced-cache.php'      => array( __( 'Advanced caching plugin.' ), 'WP_CACHE' ),  // WP_CACHE
		'db.php'                  => array( __( 'Custom database class.' ), true ),          // Auto on load.
		'db-error.php'            => array( __( 'Custom database error message.' ), true ),  // Auto on error.
		'install.php'             => array( __( 'Custom installation script.' ), true ),     // Auto on installation.
		'maintenance.php'         => array( __( 'Custom maintenance message.' ), true ),     // Auto on maintenance.
		'object-cache.php'        => array( __( 'External object cache.' ), true ),          // Auto on load.
		'php-error.php'           => array( __( 'Custom PHP error message.' ), true ),       // Auto on error.
		'fatal-error-handler.php' => array( __( 'Custom PHP fatal error handler.' ), true ), // Auto on error.
	);

	if ( is_multisite() ) {
		$dropins['sunrise.php']        = array( __( 'Executed before Multisite is loaded.' ), 'SUNRISE' ); // SUNRISE
		$dropins['blog-deleted.php']   = array( __( 'Custom site deleted message.' ), true );   // Auto on deleted blog.
		$dropins['blog-inactive.php']  = array( __( 'Custom site inactive message.' ), true );  // Auto on inactive blog.
		$dropins['blog-suspended.php'] = array( __( 'Custom site suspended message.' ), true ); // Auto on archived or spammed blog.
	}

	return $dropins;
}

/**
 * Determines whether a plugin is active.
 *
 * Only plugins installed in the plugins/ folder can be active.
 *
 * Plugins in the mu-plugins/ folder can't be "activated," so this function will
 * return false for those plugins.
 *
 * For more information on this and similar theme functions, check out
 * the {@link https://developer.wordpress.org/themes/basics/conditional-tags/
 * Conditional Tags} article in the Theme Developer Handbook.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param string $plugin Path to the plugin file relative to the plugins directory.
 * @return bool True, if in the active plugins list. False, not in the list.
 */
function is_plugin_active( $plugin ) {
	return in_array( $plugin, (array) get_option( 'active_plugins', array() ), true ) || is_plugin_active_for_network( $plugin );
}

/**
 * Determines whether the plugin is inactive.
 *
 * Reverse of is_plugin_active(). Used as a callback.
 *
 * For more information on this and similar theme functions, check out
 * the {@link https://developer.wordpress.org/themes/basics/conditional-tags/
 * Conditional Tags} article in the Theme Developer Handbook.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 *
 * @see is_plugin_active()
 *
 * @param string $plugin Path to the plugin file relative to the plugins directory.
 * @return bool True if inactive. False if active.
 */
function is_plugin_inactive( $plugin ) {
	return ! is_plugin_active( $plugin );
}

/**
 * Determines whether the plugin is active for the entire network.
 *
 * Only plugins installed in the plugins/ folder can be active.
 *
 * Plugins in the mu-plugins/ folder can't be "activated," so this function will
 * return false for those plugins.
 *
 * For more information on this and similar theme functions, check out
 * the {@link https://developer.wordpress.org/themes/basics/conditional-tags/
 * Conditional Tags} article in the Theme Developer Handbook.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @param string $plugin Path to the plugin file relative to the plugins directory.
 * @return bool True if active for the network, otherwise false.
 */
function is_plugin_active_for_network( $plugin ) {
	if ( ! is_multisite() ) {
		return false;
	}

	$plugins = get_site_option( 'active_sitewide_plugins' );
	if ( isset( $plugins[ $plugin ] ) ) {
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

/**
 * Checks for "Network: true" in the plugin header to see if this should
 * be activated only as a network wide plugin. The plugin would also work
 * when Multisite is not enabled.
 *
 * Checks for "Site Wide Only: true" for backward compatibility.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @param string $plugin Path to the plugin file relative to the plugins directory.
 * @return bool True if plugin is network only, false otherwise.
 */
function is_network_only_plugin( $plugin ) {
	$plugin_data = get_plugin_data( WP_PLUGIN_DIR . '/' . $plugin );
	if ( $plugin_data ) {
		return $plugin_data['Network'];
	}
	return false;
}

/**
 * Attempts activation of plugin in a "sandbox" and redirects on success.
 *
 * A plugin that is already activated will not attempt to be activated again.
 *
 * The way it works is by setting the redirection to the error before trying to
 * include the plugin file. If the plugin fails, then the redirection will not
 * be overwritten with the success message. Also, the options will not be
 * updated and the activation hook will not be called on plugin error.
 *
 * It should be noted that in no way the below code will actually prevent errors
 * within the file. The code should not be used elsewhere to replicate the
 * "sandbox", which uses redirection to work.
 * {@source 13 1}
 *
 * If any errors are found or text is outputted, then it will be captured to
 * ensure that the success redirection will update the error redirection.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 * @since 5.2.0 Test for WordPress version and PHP version compatibility.
 *
 * @param string $plugin       Path to the plugin file relative to the plugins directory.
 * @param string $redirect     Optional. URL to redirect to.
 * @param bool   $network_wide Optional. Whether to enable the plugin for all sites in the network
 *                             or just the current site. Multisite only. Default false.
 * @param bool   $silent       Optional. Whether to prevent calling activation hooks. Default false.
 * @return null|WP_Error Null on success, WP_Error on invalid file.
 */
function activate_plugin( $plugin, $redirect = '', $network_wide = false, $silent = false ) {
	$plugin = plugin_basename( trim( $plugin ) );

	if ( is_multisite() && ( $network_wide || is_network_only_plugin( $plugin ) ) ) {
		$network_wide        = true;
		$current             = get_site_option( 'active_sitewide_plugins', array() );
		$_GET['networkwide'] = 1; // Back compat for plugins looking for this value.
	} else {
		$current = get_option( 'active_plugins', array() );
	}

	$valid = validate_plugin( $plugin );
	if ( is_wp_error( $valid ) ) {
		return $valid;
	}

	$requirements = validate_plugin_requirements( $plugin );
	if ( is_wp_error( $requirements ) ) {
		return $requirements;
	}

	if ( $network_wide && ! isset( $current[ $plugin ] )
		|| ! $network_wide && ! in_array( $plugin, $current, true )
	) {
		if ( ! empty( $redirect ) ) {
			// We'll override this later if the plugin can be included without fatal error.
			wp_redirect( add_query_arg( '_error_nonce', wp_create_nonce( 'plugin-activation-error_' . $plugin ), $redirect ) );
		}

		ob_start();

		// Load the plugin to test whether it throws any errors.
		plugin_sandbox_scrape( $plugin );

		if ( ! $silent ) {
			/**
			 * Fires before a plugin is activated.
			 *
			 * If a plugin is silently activated (such as during an update),
			 * this hook does not fire.
			 *
			 * @since 2.9.0
			 *
			 * @param string $plugin       Path to the plugin file relative to the plugins directory.
			 * @param bool   $network_wide Whether to enable the plugin for all sites in the network
			 *                             or just the current site. Multisite only. Default false.
			 */
			do_action( 'activate_plugin', $plugin, $network_wide );

			/**
			 * Fires as a specific plugin is being activated.
			 *
			 * This hook is the "activation" hook used internally by register_activation_hook().
			 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$plugin`, refers to the plugin basename.
			 *
			 * If a plugin is silently activated (such as during an update), this hook does not fire.
			 *
			 * @since 2.0.0
			 *
			 * @param bool $network_wide Whether to enable the plugin for all sites in the network
			 *                           or just the current site. Multisite only. Default false.
			 */
			do_action( "activate_{$plugin}", $network_wide );
		}

		if ( $network_wide ) {
			$current            = get_site_option( 'active_sitewide_plugins', array() );
			$current[ $plugin ] = time();
			update_site_option( 'active_sitewide_plugins', $current );
		} else {
			$current   = get_option( 'active_plugins', array() );
			$current[] = $plugin;
			sort( $current );
			update_option( 'active_plugins', $current );
		}

		if ( ! $silent ) {
			/**
			 * Fires after a plugin has been activated.
			 *
			 * If a plugin is silently activated (such as during an update),
			 * this hook does not fire.
			 *
			 * @since 2.9.0
			 *
			 * @param string $plugin       Path to the plugin file relative to the plugins directory.
			 * @param bool   $network_wide Whether to enable the plugin for all sites in the network
			 *                             or just the current site. Multisite only. Default false.
			 */
			do_action( 'activated_plugin', $plugin, $network_wide );
		}

		if ( ob_get_length() > 0 ) {
			$output = ob_get_clean();
			return new WP_Error( 'unexpected_output', __( 'The plugin generated unexpected output.' ), $output );
		}

		ob_end_clean();
	}

	return null;
}

/**
 * Deactivates a single plugin or multiple plugins.
 *
 * The deactivation hook is disabled by the plugin upgrader by using the $silent
 * parameter.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param string|string[] $plugins      Single plugin or list of plugins to deactivate.
 * @param bool            $silent       Prevent calling deactivation hooks. Default false.
 * @param bool|null       $network_wide Whether to deactivate the plugin for all sites in the network.
 *                                      A value of null will deactivate plugins for both the network
 *                                      and the current site. Multisite only. Default null.
 */
function deactivate_plugins( $plugins, $silent = false, $network_wide = null ) {
	if ( is_multisite() ) {
		$network_current = get_site_option( 'active_sitewide_plugins', array() );
	}
	$current    = get_option( 'active_plugins', array() );
	$do_blog    = false;
	$do_network = false;

	foreach ( (array) $plugins as $plugin ) {
		$plugin = plugin_basename( trim( $plugin ) );
		if ( ! is_plugin_active( $plugin ) ) {
			continue;
		}

		$network_deactivating = ( false !== $network_wide ) && is_plugin_active_for_network( $plugin );

		if ( ! $silent ) {
			/**
			 * Fires before a plugin is deactivated.
			 *
			 * If a plugin is silently deactivated (such as during an update),
			 * this hook does not fire.
			 *
			 * @since 2.9.0
			 *
			 * @param string $plugin               Path to the plugin file relative to the plugins directory.
			 * @param bool   $network_deactivating Whether the plugin is deactivated for all sites in the network
			 *                                     or just the current site. Multisite only. Default false.
			 */
			do_action( 'deactivate_plugin', $plugin, $network_deactivating );
		}

		if ( false !== $network_wide ) {
			if ( is_plugin_active_for_network( $plugin ) ) {
				$do_network = true;
				unset( $network_current[ $plugin ] );
			} elseif ( $network_wide ) {
				continue;
			}
		}

		if ( true !== $network_wide ) {
			$key = array_search( $plugin, $current, true );
			if ( false !== $key ) {
				$do_blog = true;
				unset( $current[ $key ] );
			}
		}

		if ( $do_blog && wp_is_recovery_mode() ) {
			list( $extension ) = explode( '/', $plugin );
			wp_paused_plugins()->delete( $extension );
		}

		if ( ! $silent ) {
			/**
			 * Fires as a specific plugin is being deactivated.
			 *
			 * This hook is the "deactivation" hook used internally by register_deactivation_hook().
			 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$plugin`, refers to the plugin basename.
			 *
			 * If a plugin is silently deactivated (such as during an update), this hook does not fire.
			 *
			 * @since 2.0.0
			 *
			 * @param bool $network_deactivating Whether the plugin is deactivated for all sites in the network
			 *                                   or just the current site. Multisite only. Default false.
			 */
			do_action( "deactivate_{$plugin}", $network_deactivating );

			/**
			 * Fires after a plugin is deactivated.
			 *
			 * If a plugin is silently deactivated (such as during an update),
			 * this hook does not fire.
			 *
			 * @since 2.9.0
			 *
			 * @param string $plugin               Path to the plugin file relative to the plugins directory.
			 * @param bool   $network_deactivating Whether the plugin is deactivated for all sites in the network
			 *                                     or just the current site. Multisite only. Default false.
			 */
			do_action( 'deactivated_plugin', $plugin, $network_deactivating );
		}
	}

	if ( $do_blog ) {
		update_option( 'active_plugins', $current );
	}
	if ( $do_network ) {
		update_site_option( 'active_sitewide_plugins', $network_current );
	}
}

/**
 * Activates multiple plugins.
 *
 * When WP_Error is returned, it does not mean that one of the plugins had
 * errors. It means that one or more of the plugin file paths were invalid.
 *
 * The execution will be halted as soon as one of the plugins has an error.
 *
 * @since 2.6.0
 *
 * @param string|string[] $plugins      Single plugin or list of plugins to activate.
 * @param string          $redirect     Redirect to page after successful activation.
 * @param bool            $network_wide Whether to enable the plugin for all sites in the network.
 *                                      Default false.
 * @param bool            $silent       Prevent calling activation hooks. Default false.
 * @return bool|WP_Error True when finished or WP_Error if there were errors during a plugin activation.
 */
function activate_plugins( $plugins, $redirect = '', $network_wide = false, $silent = false ) {
	if ( ! is_array( $plugins ) ) {
		$plugins = array( $plugins );
	}

	$errors = array();
	foreach ( $plugins as $plugin ) {
		if ( ! empty( $redirect ) ) {
			$redirect = add_query_arg( 'plugin', $plugin, $redirect );
		}
		$result = activate_plugin( $plugin, $redirect, $network_wide, $silent );
		if ( is_wp_error( $result ) ) {
			$errors[ $plugin ] = $result;
		}
	}

	if ( ! empty( $errors ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'plugins_invalid', __( 'One of the plugins is invalid.' ), $errors );
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Removes directory and files of a plugin for a list of plugins.
 *
 * @since 2.6.0
 *
 * @global WP_Filesystem_Base $wp_filesystem WordPress filesystem subclass.
 *
 * @param string[] $plugins    List of plugin paths to delete, relative to the plugins directory.
 * @param string   $deprecated Not used.
 * @return bool|null|WP_Error True on success, false if `$plugins` is empty, `WP_Error` on failure.
 *                            `null` if filesystem credentials are required to proceed.
 */
function delete_plugins( $plugins, $deprecated = '' ) {
	global $wp_filesystem;

	if ( empty( $plugins ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$checked = array();
	foreach ( $plugins as $plugin ) {
		$checked[] = 'checked[]=' . $plugin;
	}

	$url = wp_nonce_url( 'plugins.php?action=delete-selected&verify-delete=1&' . implode( '&', $checked ), 'bulk-plugins' );

	ob_start();
	$credentials = request_filesystem_credentials( $url );
	$data        = ob_get_clean();

	if ( false === $credentials ) {
		if ( ! empty( $data ) ) {
			require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/admin-header.php';
			echo $data;
			require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/admin-footer.php';
			exit;
		}
		return;
	}

	if ( ! WP_Filesystem( $credentials ) ) {
		ob_start();
		// Failed to connect. Error and request again.
		request_filesystem_credentials( $url, '', true );
		$data = ob_get_clean();

		if ( ! empty( $data ) ) {
			require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/admin-header.php';
			echo $data;
			require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/admin-footer.php';
			exit;
		}
		return;
	}

	if ( ! is_object( $wp_filesystem ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'fs_unavailable', __( 'Could not access filesystem.' ) );
	}

	if ( is_wp_error( $wp_filesystem->errors ) && $wp_filesystem->errors->has_errors() ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'fs_error', __( 'Filesystem error.' ), $wp_filesystem->errors );
	}

	// Get the base plugin folder.
	$plugins_dir = $wp_filesystem->wp_plugins_dir();
	if ( empty( $plugins_dir ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'fs_no_plugins_dir', __( 'Unable to locate WordPress plugin directory.' ) );
	}

	$plugins_dir = trailingslashit( $plugins_dir );

	$plugin_translations = wp_get_installed_translations( 'plugins' );

	$errors = array();

	foreach ( $plugins as $plugin_file ) {
		// Run Uninstall hook.
		if ( is_uninstallable_plugin( $plugin_file ) ) {
			uninstall_plugin( $plugin_file );
		}

		/**
		 * Fires immediately before a plugin deletion attempt.
		 *
		 * @since 4.4.0
		 *
		 * @param string $plugin_file Path to the plugin file relative to the plugins directory.
		 */
		do_action( 'delete_plugin', $plugin_file );

		$this_plugin_dir = trailingslashit( dirname( $plugins_dir . $plugin_file ) );

		// If plugin is in its own directory, recursively delete the directory.
		// Base check on if plugin includes directory separator AND that it's not the root plugin folder.
		if ( strpos( $plugin_file, '/' ) && $this_plugin_dir !== $plugins_dir ) {
			$deleted = $wp_filesystem->delete( $this_plugin_dir, true );
		} else {
			$deleted = $wp_filesystem->delete( $plugins_dir . $plugin_file );
		}

		/**
		 * Fires immediately after a plugin deletion attempt.
		 *
		 * @since 4.4.0
		 *
		 * @param string $plugin_file Path to the plugin file relative to the plugins directory.
		 * @param bool   $deleted     Whether the plugin deletion was successful.
		 */
		do_action( 'deleted_plugin', $plugin_file, $deleted );

		if ( ! $deleted ) {
			$errors[] = $plugin_file;
			continue;
		}

		$plugin_slug = dirname( $plugin_file );

		if ( 'hello.php' === $plugin_file ) {
			$plugin_slug = 'hello-dolly';
		}

		// Remove language files, silently.
		if ( '.' !== $plugin_slug && ! empty( $plugin_translations[ $plugin_slug ] ) ) {
			$translations = $plugin_translations[ $plugin_slug ];

			foreach ( $translations as $translation => $data ) {
				$wp_filesystem->delete( WP_LANG_DIR . '/plugins/' . $plugin_slug . '-' . $translation . '.po' );
				$wp_filesystem->delete( WP_LANG_DIR . '/plugins/' . $plugin_slug . '-' . $translation . '.mo' );

				$json_translation_files = glob( WP_LANG_DIR . '/plugins/' . $plugin_slug . '-' . $translation . '-*.json' );
				if ( $json_translation_files ) {
					array_map( array( $wp_filesystem, 'delete' ), $json_translation_files );
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// Remove deleted plugins from the plugin updates list.
	$current = get_site_transient( 'update_plugins' );
	if ( $current ) {
		// Don't remove the plugins that weren't deleted.
		$deleted = array_diff( $plugins, $errors );

		foreach ( $deleted as $plugin_file ) {
			unset( $current->response[ $plugin_file ] );
		}

		set_site_transient( 'update_plugins', $current );
	}

	if ( ! empty( $errors ) ) {
		if ( 1 === count( $errors ) ) {
			/* translators: %s: Plugin filename. */
			$message = __( 'Could not fully remove the plugin %s.' );
		} else {
			/* translators: %s: Comma-separated list of plugin filenames. */
			$message = __( 'Could not fully remove the plugins %s.' );
		}

		return new WP_Error( 'could_not_remove_plugin', sprintf( $message, implode( ', ', $errors ) ) );
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Validates active plugins.
 *
 * Validate all active plugins, deactivates invalid and
 * returns an array of deactivated ones.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 * @return WP_Error[] Array of plugin errors keyed by plugin file name.
 */
function validate_active_plugins() {
	$plugins = get_option( 'active_plugins', array() );
	// Validate vartype: array.
	if ( ! is_array( $plugins ) ) {
		update_option( 'active_plugins', array() );
		$plugins = array();
	}

	if ( is_multisite() && current_user_can( 'manage_network_plugins' ) ) {
		$network_plugins = (array) get_site_option( 'active_sitewide_plugins', array() );
		$plugins         = array_merge( $plugins, array_keys( $network_plugins ) );
	}

	if ( empty( $plugins ) ) {
		return array();
	}

	$invalid = array();

	// Invalid plugins get deactivated.
	foreach ( $plugins as $plugin ) {
		$result = validate_plugin( $plugin );
		if ( is_wp_error( $result ) ) {
			$invalid[ $plugin ] = $result;
			deactivate_plugins( $plugin, true );
		}
	}
	return $invalid;
}

/**
 * Validates the plugin path.
 *
 * Checks that the main plugin file exists and is a valid plugin. See validate_file().
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param string $plugin Path to the plugin file relative to the plugins directory.
 * @return int|WP_Error 0 on success, WP_Error on failure.
 */
function validate_plugin( $plugin ) {
	if ( validate_file( $plugin ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'plugin_invalid', __( 'Invalid plugin path.' ) );
	}
	if ( ! file_exists( WP_PLUGIN_DIR . '/' . $plugin ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'plugin_not_found', __( 'Plugin file does not exist.' ) );
	}

	$installed_plugins = get_plugins();
	if ( ! isset( $installed_plugins[ $plugin ] ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'no_plugin_header', __( 'The plugin does not have a valid header.' ) );
	}
	return 0;
}

/**
 * Validates the plugin requirements for WordPress version and PHP version.
 *
 * Uses the information from `Requires at least` and `Requires PHP` headers
 * defined in the plugin's main PHP file.
 *
 * @since 5.2.0
 * @since 5.3.0 Added support for reading the headers from the plugin's
 *              main PHP file, with `readme.txt` as a fallback.
 * @since 5.8.0 Removed support for using `readme.txt` as a fallback.
 *
 * @param string $plugin Path to the plugin file relative to the plugins directory.
 * @return true|WP_Error True if requirements are met, WP_Error on failure.
 */
function validate_plugin_requirements( $plugin ) {
	$plugin_headers = get_plugin_data( WP_PLUGIN_DIR . '/' . $plugin );

	$requirements = array(
		'requires'     => ! empty( $plugin_headers['RequiresWP'] ) ? $plugin_headers['RequiresWP'] : '',
		'requires_php' => ! empty( $plugin_headers['RequiresPHP'] ) ? $plugin_headers['RequiresPHP'] : '',
	);

	$compatible_wp  = is_wp_version_compatible( $requirements['requires'] );
	$compatible_php = is_php_version_compatible( $requirements['requires_php'] );

	$php_update_message = '</p><p>' . sprintf(
		/* translators: %s: URL to Update PHP page. */
		__( '<a href="%s">Learn more about updating PHP</a>.' ),
		esc_url( wp_get_update_php_url() )
	);

	$annotation = wp_get_update_php_annotation();

	if ( $annotation ) {
		$php_update_message .= '</p><p><em>' . $annotation . '</em>';
	}

	if ( ! $compatible_wp && ! $compatible_php ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			'plugin_wp_php_incompatible',
			'<p>' . sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: Current WordPress version, 2: Current PHP version, 3: Plugin name, 4: Required WordPress version, 5: Required PHP version. */
				_x( '<strong>Error:</strong> Current versions of WordPress (%1$s) and PHP (%2$s) do not meet minimum requirements for %3$s. The plugin requires WordPress %4$s and PHP %5$s.', 'plugin' ),
				get_bloginfo( 'version' ),
				PHP_VERSION,
				$plugin_headers['Name'],
				$requirements['requires'],
				$requirements['requires_php']
			) . $php_update_message . '</p>'
		);
	} elseif ( ! $compatible_php ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			'plugin_php_incompatible',
			'<p>' . sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: Current PHP version, 2: Plugin name, 3: Required PHP version. */
				_x( '<strong>Error:</strong> Current PHP version (%1$s) does not meet minimum requirements for %2$s. The plugin requires PHP %3$s.', 'plugin' ),
				PHP_VERSION,
				$plugin_headers['Name'],
				$requirements['requires_php']
			) . $php_update_message . '</p>'
		);
	} elseif ( ! $compatible_wp ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			'plugin_wp_incompatible',
			'<p>' . sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: Current WordPress version, 2: Plugin name, 3: Required WordPress version. */
				_x( '<strong>Error:</strong> Current WordPress version (%1$s) does not meet minimum requirements for %2$s. The plugin requires WordPress %3$s.', 'plugin' ),
				get_bloginfo( 'version' ),
				$plugin_headers['Name'],
				$requirements['requires']
			) . '</p>'
		);
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Determines whether the plugin can be uninstalled.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 *
 * @param string $plugin Path to the plugin file relative to the plugins directory.
 * @return bool Whether plugin can be uninstalled.
 */
function is_uninstallable_plugin( $plugin ) {
	$file = plugin_basename( $plugin );

	$uninstallable_plugins = (array) get_option( 'uninstall_plugins' );
	if ( isset( $uninstallable_plugins[ $file ] ) || file_exists( WP_PLUGIN_DIR . '/' . dirname( $file ) . '/uninstall.php' ) ) {
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

/**
 * Uninstalls a single plugin.
 *
 * Calls the uninstall hook, if it is available.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 *
 * @param string $plugin Path to the plugin file relative to the plugins directory.
 * @return true|void True if a plugin's uninstall.php file has been found and included.
 *                   Void otherwise.
 */
function uninstall_plugin( $plugin ) {
	$file = plugin_basename( $plugin );

	$uninstallable_plugins = (array) get_option( 'uninstall_plugins' );

	/**
	 * Fires in uninstall_plugin() immediately before the plugin is uninstalled.
	 *
	 * @since 4.5.0
	 *
	 * @param string $plugin                Path to the plugin file relative to the plugins directory.
	 * @param array  $uninstallable_plugins Uninstallable plugins.
	 */
	do_action( 'pre_uninstall_plugin', $plugin, $uninstallable_plugins );

	if ( file_exists( WP_PLUGIN_DIR . '/' . dirname( $file ) . '/uninstall.php' ) ) {
		if ( isset( $uninstallable_plugins[ $file ] ) ) {
			unset( $uninstallable_plugins[ $file ] );
			update_option( 'uninstall_plugins', $uninstallable_plugins );
		}
		unset( $uninstallable_plugins );

		define( 'WP_UNINSTALL_PLUGIN', $file );

		wp_register_plugin_realpath( WP_PLUGIN_DIR . '/' . $file );
		include_once WP_PLUGIN_DIR . '/' . dirname( $file ) . '/uninstall.php';

		return true;
	}

	if ( isset( $uninstallable_plugins[ $file ] ) ) {
		$callable = $uninstallable_plugins[ $file ];
		unset( $uninstallable_plugins[ $file ] );
		update_option( 'uninstall_plugins', $uninstallable_plugins );
		unset( $uninstallable_plugins );

		wp_register_plugin_realpath( WP_PLUGIN_DIR . '/' . $file );
		include_once WP_PLUGIN_DIR . '/' . $file;

		add_action( "uninstall_{$file}", $callable );

		/**
		 * Fires in uninstall_plugin() once the plugin has been uninstalled.
		 *
		 * The action concatenates the 'uninstall_' prefix with the basename of the
		 * plugin passed to uninstall_plugin() to create a dynamically-named action.
		 *
		 * @since 2.7.0
		 */
		do_action( "uninstall_{$file}" );
	}
}

//
// Menu.
//

/**
 * Adds a top-level menu page.
 *
 * This function takes a capability which will be used to determine whether
 * or not a page is included in the menu.
 *
 * The function which is hooked in to handle the output of the page must check
 * that the user has the required capability as well.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @global array $menu
 * @global array $admin_page_hooks
 * @global array $_registered_pages
 * @global array $_parent_pages
 *
 * @param string    $page_title The text to be displayed in the title tags of the page when the menu is selected.
 * @param string    $menu_title The text to be used for the menu.
 * @param string    $capability The capability required for this menu to be displayed to the user.
 * @param string    $menu_slug  The slug name to refer to this menu by. Should be unique for this menu page and only
 *                              include lowercase alphanumeric, dashes, and underscores characters to be compatible
 *                              with sanitize_key().
 * @param callable  $callback   Optional. The function to be called to output the content for this page.
 * @param string    $icon_url   Optional. The URL to the icon to be used for this menu.
 *                              * Pass a base64-encoded SVG using a data URI, which will be colored to match
 *                                the color scheme. This should begin with 'data:image/svg+xml;base64,'.
 *                              * Pass the name of a Dashicons helper class to use a font icon,
 *                                e.g. 'dashicons-chart-pie'.
 *                              * Pass 'none' to leave div.wp-menu-image empty so an icon can be added via CSS.
 * @param int|float $position   Optional. The position in the menu order this item should appear.
 * @return string The resulting page's hook_suffix.
 */
function add_menu_page( $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback = '', $icon_url = '', $position = null ) {
	global $menu, $admin_page_hooks, $_registered_pages, $_parent_pages;

	$menu_slug = plugin_basename( $menu_slug );

	$admin_page_hooks[ $menu_slug ] = sanitize_title( $menu_title );

	$hookname = get_plugin_page_hookname( $menu_slug, '' );

	if ( ! empty( $callback ) && ! empty( $hookname ) && current_user_can( $capability ) ) {
		add_action( $hookname, $callback );
	}

	if ( empty( $icon_url ) ) {
		$icon_url   = 'dashicons-admin-generic';
		$icon_class = 'menu-icon-generic ';
	} else {
		$icon_url   = set_url_scheme( $icon_url );
		$icon_class = '';
	}

	$new_menu = array( $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $page_title, 'menu-top ' . $icon_class . $hookname, $hookname, $icon_url );

	if ( null !== $position && ! is_numeric( $position ) ) {
		_doing_it_wrong(
			__FUNCTION__,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: add_menu_page() */
				__( 'The seventh parameter passed to %s should be numeric representing menu position.' ),
				'<code>add_menu_page()</code>'
			),
			'6.0.0'
		);
		$position = null;
	}

	if ( null === $position || ! is_numeric( $position ) ) {
		$menu[] = $new_menu;
	} elseif ( isset( $menu[ (string) $position ] ) ) {
		$collision_avoider = base_convert( substr( md5( $menu_slug . $menu_title ), -4 ), 16, 10 ) * 0.00001;
		$position          = (string) ( $position + $collision_avoider );
		$menu[ $position ] = $new_menu;
	} else {
		/*
		 * Cast menu position to a string.
		 *
		 * This allows for floats to be passed as the position. PHP will normally cast a float to an
		 * integer value, this ensures the float retains its mantissa (positive fractional part).
		 *
		 * A string containing an integer value, eg "10", is treated as a numeric index.
		 */
		$position          = (string) $position;
		$menu[ $position ] = $new_menu;
	}

	$_registered_pages[ $hookname ] = true;

	// No parent as top level.
	$_parent_pages[ $menu_slug ] = false;

	return $hookname;
}

/**
 * Adds a submenu page.
 *
 * This function takes a capability which will be used to determine whether
 * or not a page is included in the menu.
 *
 * The function which is hooked in to handle the output of the page must check
 * that the user has the required capability as well.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 * @since 5.3.0 Added the `$position` parameter.
 *
 * @global array $submenu
 * @global array $menu
 * @global array $_wp_real_parent_file
 * @global bool  $_wp_submenu_nopriv
 * @global array $_registered_pages
 * @global array $_parent_pages
 *
 * @param string    $parent_slug The slug name for the parent menu (or the file name of a standard
 *                               WordPress admin page).
 * @param string    $page_title  The text to be displayed in the title tags of the page when the menu
 *                               is selected.
 * @param string    $menu_title  The text to be used for the menu.
 * @param string    $capability  The capability required for this menu to be displayed to the user.
 * @param string    $menu_slug   The slug name to refer to this menu by. Should be unique for this menu
 *                               and only include lowercase alphanumeric, dashes, and underscores characters
 *                               to be compatible with sanitize_key().
 * @param callable  $callback    Optional. The function to be called to output the content for this page.
 * @param int|float $position    Optional. The position in the menu order this item should appear.
 * @return string|false The resulting page's hook_suffix, or false if the user does not have the capability required.
 */
function add_submenu_page( $parent_slug, $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback = '', $position = null ) {
	global $submenu, $menu, $_wp_real_parent_file, $_wp_submenu_nopriv,
		$_registered_pages, $_parent_pages;

	$menu_slug   = plugin_basename( $menu_slug );
	$parent_slug = plugin_basename( $parent_slug );

	if ( isset( $_wp_real_parent_file[ $parent_slug ] ) ) {
		$parent_slug = $_wp_real_parent_file[ $parent_slug ];
	}

	if ( ! current_user_can( $capability ) ) {
		$_wp_submenu_nopriv[ $parent_slug ][ $menu_slug ] = true;
		return false;
	}

	/*
	 * If the parent doesn't already have a submenu, add a link to the parent
	 * as the first item in the submenu. If the submenu file is the same as the
	 * parent file someone is trying to link back to the parent manually. In
	 * this case, don't automatically add a link back to avoid duplication.
	 */
	if ( ! isset( $submenu[ $parent_slug ] ) && $menu_slug !== $parent_slug ) {
		foreach ( (array) $menu as $parent_menu ) {
			if ( $parent_menu[2] === $parent_slug && current_user_can( $parent_menu[1] ) ) {
				$submenu[ $parent_slug ][] = array_slice( $parent_menu, 0, 4 );
			}
		}
	}

	$new_sub_menu = array( $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $page_title );

	if ( null !== $position && ! is_numeric( $position ) ) {
		_doing_it_wrong(
			__FUNCTION__,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: add_submenu_page() */
				__( 'The seventh parameter passed to %s should be numeric representing menu position.' ),
				'<code>add_submenu_page()</code>'
			),
			'5.3.0'
		);
		$position = null;
	}

	if (
		null === $position ||
		( ! isset( $submenu[ $parent_slug ] ) || $position >= count( $submenu[ $parent_slug ] ) )
	) {
		$submenu[ $parent_slug ][] = $new_sub_menu;
	} else {
		// Test for a negative position.
		$position = max( $position, 0 );
		if ( 0 === $position ) {
			// For negative or `0` positions, prepend the submenu.
			array_unshift( $submenu[ $parent_slug ], $new_sub_menu );
		} else {
			$position = absint( $position );
			// Grab all of the items before the insertion point.
			$before_items = array_slice( $submenu[ $parent_slug ], 0, $position, true );
			// Grab all of the items after the insertion point.
			$after_items = array_slice( $submenu[ $parent_slug ], $position, null, true );
			// Add the new item.
			$before_items[] = $new_sub_menu;
			// Merge the items.
			$submenu[ $parent_slug ] = array_merge( $before_items, $after_items );
		}
	}

	// Sort the parent array.
	ksort( $submenu[ $parent_slug ] );

	$hookname = get_plugin_page_hookname( $menu_slug, $parent_slug );
	if ( ! empty( $callback ) && ! empty( $hookname ) ) {
		add_action( $hookname, $callback );
	}

	$_registered_pages[ $hookname ] = true;

	/*
	 * Backward-compatibility for plugins using add_management_page().
	 * See wp-admin/admin.php for redirect from edit.php to tools.php.
	 */
	if ( 'tools.php' === $parent_slug ) {
		$_registered_pages[ get_plugin_page_hookname( $menu_slug, 'edit.php' ) ] = true;
	}

	// No parent as top level.
	$_parent_pages[ $menu_slug ] = $parent_slug;

	return $hookname;
}

/**
 * Adds a submenu page to the Tools main menu.
 *
 * This function takes a capability which will be used to determine whether
 * or not a page is included in the menu.
 *
 * The function which is hooked in to handle the output of the page must check
 * that the user has the required capability as well.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 * @since 5.3.0 Added the `$position` parameter.
 *
 * @param string   $page_title The text to be displayed in the title tags of the page when the menu is selected.
 * @param string   $menu_title The text to be used for the menu.
 * @param string   $capability The capability required for this menu to be displayed to the user.
 * @param string   $menu_slug  The slug name to refer to this menu by (should be unique for this menu).
 * @param callable $callback   Optional. The function to be called to output the content for this page.
 * @param int      $position   Optional. The position in the menu order this item should appear.
 * @return string|false The resulting page's hook_suffix, or false if the user does not have the capability required.
 */
function add_management_page( $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback = '', $position = null ) {
	return add_submenu_page( 'tools.php', $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback, $position );
}

/**
 * Adds a submenu page to the Settings main menu.
 *
 * This function takes a capability which will be used to determine whether
 * or not a page is included in the menu.
 *
 * The function which is hooked in to handle the output of the page must check
 * that the user has the required capability as well.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 * @since 5.3.0 Added the `$position` parameter.
 *
 * @param string   $page_title The text to be displayed in the title tags of the page when the menu is selected.
 * @param string   $menu_title The text to be used for the menu.
 * @param string   $capability The capability required for this menu to be displayed to the user.
 * @param string   $menu_slug  The slug name to refer to this menu by (should be unique for this menu).
 * @param callable $callback   Optional. The function to be called to output the content for this page.
 * @param int      $position   Optional. The position in the menu order this item should appear.
 * @return string|false The resulting page's hook_suffix, or false if the user does not have the capability required.
 */
function add_options_page( $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback = '', $position = null ) {
	return add_submenu_page( 'options-general.php', $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback, $position );
}

/**
 * Adds a submenu page to the Appearance main menu.
 *
 * This function takes a capability which will be used to determine whether
 * or not a page is included in the menu.
 *
 * The function which is hooked in to handle the output of the page must check
 * that the user has the required capability as well.
 *
 * @since 2.0.0
 * @since 5.3.0 Added the `$position` parameter.
 *
 * @param string   $page_title The text to be displayed in the title tags of the page when the menu is selected.
 * @param string   $menu_title The text to be used for the menu.
 * @param string   $capability The capability required for this menu to be displayed to the user.
 * @param string   $menu_slug  The slug name to refer to this menu by (should be unique for this menu).
 * @param callable $callback   Optional. The function to be called to output the content for this page.
 * @param int      $position   Optional. The position in the menu order this item should appear.
 * @return string|false The resulting page's hook_suffix, or false if the user does not have the capability required.
 */
function add_theme_page( $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback = '', $position = null ) {
	return add_submenu_page( 'themes.php', $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback, $position );
}

/**
 * Adds a submenu page to the Plugins main menu.
 *
 * This function takes a capability which will be used to determine whether
 * or not a page is included in the menu.
 *
 * The function which is hooked in to handle the output of the page must check
 * that the user has the required capability as well.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 * @since 5.3.0 Added the `$position` parameter.
 *
 * @param string   $page_title The text to be displayed in the title tags of the page when the menu is selected.
 * @param string   $menu_title The text to be used for the menu.
 * @param string   $capability The capability required for this menu to be displayed to the user.
 * @param string   $menu_slug  The slug name to refer to this menu by (should be unique for this menu).
 * @param callable $callback   Optional. The function to be called to output the content for this page.
 * @param int      $position   Optional. The position in the menu order this item should appear.
 * @return string|false The resulting page's hook_suffix, or false if the user does not have the capability required.
 */
function add_plugins_page( $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback = '', $position = null ) {
	return add_submenu_page( 'plugins.php', $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback, $position );
}

/**
 * Adds a submenu page to the Users/Profile main menu.
 *
 * This function takes a capability which will be used to determine whether
 * or not a page is included in the menu.
 *
 * The function which is hooked in to handle the output of the page must check
 * that the user has the required capability as well.
 *
 * @since 2.1.3
 * @since 5.3.0 Added the `$position` parameter.
 *
 * @param string   $page_title The text to be displayed in the title tags of the page when the menu is selected.
 * @param string   $menu_title The text to be used for the menu.
 * @param string   $capability The capability required for this menu to be displayed to the user.
 * @param string   $menu_slug  The slug name to refer to this menu by (should be unique for this menu).
 * @param callable $callback   Optional. The function to be called to output the content for this page.
 * @param int      $position   Optional. The position in the menu order this item should appear.
 * @return string|false The resulting page's hook_suffix, or false if the user does not have the capability required.
 */
function add_users_page( $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback = '', $position = null ) {
	if ( current_user_can( 'edit_users' ) ) {
		$parent = 'users.php';
	} else {
		$parent = 'profile.php';
	}
	return add_submenu_page( $parent, $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback, $position );
}

/**
 * Adds a submenu page to the Dashboard main menu.
 *
 * This function takes a capability which will be used to determine whether
 * or not a page is included in the menu.
 *
 * The function which is hooked in to handle the output of the page must check
 * that the user has the required capability as well.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 * @since 5.3.0 Added the `$position` parameter.
 *
 * @param string   $page_title The text to be displayed in the title tags of the page when the menu is selected.
 * @param string   $menu_title The text to be used for the menu.
 * @param string   $capability The capability required for this menu to be displayed to the user.
 * @param string   $menu_slug  The slug name to refer to this menu by (should be unique for this menu).
 * @param callable $callback   Optional. The function to be called to output the content for this page.
 * @param int      $position   Optional. The position in the menu order this item should appear.
 * @return string|false The resulting page's hook_suffix, or false if the user does not have the capability required.
 */
function add_dashboard_page( $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback = '', $position = null ) {
	return add_submenu_page( 'index.php', $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback, $position );
}

/**
 * Adds a submenu page to the Posts main menu.
 *
 * This function takes a capability which will be used to determine whether
 * or not a page is included in the menu.
 *
 * The function which is hooked in to handle the output of the page must check
 * that the user has the required capability as well.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 * @since 5.3.0 Added the `$position` parameter.
 *
 * @param string   $page_title The text to be displayed in the title tags of the page when the menu is selected.
 * @param string   $menu_title The text to be used for the menu.
 * @param string   $capability The capability required for this menu to be displayed to the user.
 * @param string   $menu_slug  The slug name to refer to this menu by (should be unique for this menu).
 * @param callable $callback   Optional. The function to be called to output the content for this page.
 * @param int      $position   Optional. The position in the menu order this item should appear.
 * @return string|false The resulting page's hook_suffix, or false if the user does not have the capability required.
 */
function add_posts_page( $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback = '', $position = null ) {
	return add_submenu_page( 'edit.php', $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback, $position );
}

/**
 * Adds a submenu page to the Media main menu.
 *
 * This function takes a capability which will be used to determine whether
 * or not a page is included in the menu.
 *
 * The function which is hooked in to handle the output of the page must check
 * that the user has the required capability as well.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 * @since 5.3.0 Added the `$position` parameter.
 *
 * @param string   $page_title The text to be displayed in the title tags of the page when the menu is selected.
 * @param string   $menu_title The text to be used for the menu.
 * @param string   $capability The capability required for this menu to be displayed to the user.
 * @param string   $menu_slug  The slug name to refer to this menu by (should be unique for this menu).
 * @param callable $callback   Optional. The function to be called to output the content for this page.
 * @param int      $position   Optional. The position in the menu order this item should appear.
 * @return string|false The resulting page's hook_suffix, or false if the user does not have the capability required.
 */
function add_media_page( $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback = '', $position = null ) {
	return add_submenu_page( 'upload.php', $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback, $position );
}

/**
 * Adds a submenu page to the Links main menu.
 *
 * This function takes a capability which will be used to determine whether
 * or not a page is included in the menu.
 *
 * The function which is hooked in to handle the output of the page must check
 * that the user has the required capability as well.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 * @since 5.3.0 Added the `$position` parameter.
 *
 * @param string   $page_title The text to be displayed in the title tags of the page when the menu is selected.
 * @param string   $menu_title The text to be used for the menu.
 * @param string   $capability The capability required for this menu to be displayed to the user.
 * @param string   $menu_slug  The slug name to refer to this menu by (should be unique for this menu).
 * @param callable $callback   Optional. The function to be called to output the content for this page.
 * @param int      $position   Optional. The position in the menu order this item should appear.
 * @return string|false The resulting page's hook_suffix, or false if the user does not have the capability required.
 */
function add_links_page( $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback = '', $position = null ) {
	return add_submenu_page( 'link-manager.php', $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback, $position );
}

/**
 * Adds a submenu page to the Pages main menu.
 *
 * This function takes a capability which will be used to determine whether
 * or not a page is included in the menu.
 *
 * The function which is hooked in to handle the output of the page must check
 * that the user has the required capability as well.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 * @since 5.3.0 Added the `$position` parameter.
 *
 * @param string   $page_title The text to be displayed in the title tags of the page when the menu is selected.
 * @param string   $menu_title The text to be used for the menu.
 * @param string   $capability The capability required for this menu to be displayed to the user.
 * @param string   $menu_slug  The slug name to refer to this menu by (should be unique for this menu).
 * @param callable $callback   Optional. The function to be called to output the content for this page.
 * @param int      $position   Optional. The position in the menu order this item should appear.
 * @return string|false The resulting page's hook_suffix, or false if the user does not have the capability required.
 */
function add_pages_page( $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback = '', $position = null ) {
	return add_submenu_page( 'edit.php?post_type=page', $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback, $position );
}

/**
 * Adds a submenu page to the Comments main menu.
 *
 * This function takes a capability which will be used to determine whether
 * or not a page is included in the menu.
 *
 * The function which is hooked in to handle the output of the page must check
 * that the user has the required capability as well.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 * @since 5.3.0 Added the `$position` parameter.
 *
 * @param string   $page_title The text to be displayed in the title tags of the page when the menu is selected.
 * @param string   $menu_title The text to be used for the menu.
 * @param string   $capability The capability required for this menu to be displayed to the user.
 * @param string   $menu_slug  The slug name to refer to this menu by (should be unique for this menu).
 * @param callable $callback   Optional. The function to be called to output the content for this page.
 * @param int      $position   Optional. The position in the menu order this item should appear.
 * @return string|false The resulting page's hook_suffix, or false if the user does not have the capability required.
 */
function add_comments_page( $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback = '', $position = null ) {
	return add_submenu_page( 'edit-comments.php', $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $callback, $position );
}

/**
 * Removes a top-level admin menu.
 *
 * Example usage:
 *
 *  - `remove_menu_page( 'tools.php' )`
 *  - `remove_menu_page( 'plugin_menu_slug' )`
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 *
 * @global array $menu
 *
 * @param string $menu_slug The slug of the menu.
 * @return array|false The removed menu on success, false if not found.
 */
function remove_menu_page( $menu_slug ) {
	global $menu;

	foreach ( $menu as $i => $item ) {
		if ( $menu_slug === $item[2] ) {
			unset( $menu[ $i ] );
			return $item;
		}
	}

	return false;
}

/**
 * Removes an admin submenu.
 *
 * Example usage:
 *
 *  - `remove_submenu_page( 'themes.php', 'nav-menus.php' )`
 *  - `remove_submenu_page( 'tools.php', 'plugin_submenu_slug' )`
 *  - `remove_submenu_page( 'plugin_menu_slug', 'plugin_submenu_slug' )`
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 *
 * @global array $submenu
 *
 * @param string $menu_slug    The slug for the parent menu.
 * @param string $submenu_slug The slug of the submenu.
 * @return array|false The removed submenu on success, false if not found.
 */
function remove_submenu_page( $menu_slug, $submenu_slug ) {
	global $submenu;

	if ( ! isset( $submenu[ $menu_slug ] ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	foreach ( $submenu[ $menu_slug ] as $i => $item ) {
		if ( $submenu_slug === $item[2] ) {
			unset( $submenu[ $menu_slug ][ $i ] );
			return $item;
		}
	}

	return false;
}

/**
 * Gets the URL to access a particular menu page based on the slug it was registered with.
 *
 * If the slug hasn't been registered properly, no URL will be returned.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @global array $_parent_pages
 *
 * @param string $menu_slug The slug name to refer to this menu by (should be unique for this menu).
 * @param bool   $display   Optional. Whether or not to display the URL. Default true.
 * @return string The menu page URL.
 */
function menu_page_url( $menu_slug, $display = true ) {
	global $_parent_pages;

	if ( isset( $_parent_pages[ $menu_slug ] ) ) {
		$parent_slug = $_parent_pages[ $menu_slug ];

		if ( $parent_slug && ! isset( $_parent_pages[ $parent_slug ] ) ) {
			$url = admin_url( add_query_arg( 'page', $menu_slug, $parent_slug ) );
		} else {
			$url = admin_url( 'admin.php?page=' . $menu_slug );
		}
	} else {
		$url = '';
	}

	$url = esc_url( $url );

	if ( $display ) {
		echo $url;
	}

	return $url;
}

//
// Pluggable Menu Support -- Private.
//
/**
 * Gets the parent file of the current admin page.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @global string $parent_file
 * @global array  $menu
 * @global array  $submenu
 * @global string $pagenow              The filename of the current screen.
 * @global string $typenow              The post type of the current screen.
 * @global string $plugin_page
 * @global array  $_wp_real_parent_file
 * @global array  $_wp_menu_nopriv
 * @global array  $_wp_submenu_nopriv
 *
 * @param string $parent_page Optional. The slug name for the parent menu (or the file name
 *                            of a standard WordPress admin page). Default empty string.
 * @return string The parent file of the current admin page.
 */
function get_admin_page_parent( $parent_page = '' ) {
	global $parent_file, $menu, $submenu, $pagenow, $typenow,
		$plugin_page, $_wp_real_parent_file, $_wp_menu_nopriv, $_wp_submenu_nopriv;

	if ( ! empty( $parent_page ) && 'admin.php' !== $parent_page ) {
		if ( isset( $_wp_real_parent_file[ $parent_page ] ) ) {
			$parent_page = $_wp_real_parent_file[ $parent_page ];
		}

		return $parent_page;
	}

	if ( 'admin.php' === $pagenow && isset( $plugin_page ) ) {
		foreach ( (array) $menu as $parent_menu ) {
			if ( $parent_menu[2] === $plugin_page ) {
				$parent_file = $plugin_page;

				if ( isset( $_wp_real_parent_file[ $parent_file ] ) ) {
					$parent_file = $_wp_real_parent_file[ $parent_file ];
				}

				return $parent_file;
			}
		}
		if ( isset( $_wp_menu_nopriv[ $plugin_page ] ) ) {
			$parent_file = $plugin_page;

			if ( isset( $_wp_real_parent_file[ $parent_file ] ) ) {
					$parent_file = $_wp_real_parent_file[ $parent_file ];
			}

			return $parent_file;
		}
	}

	if ( isset( $plugin_page ) && isset( $_wp_submenu_nopriv[ $pagenow ][ $plugin_page ] ) ) {
		$parent_file = $pagenow;

		if ( isset( $_wp_real_parent_file[ $parent_file ] ) ) {
			$parent_file = $_wp_real_parent_file[ $parent_file ];
		}

		return $parent_file;
	}

	foreach ( array_keys( (array) $submenu ) as $parent_page ) {
		foreach ( $submenu[ $parent_page ] as $submenu_array ) {
			if ( isset( $_wp_real_parent_file[ $parent_page ] ) ) {
				$parent_page = $_wp_real_parent_file[ $parent_page ];
			}

			if ( ! empty( $typenow ) && "$pagenow?post_type=$typenow" === $submenu_array[2] ) {
				$parent_file = $parent_page;
				return $parent_page;
			} elseif ( empty( $typenow ) && $pagenow === $submenu_array[2]
				&& ( empty( $parent_file ) || false === strpos( $parent_file, '?' ) )
			) {
				$parent_file = $parent_page;
				return $parent_page;
			} elseif ( isset( $plugin_page ) && $plugin_page === $submenu_array[2] ) {
				$parent_file = $parent_page;
				return $parent_page;
			}
		}
	}

	if ( empty( $parent_file ) ) {
		$parent_file = '';
	}
	return '';
}

/**
 * Gets the title of the current admin page.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @global string $title
 * @global array  $menu
 * @global array  $submenu
 * @global string $pagenow     The filename of the current screen.
 * @global string $typenow     The post type of the current screen.
 * @global string $plugin_page
 *
 * @return string The title of the current admin page.
 */
function get_admin_page_title() {
	global $title, $menu, $submenu, $pagenow, $typenow, $plugin_page;

	if ( ! empty( $title ) ) {
		return $title;
	}

	$hook = get_plugin_page_hook( $plugin_page, $pagenow );

	$parent  = get_admin_page_parent();
	$parent1 = $parent;

	if ( empty( $parent ) ) {
		foreach ( (array) $menu as $menu_array ) {
			if ( isset( $menu_array[3] ) ) {
				if ( $menu_array[2] === $pagenow ) {
					$title = $menu_array[3];
					return $menu_array[3];
				} elseif ( isset( $plugin_page ) && $plugin_page === $menu_array[2] && $hook === $menu_array[5] ) {
					$title = $menu_array[3];
					return $menu_array[3];
				}
			} else {
				$title = $menu_array[0];
				return $title;
			}
		}
	} else {
		foreach ( array_keys( $submenu ) as $parent ) {
			foreach ( $submenu[ $parent ] as $submenu_array ) {
				if ( isset( $plugin_page )
					&& $plugin_page === $submenu_array[2]
					&& ( $pagenow === $parent
						|| $plugin_page === $parent
						|| $plugin_page === $hook
						|| 'admin.php' === $pagenow && $parent1 !== $submenu_array[2]
						|| ! empty( $typenow ) && "$pagenow?post_type=$typenow" === $parent )
					) {
						$title = $submenu_array[3];
						return $submenu_array[3];
				}

				if ( $submenu_array[2] !== $pagenow || isset( $_GET['page'] ) ) { // Not the current page.
					continue;
				}

				if ( isset( $submenu_array[3] ) ) {
					$title = $submenu_array[3];
					return $submenu_array[3];
				} else {
					$title = $submenu_array[0];
					return $title;
				}
			}
		}
		if ( empty( $title ) ) {
			foreach ( $menu as $menu_array ) {
				if ( isset( $plugin_page )
					&& $plugin_page === $menu_array[2]
					&& 'admin.php' === $pagenow
					&& $parent1 === $menu_array[2]
				) {
						$title = $menu_array[3];
						return $menu_array[3];
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return $title;
}

/**
 * Gets the hook attached to the administrative page of a plugin.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @param string $plugin_page The slug name of the plugin page.
 * @param string $parent_page The slug name for the parent menu (or the file name of a standard
 *                            WordPress admin page).
 * @return string|null Hook attached to the plugin page, null otherwise.
 */
function get_plugin_page_hook( $plugin_page, $parent_page ) {
	$hook = get_plugin_page_hookname( $plugin_page, $parent_page );
	if ( has_action( $hook ) ) {
		return $hook;
	} else {
		return null;
	}
}

/**
 * Gets the hook name for the administrative page of a plugin.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @global array $admin_page_hooks
 *
 * @param string $plugin_page The slug name of the plugin page.
 * @param string $parent_page The slug name for the parent menu (or the file name of a standard
 *                            WordPress admin page).
 * @return string Hook name for the plugin page.
 */
function get_plugin_page_hookname( $plugin_page, $parent_page ) {
	global $admin_page_hooks;

	$parent = get_admin_page_parent( $parent_page );

	$page_type = 'admin';
	if ( empty( $parent_page ) || 'admin.php' === $parent_page || isset( $admin_page_hooks[ $plugin_page ] ) ) {
		if ( isset( $admin_page_hooks[ $plugin_page ] ) ) {
			$page_type = 'toplevel';
		} elseif ( isset( $admin_page_hooks[ $parent ] ) ) {
			$page_type = $admin_page_hooks[ $parent ];
		}
	} elseif ( isset( $admin_page_hooks[ $parent ] ) ) {
		$page_type = $admin_page_hooks[ $parent ];
	}

	$plugin_name = preg_replace( '!\.php!', '', $plugin_page );

	return $page_type . '_page_' . $plugin_name;
}

/**
 * Determines whether the current user can access the current admin page.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @global string $pagenow            The filename of the current screen.
 * @global array  $menu
 * @global array  $submenu
 * @global array  $_wp_menu_nopriv
 * @global array  $_wp_submenu_nopriv
 * @global string $plugin_page
 * @global array  $_registered_pages
 *
 * @return bool True if the current user can access the admin page, false otherwise.
 */
function user_can_access_admin_page() {
	global $pagenow, $menu, $submenu, $_wp_menu_nopriv, $_wp_submenu_nopriv,
		$plugin_page, $_registered_pages;

	$parent = get_admin_page_parent();

	if ( ! isset( $plugin_page ) && isset( $_wp_submenu_nopriv[ $parent ][ $pagenow ] ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	if ( isset( $plugin_page ) ) {
		if ( isset( $_wp_submenu_nopriv[ $parent ][ $plugin_page ] ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		$hookname = get_plugin_page_hookname( $plugin_page, $parent );

		if ( ! isset( $_registered_pages[ $hookname ] ) ) {
			return false;
		}
	}

	if ( empty( $parent ) ) {
		if ( isset( $_wp_menu_nopriv[ $pagenow ] ) ) {
			return false;
		}
		if ( isset( $_wp_submenu_nopriv[ $pagenow ][ $pagenow ] ) ) {
			return false;
		}
		if ( isset( $plugin_page ) && isset( $_wp_submenu_nopriv[ $pagenow ][ $plugin_page ] ) ) {
			return false;
		}
		if ( isset( $plugin_page ) && isset( $_wp_menu_nopriv[ $plugin_page ] ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		foreach ( array_keys( $_wp_submenu_nopriv ) as $key ) {
			if ( isset( $_wp_submenu_nopriv[ $key ][ $pagenow ] ) ) {
				return false;
			}
			if ( isset( $plugin_page ) && isset( $_wp_submenu_nopriv[ $key ][ $plugin_page ] ) ) {
				return false;
			}
		}

		return true;
	}

	if ( isset( $plugin_page ) && $plugin_page === $parent && isset( $_wp_menu_nopriv[ $plugin_page ] ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	if ( isset( $submenu[ $parent ] ) ) {
		foreach ( $submenu[ $parent ] as $submenu_array ) {
			if ( isset( $plugin_page ) && $submenu_array[2] === $plugin_page ) {
				return current_user_can( $submenu_array[1] );
			} elseif ( $submenu_array[2] === $pagenow ) {
				return current_user_can( $submenu_array[1] );
			}
		}
	}

	foreach ( $menu as $menu_array ) {
		if ( $menu_array[2] === $parent ) {
			return current_user_can( $menu_array[1] );
		}
	}

	return true;
}

/* Allowed list functions */

/**
 * Refreshes the value of the allowed options list available via the 'allowed_options' hook.
 *
 * See the {@see 'allowed_options'} filter.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 * @since 5.5.0 `$new_whitelist_options` was renamed to `$new_allowed_options`.
 *              Please consider writing more inclusive code.
 *
 * @global array $new_allowed_options
 *
 * @param array $options
 * @return array
 */
function option_update_filter( $options ) {
	global $new_allowed_options;

	if ( is_array( $new_allowed_options ) ) {
		$options = add_allowed_options( $new_allowed_options, $options );
	}

	return $options;
}

/**
 * Adds an array of options to the list of allowed options.
 *
 * @since 5.5.0
 *
 * @global array $allowed_options
 *
 * @param array        $new_options
 * @param string|array $options
 * @return array
 */
function add_allowed_options( $new_options, $options = '' ) {
	if ( '' === $options ) {
		global $allowed_options;
	} else {
		$allowed_options = $options;
	}

	foreach ( $new_options as $page => $keys ) {
		foreach ( $keys as $key ) {
			if ( ! isset( $allowed_options[ $page ] ) || ! is_array( $allowed_options[ $page ] ) ) {
				$allowed_options[ $page ]   = array();
				$allowed_options[ $page ][] = $key;
			} else {
				$pos = array_search( $key, $allowed_options[ $page ], true );
				if ( false === $pos ) {
					$allowed_options[ $page ][] = $key;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return $allowed_options;
}

/**
 * Removes a list of options from the allowed options list.
 *
 * @since 5.5.0
 *
 * @global array $allowed_options
 *
 * @param array        $del_options
 * @param string|array $options
 * @return array
 */
function remove_allowed_options( $del_options, $options = '' ) {
	if ( '' === $options ) {
		global $allowed_options;
	} else {
		$allowed_options = $options;
	}

	foreach ( $del_options as $page => $keys ) {
		foreach ( $keys as $key ) {
			if ( isset( $allowed_options[ $page ] ) && is_array( $allowed_options[ $page ] ) ) {
				$pos = array_search( $key, $allowed_options[ $page ], true );
				if ( false !== $pos ) {
					unset( $allowed_options[ $page ][ $pos ] );
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return $allowed_options;
}

/**
 * Outputs nonce, action, and option_page fields for a settings page.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 *
 * @param string $option_group A settings group name. This should match the group name
 *                             used in register_setting().
 */
function settings_fields( $option_group ) {
	echo "<input type='hidden' name='option_page' value='" . esc_attr( $option_group ) . "' />";
	echo '<input type="hidden" name="action" value="update" />';
	wp_nonce_field( "$option_group-options" );
}

/**
 * Clears the plugins cache used by get_plugins() and by default, the plugin updates cache.
 *
 * @since 3.7.0
 *
 * @param bool $clear_update_cache Whether to clear the plugin updates cache. Default true.
 */
function wp_clean_plugins_cache( $clear_update_cache = true ) {
	if ( $clear_update_cache ) {
		delete_site_transient( 'update_plugins' );
	}
	wp_cache_delete( 'plugins', 'plugins' );
}

/**
 * Loads a given plugin attempt to generate errors.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 * @since 4.4.0 Function was moved into the `wp-admin/includes/plugin.php` file.
 *
 * @param string $plugin Path to the plugin file relative to the plugins directory.
 */
function plugin_sandbox_scrape( $plugin ) {
	if ( ! defined( 'WP_SANDBOX_SCRAPING' ) ) {
		define( 'WP_SANDBOX_SCRAPING', true );
	}

	wp_register_plugin_realpath( WP_PLUGIN_DIR . '/' . $plugin );
	include_once WP_PLUGIN_DIR . '/' . $plugin;
}

/**
 * Declares a helper function for adding content to the Privacy Policy Guide.
 *
 * Plugins and themes should suggest text for inclusion in the site's privacy policy.
 * The suggested text should contain information about any functionality that affects user privacy,
 * and will be shown on the Privacy Policy Guide screen.
 *
 * A plugin or theme can use this function multiple times as long as it will help to better present
 * the suggested policy content. For example modular plugins such as WooCommerse or Jetpack
 * can add or remove suggested content depending on the modules/extensions that are enabled.
 * For more information see the Plugin Handbook:
 * https://developer.wordpress.org/plugins/privacy/suggesting-text-for-the-site-privacy-policy/.
 *
 * The HTML contents of the `$policy_text` supports use of a specialized `.privacy-policy-tutorial`
 * CSS class which can be used to provide supplemental information. Any content contained within
 * HTML elements that have the `.privacy-policy-tutorial` CSS class applied will be omitted
 * from the clipboard when the section content is copied.
 *
 * Intended for use with the `'admin_init'` action.
 *
 * @since 4.9.6
 *
 * @param string $plugin_name The name of the plugin or theme that is suggesting content
 *                            for the site's privacy policy.
 * @param string $policy_text The suggested content for inclusion in the policy.
 */
function wp_add_privacy_policy_content( $plugin_name, $policy_text ) {
	if ( ! is_admin() ) {
		_doing_it_wrong(
			__FUNCTION__,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: admin_init */
				__( 'The suggested privacy policy content should be added only in wp-admin by using the %s (or later) action.' ),
				'<code>admin_init</code>'
			),
			'4.9.7'
		);
		return;
	} elseif ( ! doing_action( 'admin_init' ) && ! did_action( 'admin_init' ) ) {
		_doing_it_wrong(
			__FUNCTION__,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: admin_init */
				__( 'The suggested privacy policy content should be added by using the %s (or later) action. Please see the inline documentation.' ),
				'<code>admin_init</code>'
			),
			'4.9.7'
		);
		return;
	}

	if ( ! class_exists( 'WP_Privacy_Policy_Content' ) ) {
		require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/class-wp-privacy-policy-content.php';
	}

	WP_Privacy_Policy_Content::add( $plugin_name, $policy_text );
}

/**
 * Determines whether a plugin is technically active but was paused while
 * loading.
 *
 * For more information on this and similar theme functions, check out
 * the {@link https://developer.wordpress.org/themes/basics/conditional-tags/
 * Conditional Tags} article in the Theme Developer Handbook.
 *
 * @since 5.2.0
 *
 * @param string $plugin Path to the plugin file relative to the plugins directory.
 * @return bool True, if in the list of paused plugins. False, if not in the list.
 */
function is_plugin_paused( $plugin ) {
	if ( ! isset( $GLOBALS['_paused_plugins'] ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	if ( ! is_plugin_active( $plugin ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	list( $plugin ) = explode( '/', $plugin );

	return array_key_exists( $plugin, $GLOBALS['_paused_plugins'] );
}

/**
 * Gets the error that was recorded for a paused plugin.
 *
 * @since 5.2.0
 *
 * @param string $plugin Path to the plugin file relative to the plugins directory.
 * @return array|false Array of error information as returned by `error_get_last()`,
 *                     or false if none was recorded.
 */
function wp_get_plugin_error( $plugin ) {
	if ( ! isset( $GLOBALS['_paused_plugins'] ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	list( $plugin ) = explode( '/', $plugin );

	if ( ! array_key_exists( $plugin, $GLOBALS['_paused_plugins'] ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	return $GLOBALS['_paused_plugins'][ $plugin ];
}

/**
 * Tries to resume a single plugin.
 *
 * If a redirect was provided, we first ensure the plugin does not throw fatal
 * errors anymore.
 *
 * The way it works is by setting the redirection to the error before trying to
 * include the plugin file. If the plugin fails, then the redirection will not
 * be overwritten with the success message and the plugin will not be resumed.
 *
 * @since 5.2.0
 *
 * @param string $plugin   Single plugin to resume.
 * @param string $redirect Optional. URL to redirect to. Default empty string.
 * @return bool|WP_Error True on success, false if `$plugin` was not paused,
 *                       `WP_Error` on failure.
 */
function resume_plugin( $plugin, $redirect = '' ) {
	/*
	 * We'll override this later if the plugin could be resumed without
	 * creating a fatal error.
	 */
	if ( ! empty( $redirect ) ) {
		wp_redirect(
			add_query_arg(
				'_error_nonce',
				wp_create_nonce( 'plugin-resume-error_' . $plugin ),
				$redirect
			)
		);

		// Load the plugin to test whether it throws a fatal error.
		ob_start();
		plugin_sandbox_scrape( $plugin );
		ob_clean();
	}

	list( $extension ) = explode( '/', $plugin );

	$result = wp_paused_plugins()->delete( $extension );

	if ( ! $result ) {
		return new WP_Error(
			'could_not_resume_plugin',
			__( 'Could not resume the plugin.' )
		);
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Renders an admin notice in case some plugins have been paused due to errors.
 *
 * @since 5.2.0
 *
 * @global string $pagenow The filename of the current screen.
 */
function paused_plugins_notice() {
	if ( 'plugins.php' === $GLOBALS['pagenow'] ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( ! current_user_can( 'resume_plugins' ) ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( ! isset( $GLOBALS['_paused_plugins'] ) || empty( $GLOBALS['_paused_plugins'] ) ) {
		return;
	}

	printf(
		'<div class="notice notice-error"><p><strong>%s</strong><br>%s</p><p><a href="%s">%s</a></p></div>',
		__( 'One or more plugins failed to load properly.' ),
		__( 'You can find more details and make changes on the Plugins screen.' ),
		esc_url( admin_url( 'plugins.php?plugin_status=paused' ) ),
		__( 'Go to the Plugins screen' )
	);
}

/**
 * Renders an admin notice when a plugin was deactivated during an update.
 *
 * Displays an admin notice in case a plugin has been deactivated during an
 * upgrade due to incompatibility with the current version of WordPress.
 *
 * @since 5.8.0
 * @access private
 *
 * @global string $pagenow    The filename of the current screen.
 * @global string $wp_version The WordPress version string.
 */
function deactivated_plugins_notice() {
	if ( 'plugins.php' === $GLOBALS['pagenow'] ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( ! current_user_can( 'activate_plugins' ) ) {
		return;
	}

	$blog_deactivated_plugins = get_option( 'wp_force_deactivated_plugins' );
	$site_deactivated_plugins = array();

	if ( false === $blog_deactivated_plugins ) {
		// Option not in database, add an empty array to avoid extra DB queries on subsequent loads.
		update_option( 'wp_force_deactivated_plugins', array() );
	}

	if ( is_multisite() ) {
		$site_deactivated_plugins = get_site_option( 'wp_force_deactivated_plugins' );
		if ( false === $site_deactivated_plugins ) {
			// Option not in database, add an empty array to avoid extra DB queries on subsequent loads.
			update_site_option( 'wp_force_deactivated_plugins', array() );
		}
	}

	if ( empty( $blog_deactivated_plugins ) && empty( $site_deactivated_plugins ) ) {
		// No deactivated plugins.
		return;
	}

	$deactivated_plugins = array_merge( $blog_deactivated_plugins, $site_deactivated_plugins );

	foreach ( $deactivated_plugins as $plugin ) {
		if ( ! empty( $plugin['version_compatible'] ) && ! empty( $plugin['version_deactivated'] ) ) {
			$explanation = sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: Name of deactivated plugin, 2: Plugin version deactivated, 3: Current WP version, 4: Compatible plugin version. */
				__( '%1$s %2$s was deactivated due to incompatibility with WordPress %3$s, please upgrade to %1$s %4$s or later.' ),
				$plugin['plugin_name'],
				$plugin['version_deactivated'],
				$GLOBALS['wp_version'],
				$plugin['version_compatible']
			);
		} else {
			$explanation = sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: Name of deactivated plugin, 2: Plugin version deactivated, 3: Current WP version. */
				__( '%1$s %2$s was deactivated due to incompatibility with WordPress %3$s.' ),
				$plugin['plugin_name'],
				! empty( $plugin['version_deactivated'] ) ? $plugin['version_deactivated'] : '',
				$GLOBALS['wp_version'],
				$plugin['version_compatible']
			);
		}

		printf(
			'<div class="notice notice-warning"><p><strong>%s</strong><br>%s</p><p><a href="%s">%s</a></p></div>',
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: Name of deactivated plugin. */
				__( '%s plugin deactivated during WordPress upgrade.' ),
				$plugin['plugin_name']
			),
			$explanation,
			esc_url( admin_url( 'plugins.php?plugin_status=inactive' ) ),
			__( 'Go to the Plugins screen' )
		);
	}

	// Empty the options.
	update_option( 'wp_force_deactivated_plugins', array() );
	if ( is_multisite() ) {
		update_site_option( 'wp_force_deactivated_plugins', array() );
	}
}
Fakes will usually have a sharper – Base de données MCPV "Prestataires"

Fakes will usually have a sharper

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If you’re capable of get the bulk volume discount and you have a proper business set up and you get a reseller certificates applied, you get sales tax submitted. So you ought to buy this stuff with a excessive bid after which drop them off at your favourite consignment store. Together we are ready to convey the ideas ahead to be used amongst others as we explore via these beautiful creations that characterize a fantastic variety. Margiela bases its GATs on a coach built for the West German Army in the Seventies. Originally designed by Puma however put into manufacturing by Adidas, the design is regularly copied.

Impressed by the craftsmanship of the replicas, he decided final year to go into business with a counterfeiter in the notorious shoe metropolis. Putian, in China’s coastal Fujian province, has been China’s sneaker manufacturing capital for many years. As a end result, it’s also the center of the counterfeit shoe industry. At night time, shopping centers come alive with showrooms displaying bootleg Nikes, Adidas and New Balance out within the open.

📲 Stay linked with us for the most recent firstcopyshoes releases, reside product videos, and exclusive deals. Enjoy a safe checkout course of with a quantity of cost options discountshoesmart.com, together with pay as you go and COD. Whether you’re looking for sport, running, casuals, or fashionable footwear, our assortment caters to all wants. I paid via Western Union and figured I roll the cube and provides it a shot. Very happy with these sandals and the communication with seller named Joelaw.

The eyes can be fooled easily in phrases of recognizing fakes but the sense of odor is more discerning. The materials used to make footwear are unique, in addition to their scent. If you could have considerations concerning the authenticity of your stickers, look them up on the web and compare them to other examples. If they don’t match, then you’re in all probability looking at a fake.

They run somewhat small however the high quality of the shoe and the fabric are rattling near spot on. Lower grades like ‘A’ or ‘AA’ may have more noticeable variations from the unique products. AliExpress, for instance, lets you addContent photographs directly on their platform to search out similar items. While DIYTrade’s interface is straightforward to navigate, high quality management depends closely on the person provider. Payment safety just isn’t constructed into the platform, so due diligence is crucial when inserting large orders. Buyers can vet suppliers through inspection reports and product samples earlier than placing large orders.

An unique Adidas won’t ever fault this detailing which is often spotted in the fake sneakers. Epitomising refined urban fashion, the Replica low-top trainers from Maison Margiela exude both fashionable flair and nostalgic charm. These distinguished sneakers are expertly crafted from lustrous, silver-tone leather with sumptuous suede inserts, revealing a charming interaction of textures. Due to the poor quality of workmanship, incorrect packaging, and former expertise with comparable products, CBP says officers decided the footwear were not genuine objects. Demand for premium-looking footwear at accessible worth points continues to drive wholesale orders, notably in emerging markets.

The hottest Balenciaga sneakers retail between $995 and $1,one hundred fifty. Balenciaga’s web site now permits you to pay for some of their sneakers using crypto cost. No stone ought to be left unturned when searching for faux Versace shoes.

Many customers unknowingly buy counterfeit goods, notably online or in casual marketplaces. However, ignorance of a product’s counterfeit nature does not all the time absolve a buyer of liability Replica Sneakers, especially if the price or circumstances recommend the merchandise isn’t real. From being budget-friendly to providing many fashion options, it’s easy to see why many individuals select these over designer brands.

Let’s also say this pair is the Nike Air Yeezy 2 ‘Red October’. When launched online at NikeStore.com, the sneakers sold out within a minute, actually and to high it off, not plenty of fashions were produced. The Good Will Out high replica sneakers, best reps replica Sneaker website. All of those Maison Margiela GAT duplicate sneaker alternatives have something distinctive to supply.

UA footwear will stand the check of time when you take care of them. Though minor defects may be observed, they don’t seem to be significantly seen. SMP footwear are extra comfortable than SP and AAA varieties. Depending on how frequently they’re used replica shoes, they will last up to two months. Although not recommended, SP-grade footwear can be an option if cash is tight. Yet if inspected carefully, numerous defects could be detected.

Many replicas are made with low-quality supplies, contributing to waste. The fast trend business, which often includes duplicate products, considerably impacts the surroundings. Unsustainable practices in sourcing materials and disposal can result in increased air pollution and landfill waste. Choosing sustainable footwear manufacturers promotes eco-friendly practices. Fake shoes, also called reproduction sneakers, are imitations of genuine footwear brands.

Material used to make the sneakers – Sub commonplace materials won’t final and you will want top quality materials similar to PVC rubber, leather-based, polyester or material. Join us as we delve into the world of replica footwear, the place we spotlight the highest picks that promise to raise your shoe collection. Get ready to discover how you can step into style and make a press release with every stride, all while maintaining your funds firmly grounded. You can also search on Alibaba, however don’t search for Nike or Adidas, you won’t find what you’re looking for. Instead, seek for “Putian shoes” or “Putian shoe factory”, and you’ll discover plenty of Putian shoe listings.

Have you ever spotted a pair of fashionable sneakers online and puzzled if they’re the actual deal or just a replica? With the rise of classy footwear, many individuals find themselves in a dilemma about whether to purchase replicas. It’s a common situation that raises questions on legality and ethics.

But, if I have been to choose one name total, that might be Crossreps.com. It will look punctured until you push it once more to the unique place. You can present this high quality to your friend with a straight face and see their funny response. 👉 Everythingreps and Hypeunique belong to this class. Of course, I’m not saying this high quality is horrible; it’s normal. But, so far as pricing is anxious, they should improve according to that.

Here are the highest stores that cope with these replica sneakers. I’ve been burned many instances with poor quality reps and sadly that is part of the method of owning reproduction sneakers. But over years I’ve identified a couple of good sellers who are actually good. They are referred to as fakes, reproduction sneakers, knock-offs, B grades, counterfeits, bootlegs, etc. Rep shoes aren’t mechanically unlawful, however it could possibly get tough. The line is crossed when they begin copying logos or specific designs from well-known manufacturers without permission.

If you are on the lookout for a classy Air Jordan replica without breaking the bank, then these are the perfect footwear for you. They look genuine but lack the Jordan emblem on the tongue which is a lifeless giveaway that they’re replicas. Apart from that, the Jumpman 4s appears fairly like the Retro replicas and are available in over 25 different colours. The hottest Jumpman 4s variants out there are the “What The” and the “White Cement”. The Air Jordan Jumpman 4s is the latest in the Jordan assortment and a super pair to buy if you’re in search of one thing that’s stylish and athletic on the similar time. These sneakers could be worn everyday and it comes with a breathable material that keeps your toes cool.

As seen on the faux one, the brand is thicker, it is smudged and is chipping off. Here too, it may be very important take note of the font, spacing and placement of the brand. We summarize the most popular trends from 1,000+ orders by our purchasers monthly, that can help you discover your winning product. Get your product ideas and inspirations from Jingsourcing’s monthly reports. Putian is located in Fujian Province on the southern coast of China.

This one is made of real sterling silver and prices $395 in the medium size. The iconic Cartier Love Ring could be found on a couple of websites, including 1stDibs the place we found this diamond-covered silver ring for $2,450. You can store around on the location for more Cartier options to purchase or bid on, each of which comes from a vetted seller. The company shipped footwear of extremely low high quality from China. A respected shoe retailer like Zappos has been talked about tens of millions of occasions on the Internet.

Jenna stated it would’ve been the secret service who chose the moniker for her, and he or she defined the special connection her family has to the name “Crawford.” For over 30 years, Van Halen Store has been providing the world’s largest selection of Van Halen and EVH merchandise and collectibles. Everything you find here is authentic and formally licensed.

What constitutes a cloth change might be determined at our sole discretion. Real and in great condition are solely two of the necessities. West hasn’t said much about the black market for his sneakers; a publicist for the rapper did not reply to a request for comment. Those illicit factories typically obtain samples of recent kinds immediately from Adidas’ two factories in China. The moles are additionally liable for photographs of proto-Yeezys leaking on-line before Adidas announces their launch.

BaseReps is your gateway to a world where top quality meets fashion-forward design in reps sneakers, duplicate bags, and reproduction jackets. Our assortment, appealing to each women and men, features the finest quality replicas at extra inexpensive prices. Experience our dedication to excellence with each purchase, complemented by our promise of premium transport. Today, many shoe brands, including Vessi, focus on offering high-quality footwear that combines fashion, comfort, and innovation—without resorting to imitation.

Buying reps for personal use is often not illegal, however promoting them as genuine sneakers or in large portions can break counterfeit laws. Be wary of costs that appear too good to be true, as they often are. Also, search for any misspellings or other errors on the shoe, as these could be a signal of a pretend product. Check the tags and labels on the shoes for any discrepancies or inaccuracies. You also can ask the seller for proof of authenticity, similar to a receipt or tag from the original store.

When it involves promoting replicas legally, there are numerous excellent choices for displaying and promoting your products. Not all knockoffs are created equal, and some are instantly recognizable whereas others aren’t. This is a lucrative business, in part owing to the many individuals who profit from the sale of counterfeit footwear in addition to the plethora of “legitimate” fakes available. We’ve all seen the Twitter memes of horrible fakes, with the wrong logos and misspelled words, but these aren’t the only fakes out there. When you get new footwear, the pleasure you get from them generally outweighs the cash spent, but there’s a problem when your best shoe isn’t what it seems to be. We’re here to assist you in figuring out fakes, subsequently we’ve put up a brief guidelines of things to search for when you’re on the hunt for model spanking new sneakers.

Travis Scott has collaborated on a number of tasks with Nike and Jordan Brand, along with his hottest sneaker dropping final summer. Technology has remodeled the game and left the neighborhood with mixed outcomes. However, the sneaker resale platform StockX continues to strive for transparency by providing data to the common public. They look tremendous trendy and are excellent for taking half in basketball, operating, walking, jogging and even as an informal put on. There are sturdy cushions at the base to reduce back the influence that helps defend your knees. To date, we now have delivered 1000’s of orders, and our web site stands out for its verified critiques and buyer satisfaction.

Alongside this reputation explosion, replica sneakers (commonly often known as “reps”) have created a brand new layer of complexity within the footwear market. For many shoppers, selecting replicas and genuine sneakers entails weighing components like high quality, price, ethics, and cultural significance. This essay delves into these features, comprehensively analyzing the differences between reps and genuine footwear and examining why every choice appeals to totally different buyers. In the world of trend and sneakers, there’s at all times been a divide between genuine merchandise and their imitations. Over the previous few years, high-quality duplicate shoes—often called “reps”—have gained severe traction, particularly in sneaker culture. With skyrocketing costs on retail and resale platforms, increasingly individuals are turning to replicas as a extra affordable method to take pleasure in their favorite styles.

Also, we don’t buy them as a result of they’re still out there for retail costs. The emergence of HypeX will change the chaotic pretend designer web sites. First, we are going to present the highest high quality reproduction designer clothing, together with Lv, and Fendi. In the uncooked materials of the garments, we use the identical supplies as the genuine ones. Secondly, 24-hour on-line service and excellent after-sales service will make you satisfied. Reps in shoes, also referred to as replicas, have gotten more and more well-liked amongst sneaker enthusiasts.

That was a fairly successful technique up until all these consignment stores began going stomach up and now that technique now not exists. So for some of this stuff, I was shopping for it for my local consignment store. I felt the worth of that shoe was under-market so I bought these.

Everything reps provides an in depth assortment beyond footwear but at larger prices with slower customer service. Firstsneakers is one other new vendor to pop up on DHgate over the past year. They manufacture and sell good quality shoes and concentrate on replica sneakers from main manufacturers like Yeezy, Air Jordan, Nike and even Adidas.

Believe me, reproduction or “rep” shoes are NOT the identical as genuine or “real” footwear. Reps are shoe replicas which are made to seem like the unique shoe, however they don’t appear to be crafted with the same high quality materials or craftsmanship as the unique. If the worth difference isn’t much, then you would possibly be likely coping with actual Nike footwear. If you want to examine, you can message the seller and ask them if the product is genuine or not. If they promote it as real and they promote you a pretend product, then you’ll find a way to request a refund from Aliexpress. The DrKucak Store is a particular retailer for Women Nike’s Replica sneakers.

As technology progresses, the quality gap between replicas and real sneakers is closing. Some high-tier replicas are only barely distinguishable from actual shoes, posing challenges to manufacturers relating to design safety and sustaining exclusivity. Meanwhile, shopper selectivity increases, and most are keen to pay a premium to ensure the product is genuine. Purchasing genuine sneakers supports the brands that design and produce them, contributing to the industry’s ongoing innovation. Companies like Nike and Adidas invest closely in analysis and improvement to create new applied sciences and supplies.

These replicas are made but are not endorsed or accredited as they try to replicate the style, supplies, and attributes of luxurious items. You can even buy the new Gucci x Adidas sneaker or the Supreme logo-adorned model of Kanye West’s sought-after Yeezy Boost. SneakerReplica.com focuses on high-quality replicas of in style sneaker models. Their commitment to quality and customer satisfaction makes them a reliable alternative for sneaker enthusiasts. When you try to get the world to believe that you’re one thing that you’re not. That you try to sell a faux product to someone as an genuine one.

These guys are made in Asia and are way more reasonably priced than our top luxury-leaning picks, just like the Oliver Cabells and the Svenssons. Though they fly additional beneath the radar (pardon the pun) than the minimalist white sneaker, menswear nerds can’t get enough of this stuff. Designs have advanced to incorporate different suede stripes and even Maison Margiela Fur Replica GATs.

There have been so many cases the place patrons have gone off platform and have been burnt by sellers they’ve trusted. If you might be on the lookout for faux shoes that look real, then check out these vetted shops that I’ve bought from. It’s plain that Putian’s OEM factories have wonderful shoemaking capabilities.

When I’m not researching the latest tendencies, I enjoy going for lengthy walks, exploring new styles, and discovering the most effective ways to maintain sneakers looking recent. Brand identification turns into diluted with the rise of replicas. When consumers buy imitation sneakers, they could fail to recognize the original brand’s value. For instance, Nike invests heavily in marketing and analysis to develop progressive products.

Low-end replicas often arrive in generic or poor-quality packaging. Beyond on-line platforms, there are different efficient strategies to source wholesale duplicate products in China. These approaches provide distinctive advantages and may present entry to a wider range of suppliers and products. Be cautious when ordering from unfamiliar Chinese websites. Look for sellers with high rankings and optimistic customer evaluations.

For the first time, fans can add an authentic Wolverine mask to their collection of officially licensed Marvel Legends Series roleplay gear. Although we gained’t match every value reported, we’ll use your suggestions to ensure that our prices remain competitive. Jenna Bush Hager says she used a faux name “for a time period” to verify into motels when she was younger. Technical specifications kind the foundation of selection standards. Prioritize suppliers providing detailed material composition breakdowns – notably for synthetic uppers (PU, microfiber, or eco-leather alternatives) and sole compounds (TPR or EVA). Minimum trade benchmarks embody 15,000 flex cycles for sole durability and colorfastness ratings exceeding 4/5 on standardized abrasion exams.

Partially, nice for bulk or semi-private label dropshipping. This is more of a long-game platform for those looking for brand control. RepCatalog is virtually built for replica-focused dropshipping. You want strong provider communication and experience in sourcing to use Alibaba effectively for replicas. SMP shoes are made with a high quality that’s twice nearly as good as “AAA ” or “SP”; thus, relying on usage, they may final you 6–12 months.

If you’re traveling from another country to Putian, you can first take a flight to Quanzhou Jinjiang International Airport, which is the closest airport to Putian. From there, you’ll find a way to then take a private automotive or bus to achieve Putian. The Balenciaga Track sneakers are made in China and obtainable in varied impartial colour options. This silhouette is famous for its ‘sneakers meet socks’ look.

This store  has a ranking of 98.7% and has bought over 40k pairs of sneakers throughout their 6 years on DHgate. The AAA-grade sneakers which are replicas may be stated to be good copies of the unique footwear. These replicas are made from commonplace materials and possess such crafting expertise that one needn’t worry about spotting a knockoff. Whereby, for people who need to purchase good high quality copies of sneakers or those that want to resell them, Putian is a market to be at. These keywords seem to yield extra outcomes as a outcome of they do not appeal to restrictions from the platforms. Take the Balenciaga Triple S sneaker, perhaps essentially the most “of the moment” sneaker, its cumbersome silhouette is immediately recognizable, and completely encapsulates the present ugly-as-fashion pattern.

I’m stunned, I would think that spending how a lot money you do on there, that they would deal with you with some precedence.Yeah. And I don’t know if it’s just the best way I filed that help ticket. And that’s the factor in regards to the story is, I’m really a pretty large StockX fan. And I’ve been an enormous proponent of StockX for a while, and I still like them. Tony is a market analysis skilled by day and a mode writer by night. He also enjoys working out, craft beer and spending time along with his wife, daughter, and dog.

You can find virtually anything, from sneakers to boots, allowing you to tailor your footwear collection to your taste. The thought of reps appeared when copies of designer footwear became increasingly popular as an option for people who could not buy true designer sneakers or did not need to. With the beginning of trends in luxurious sneakers, there was important interest in regular, cheap sneakers that gave an identical look. I even have at all times been keen about footwear, whether it’s finding the perfect running sneakers, fashionable boots, or on a regular basis consolation wear. I love testing completely different manufacturers and sharing trustworthy reviews that will assist you pick the most effective pair in your wants.

For his prized “pirate black” editions, he waited so lengthy as he might, understanding that counterfeiters enhance their replicas with every new batch. He finally pulled the trigger on the 10th batch, paying $120 to a sought-after vendor generally known as Chan. In the previous, those in search of counterfeit sneakers needed to navigate a slew of international websites that inspired little confidence. Repsneakers emerged as a spot to seek out and share the most effective on the market.

I actually have to admit that this is doubtless one of the finest replicas I’ve seen available on the market and I actually have examined it on the court. The 21SS Full Logo Jacquard Short options an all-over jacquard weave logo design and high-quality fabric. Elastic waistband and relaxed fit make them excellent for informal put on. No worries – our hassle-free 30-day return policy allows you to strive us on for size and discover the right pair.

You do not should wear branded when the shoes look this good. If you are looking for easy Nike sneaker lookalikes just like the Airforce 1, you’ll find it on this store. And I’ve seen the standard of these footwear dramatically improve over the years. I’ve been collecting sneaker reps and I treat them like an unique with its packaging intact. All although a lot of these sellers are well-liked, their ongoing efficiency of supply high quality reps can’t be assured and therefore I prefer to undergo Dhgate.

Versace is incorporating NFC tags into their newest collections for an online authentication system. Footwear is amongst Versace’s best-selling categories for both women and men. While the Italian style home is famous for its platform heels, its most sought-after footwear are primarily sneakers, slides, and statement sneakers. You might need a pair of Versace sneakers in your want list or could be saving as much as splurge on genuine Versace sneakers. The luxury price point of Versace footwear makes them a common choice for counterfeiters. For readers wanting to delve deeper into the world of Christian Louboutin, Your Next Shoes provides a wealth of articles exploring numerous features of this iconic brand.

But you don’t need your run of the mill, low high quality pretend sneakers. Replicas nowadays have a certain class and here are the shops that sell Nike replicas on-line. The traces between authentic shoes and replicas often blur. Authentic sneakers, directly from manufacturers like Nike and Adidas, include a promise of originality. On the opposite hand, replicas or imitation sneakers might be unauthorized by the unique model however can still boast impeccable quality.

Most people can simply tell they’re not genuine simply by a fast look or touch. There are noticeable variations within the leather quality, craftsmanship, brand clarity, shoe form, and sole in comparability with genuine merchandise. In 1997, the outbreak of the monetary disaster led to a big discount in orders for Putian’s manufacturing factories, making their survival more and more difficult. Consequently, Putian launched into the trail of producing counterfeit shoes.

Due to improper care being given to the wrapping, this typically results in the box being harmed. To consider counterfeit shoes, you must examine product pictures, check customer critiques, and get in contact with distributors on to confirm the standard of the supplies and craftsmanship. The value of such goods is low and the quality is on the highest. Shenzhen is sort of various considering the number of selections available which include smartphones, smartwatches, and completely different accessories. A aggressive market leads to lower prices therefore making replica merchandise of nice quality good worth for money.

I shoot them from my residence where I even have a setup and my shoe collection in the background. Sometimes I’ll deliver my laptop down to the store and report from there. I’m actually backed up on YouTube movies I truly have to get out. Indeed, the Yeezys have had a halo impact on the popularity of Adidas’ other sneakers such as the NMD and Ultraboost, which share comparable stylings however are sold to the mass market. Adidas, meanwhile, has sued brands such as Marc Jacobs, Forever 21 and Juicy Couture over using its signature triple stripes. However, it’s unclear what exactly the 93-year-old athletic model is doing about reproduction Yeezys from China.

Material used to make the sneakers – Sub standard materials won’t final and you will want prime quality supplies similar to PVC rubber, leather, polyester or cloth. Unlike plenty of standalone web sites which may be owned, managed and managed by a single company, DHgate has been around for more than 10 years. They will not want dangerous sellers on their platform that may affect their status. The Sports Shoe Store is a direct from manufacturing facility seller and that’s why they’ve a few of the best charges in the market. But, should you missed the drop time and were not in a position to get on the queue replica shoes, I hope these solutions are helpful for you when purchasing sneakers through a reseller or licensed resale website.

Instead of being flat on the leather-based, the Air Jordan Wings emblem must be embossed. If you run your fingertips over the Air Jordan Wings logo, you should be in a position to feel it. Additionally, you’ll see that the toe box’s openings should be arched.

These are what’s called “money sizes”, or in different terms the popular sizes. A dimension 9 will move quicker than a size 7 which finally ends up in fast gross sales. Now let’s say that you don’t know the history like diehard sneakerheads and perhaps you’re simply moving into accumulating otherwise you wish to make sure your newest purchase is genuine. Maybe the pair you are about to buy isn’t something out of the norm for JB. You could search through the various informational web sites on sneakers, which can take a while but can save you on getting burned. We do have an Air Jordan History section which you may find a way to flick thru to see if the colours match up with an already launched pair.

Look for official logos or seals of approval from the producer. If you are unsure, you’ll be able to all the time contact the producer on to ask about licensed retailers in your space. The materials, ease, and manufacture are of the highest caliber.

3 This article will break down what rep sneakers actually are and reveal five eye-opening information about these stylish copycats. Rep shoe check with the replica of sports brand or designer brand shoe by private factories without the authorization of the brand. Their appearance and materials are virtually the same, but the value is usually solely 1/4 of the original. Because the original is dear and most people cannot afford it, rep shoes have gotten more and more in style among customers. The finest replica shoe website can be Dhgate arms down because it has over 30 to 40 replica sellers.

The Best Balenciaga Slides Dupes A model with a status for top-quality merchandise and unique designs, the favored Balencia … Discover top-quality Dior B22 dupes at unbeatable costs on Dhgate. Unveiling Dior B22 Dupes on Dhgate Looking to rock the iconic Dior B22 sneakers without burning a gap in your po …

In shopper capitalism we’re taught that the issues we purchase are a direct representation of how a lot we’re profitable (or losing) at life. The lenses are too dark and I question their quality, but they can be modified. And while I recognize that there are totally different qualities of plastic with different finishes, it’s nonetheless only plastic and solely a pedant would have the flexibility to discern my ones from a real pair.

Plus replica shoes, we provide a secure cost gateway for a clean and safe purchase. Under the leadership of Creative Director Mathieu Blazy, Bottega Veneta, the understatement, luxury and ingenuity famous brand has successfully… A a half of their Fall/Winter 2024 collection, the Miu Miu Adventure bag has quickly resonated with the style moment and is positioned to turn out to be one… COMPLEX participates in varied online marketing packages, which implies COMPLEX gets paid commissions on purchases made via our links to retailer sites. Our editorial content material is not influenced by any commissions we receive.

Online viewers can watch him bargain, settle a price dispute with a seller via coin toss and call out a faux pair of sneaks before he’s even opened the field. Collectors and sneaker specialists say there’s little incentive for Adidas to crack down on faux Yeezys. Their proliferation has little impact on sales, as respectable Yeezys promote out almost immediately regardless.

Large factories are extra advanced when it comes to expertise and refined handsets hence producing better duplicate watches. These sorts normally make watches for famous manufacturers so they are extra skillful within the artwork of making replicas which are top of the range. The enormous marketplace for imitation items is fueled by their exceptional high quality, affordability, and great profitability. About 90% of these imitation goods are produced in China, a major world reproduction product producer. It is unsurprising to seek out high-quality knockoffs of well-known brands like Louis Vuitton, Gucci, Chanel, and Rolex circulating out there as many luxurious manufacturers have manufacturing in China. To ensure you’ve all the data required to navigate the Chinese reproduction market successfully, I’ll also supply helpful advice on importing these goods in bulk.

Before purchasing, check buyer feedback for real pictures and detailed evaluations. Luxury objects tend to have a solid, well-balanced really feel due to high-quality supplies. Popular Chinese e-commerce platforms like Taobao typically have a wider number of replicas. To navigate these websites, you ought to use browser translation extensions or search assist from Chinese-speaking pals. Use translation instruments like Google Translate to convert your search terms into Chinese characters. For example, “高仿” (gāofǎng) means “high-quality replica” in Chinese.

The primary advantages of buying faux shoes embrace affordability, availability, type variety, and reduced risk. High-quality reps can come extremely close, particularly in phrases of stitching, form, weight, and material feel. Factories that focus on accuracy typically mimic the genuine materials nearly completely. That said, they might still cut corners on the inside of the shoe or use barely different glue or internal linings. SneakerDouble ships the best quality duplicate sneakers all over the world.

There are a quantity of methods by which you’ll identify pretend Adidas from the original. This could be helpful in understanding if you’re shopping for a real Adidas or not. The best Adidas shoes for strolling is the Adidas Alhpabounce. This has the additional cushioning on the underside that keeps your heel secure and guarded.

However, relying solely on on-line searches isn’t completely dependable. Many small to medium-sized factories in Putian might not even listing their contact information on-line, so it’s often necessary to get suggestions from locals. This is as a outcome of many factories here also produce counterfeit shoes and may not operate entirely legally. They often have their very own established distributors and may be cautious when dealing with exterior buyers. Top-grade footwear are made utilizing the same molds as real ones.

The font used should be small and clear for the tongue label. It’s worth noting that many Balenciaga sneakers are made in China. You can double-check the manufacturing nation on Balenciaga’s web site. The A, C, and G are sometimes tell-tale signs of sneakers being pretend.

In comparison to more expensive alternate options, cheaper ones are made from lower-quality supplies and have a distinct odor. Fakes will usually have a sharper, extra rubbery/plasticky odor. In most circumstances, it will all be on the sticker located within the box.

One customer steps up to the counter, beaming, considering he’s about to money in on one of the sought-after sneakers in resale. Almordaah’s demeanor shifts to quiet tones and sympathy as he breaks the bad news to the would-be vendor. Almordaah has to provide hope to some prospects whose sneakers are authentic however have been rejected for an additional cause — possibly they’re simply not scorching shoes or they’re a small size that isn’t popular.

Over here you’ll find the most effective duplicate products starting from mobile phones and electronics to trend equipment in a wholesale quantity. You’ll discover all the pretend bags you were in search of to finish your collection. You can purchase a number of of the pretend manufacturers on-line on Aliexpress, however plenty of it has been clamped down through the years. You need to be clever to buy from these sites especially when you’re looking for one thing explicit. This wholesale replica site does not list the precise brand names, but upon truly visiting the review part, you’ll discover that the products seem like the original.

Not that conditions within the Western world are much completely different. AllKicks was based to help all designer clothing lovers save money. ALLKICKS.internet is a high-quality Fake Shoes Website, Among them, the Replica designer brand is the most well-liked. AllKicks products use the same materials as the genuine ones, and the appearance and winning course of are constant. In a market flooded with convincing faux sneakers, having a dedicated service like LegitGrails may be the deciding issue within the authenticity of your purchase.

If you are on the lookout for terminologies for reproduction shoes, then knockoff shoes, faux sneakers, first copy shoes are used interchangeably. In this information, I’m sharing the best replica sneakers I’ve found, with trusted shops that deliver quality and style, so you presumably can step up your shoe game too. Best high quality assuranceWe have our personal PK GOD manufacturing unit and have cooperated with well-known factories such as OG LJR H12 for many years. Most sneakers use the identical materials and craftsmanship as the originals.

If you are a mother or father looking for cheaper shoes on your youngsters, look no other website than stockxkicks. They are not a scam, and solely the evaluations tell you that they are legit. Not everybody needs the absolute best quality discountshoesmart, and sometimes, the youngsters pressure you to purchase costly shoes. One final thing I’ve heard on Reddit is that their factory is in Putian, the place the very best quality footwear are manufactured and provided worldwide. He sneakers matches the one on the box, then it’s likely to be reliable. THe PUAMSS Store is a novel retailer with lots of formal footwear.

Revenue for pretend sneakers is estimate at $599 billion yearly. The stand outs are the multi-coloured footwear and the pink & black combo. Some of the best Air Jordan replicas are super reasonably priced. You can purchase many pieces of the same shoe and use completely different ones for different days of the week.

Reps, or replicas, are knockoff or imitation shoes manufactured to be as identical as potential to the name-brand designer shoe. Vans shoes aren’t that cheap, so that you don’t want to waste your money on something less than the actual article. You ought to intently examine every thing from the packaging to the brand to the shoe design. If attainable, examine the shoes to a pair that you realize are real.

Kevin’s entree into the world of replica shoes was through the user-generated web site Reddit, the place collectors share photographs of copycat shoes and contact data for sellers. They coach counterfeiters on the way to get minute details appropriate. With each batch of bootlegs, the replicas turn out to be more and more difficult to distinguish from their authentic counterparts. Knowing you’re buying duplicate sneakers is one factor, but getting duped? And so to avoid being on the receiving end of such a scenario, you can buy immediately from the source.

Before transport, every pair goes through a strict quality verify. We solely send out shoes that move our accuracy and sturdiness standards—so you get the most effective, each time. While the actual deal would possibly burn a gap in your pocket, rep footwear promise a similar experience with out the hefty price tag.

Reps Vs Real Sneakers: An In-depth Analysis Of Fake & Genuine Sneakers Very Best Quality Reps Shoes And Sneakers Website If you’re capable of get the bulk volume discount and you have a proper business set up and you get a reseller certificates applied, you get sales tax submitted. So you ought to buy this…

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